Upper Saline (Bad Kissingen)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bismarck Museum in the Upper Saline (2009)

The Obere Saline 20 property is located in Hausen , a district of the Lower Franconian spa town of Bad Kissingen . Initially built for salt production, the property was expanded by Prince Bishop Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim for the purposes of the Würzburg bishops and the Saline Church was added. Later, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck set up the Bismarck apartment for his spa stays . The Obere Saline is one of the Bad Kissingen architectural monuments and is registered in the Bavarian Monument List under number D-6-72-114-188 .

Today the building complex houses the Obere Saline museum and the Bad Kissingen riding club .

history

The Upper Saline was built in 1763 by Prince Bishop Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim for salt extraction, but has also been used for other purposes. In 1767 the Prince-Bishop set up the Saline Church here for his spa stays ; Between 1876 and 1893, Reich Chancellor Otto von Bismarck completed several spa stays in the Bismarck apartment that was set up especially for him in the Upper Saline . Today the Bismarck apartment forms the core of the Bismarck Museum . The Upper Saline was also named Friedrichshall in honor of Prince Bishop Seinsheim ; The word component "-hall" refers to a salt production site - as is also the case in the name of Bad Reichenhall .

On July 27, 1823, Mathias von Flurl died during his stay in the Upper Saline , when he visited it in his function as a saline inspector for the purpose of an inspection.

An important tenant of the Upper Saline from 1875 to 1900 was the lawyer Karl Streit (born March 31, 1833, † February 1902) in Münnerstadt . He was empowered in this function by his brother Ignaz Streit; he could not exercise the lease himself because otherwise he would have had to give up his Würzburg law firm. During Otto von Bismarck's fourteen spa stays in Bismarck's apartment , Karl Streit became the Chancellor's host. Streits and Bismarck's former occupation in agriculture formed the basis for a deep friendship between the two men.

Over the years, Karl Streit, with the help of his wife Elise, built an extensive collection of at least twelve works by Tilman Riemenschneider, who was unknown at the time, in the Upper Saline . In 1888, Streit published under the title »Tylmann Riemenschneider - 1460-1531 - Life and Works of Art of the Franconian Carver - With 93 illustrations by Karl Streit - Kgl. Oekonomierath zu Bad Kissingen, upper Saline « two book-like boxes with - but reversed - pictures of the Riemenschneider exhibits.

For reasons unknown, Streit sold a large part of his collection in 1890; eleven Riemenschneider works from the collection went to the Bavarian National Museum in Munich . In 1950 the "Karl-Streit-Straße" in Winkels (now part of Bad Kissingen) was named after him in his honor; However, the grave of the Streit couple in the Bad Kissingen chapel cemetery no longer exists.

Once through the entry of Bavaria to the North German Customs Union in 1866, the Saline had become meaningless, even standing Saline Church empty; her altar was sold to Trimberg in 1877 . When the pulpit went to the parish of St Laurentius Bocklet in 1922, the church was converted into a barn.

In 1904 Friedrich Hessing donated a veteran health home in the intermediate wing of the Upper Saline for the surviving participants in the Franco-German War of 1870/71. In the sanatorium run by the Red Cross , Friedrich Hessing was responsible for outdoor pools and catering for the veterans. A street in Bad Kissingen is named after Hessing, who became an honorary citizen of Bad Kissingen in 1917 (see also the list of honorary citizens of Bad Kissingen ). The sanatorium existed until the First World War ; There are now apartments in the intermediate wing of the Upper Saline .

On December 12, 1997, the city of Bad Kissingen became the new owner of the Upper Saline . On July 30, 1998, the 100th anniversary of Bismarck's death, Minister of State Erwin Huber opened the Bismarck Museum here .

After 2000, four new museum departments were opened in the Upper Saline. As a result of these expansions, the museum was given a new name and has since been officially called "Museum Obere Saline". Today it consists of the “Bismarck Museum” (1998) and the departments “Salt and Salt Extraction” (2007), “Heilbad Kissingen” (2007), “Toys World” (2011) and “Weltbad Kissingen” (2016) and has an exhibition area of ​​1400 m².

Uses

Saline Church

The redesign plans for the residence and saltworks church for Prince-Bishop Seinsheim come from the architect Johann Philipp Geigel , the interior design from Johann Peter Wagner . The Saline Church was inaugurated on September 15, 1767. Johann Adam Schambach, son of the Saline Construction Director Johann Michael Schambach, took over the management of the entire Saline operation in 1776 and, according to the relevant note in the inventory , equipped the Saline Church with a self-made way of the Cross as early as 1772. This went to the chaplain Hausen in 1868 with the dissolution of the Saline Church .

The Saline Church existed after the Prince-Bishop's death in 1779; there were other acquisitions. The church remained unaffected by the secularization , as it was already state property as part of the salt works. On December 31, 1825, the general mine and saltworks administration declared the church a parish church of a local chaplaincy .

The local chaplain Caspar Ringelmann, appointed on October 16, 1857, involved his superiors from the Kgl. Hauptsalzamt and from the Kgl. General mine and saltworks administration, lengthy correspondence about improving the equipment of the saltworks church and increasing his salary. In Ringelmann's opinion, their persistence was based on their affiliation with the Protestant faith. Among other things, on January 30, 1858, he recalled that a new silver goblet had already been approved, but with the budget of only 97 guilders, the procurement of which turned out to be unrealistic. On the basis of the arguments put forward by Ringelmann that the gilding of the goblets previously used had become damaged, whereas every church, no matter how poor, could have two goblets at its disposal, and a goblet in perfect condition would make an impression on the numerous spa guests visiting the house chapel, the increase Kgl. General mine and salt works administration on September 29, 1858 the budget for a new chalice at 156 guilders and 24 kreuzers. Goldsmith Georg Joseph Amberg, great-grandfather of the Würzburg goldsmith Michael Amberg, presented the new chalice to the Upper Saline after Easter 1859 . The chalice was particularly liked by Cardinal Julius Döpfner from Hausen , an important sponsor of Georg Joseph Amberg's grandson Joseph Amberg.

Once through the entry of Bavaria to the North German Customs Union in 1866, the Saline had become meaningless, even standing Saline church empty. In 1877 the tax authorities sold the altar to Trimberg for the local St. Elisabeth church . After the Trimberger Altar burned down - probably due to the carelessness of the acolytes - the purchase of the Hausener Altar was financed (probably through donations). Some discrepancies, such as the lack of the client's coat of arms, is due to the 6.40 meter lower height of the Trimberg Church compared to that of the Saline Church (6.70 meters). For a long time it was assumed that the figure to the left of the altar represents St. Nicholas of Bari . This assumption was based on the depiction of the altar figure with an anchor, an insignium of Nicholas. District home nurse Werner Eberth was able to refute this view when he pointed out that the "inventory of the existing church paraments and chapels movables" shows the figure as a representation of St. Clemens expelled. This discovery is supported by the fact that Clemens - along with St. Barbara - was the patron saint of mining, which also included salt production; In addition, Clemens had also discovered a source.

When the pulpit went to the parish of St. Laurentius Bocklet in 1922, the church was converted into a barn. When the Bismarck Museum was set up , it was decided to restore the stencil paintings as they were present during Empress Auguste Viktoria's stay at the spa.

The Saline Church is now used for temporary exhibitions at the Obere Saline Museum .

The salt flats.
Surname activity
Adam Herterich (born November 9, 1796 in Münnerstadt , † May 14, 1869 in Münnerstadt) from January 2, 1826 (as local chaplain)
Jakob Hock (born June 24, 1801 in Waldaschaff , † August 27, 1880 in Ebern ) 1832–1833 (as local chaplain)
Philipp Lehmann (born July 25, 1804 in Hörstein , † June 8, 1883) 1834
Georg Adam Stamm (born September 18, 1804 in Hausen near Wiesenfeld, † March 7, 1890) 1835–1842 (as local chaplain)
Aegidius Eckert (born August 31, 1809 in Richelbach , † April 7, 1874) 1843–1848 (as local chaplain)
Thaddaeus Düring (born October 23, 1815 in Saal an der Saale , † November 29, 1852) 1849
Andreas Hauck (born April 15, 1815 in Würzburg , † August 24, 1878) 1850
Friedrich Moritz (born December 4, 1819, † November 3, 1882) 1852–1854 (as local chaplain)
Johann Georg Weber (born May 3, 1821 in Würzburg, † September 9, 1862) 1856 (as local chaplain)
Kaspar Ringelmann (born January 30, 1825 in Würzburg, † April 5, 1883) 1858–1860 (as local chaplain)
Georg (Joseph) Scheurich (born September 17, 1825 in Miltenberg , † July 10, 1886) 1862-1864
Johann Georg Lang (born November 2, 1826 in Kirchaich, † February 14, 1887) 1864-1868

Bismarck's apartment

Otto von Bismarck with " Reichshund " Tyras and personal physician Dr. Ernst Schweninger .

When Bismarck spent his first cure in Hausen in 1876, the Obere Saline was chosen as his new accommodation. After the assassination attempt in 1874 - the Magdeburg journeyman cooper Eduard Kullmann had shot at Bismarck on July 13 in front of the doctor Oskar von Diruf's guest house in Saalestrasse (since 1893 Bismarckstrasse; today's address of the attack: Bismarckstrasse 16 ) - the decisive factor was that the Upper Saline offered better watch opportunities and was therefore safer. Bismarck, on the other hand, preferred the tranquility of the place and the quiet walks in the nearby Klauswald to the lively Kissingen spa. For Hausen himself, the Chancellor's spa stays meant an immeasurable advertising effect.

For Bismarck, the decision to choose his new health resort was a conscious gesture of reconciliation after the Kingdom of Prussia emerged victorious over Bavaria in the German War of 1866 under his leadership. The Chancellor maintained good contacts with the defeated King Ludwig II and granted him financial support; the king, in turn, provided the chancellor with the staff he needed to carry out official business. Karl Streit furnished the vacant rooms of the closed Hauptsalzamt with antique furniture for the Bismarck apartment ; In addition, a telegraph station and a gendarmerie station were set up, but these were removed in 1997 as part of the conversion of the salt works to the Bismarck Museum . As part of his official business in Hausen, Bismarck received the Vatican nuncio Gaetano Aloisi Masella and Cardinal Edward Henry Howard , among others , to end the Kulturkampf in a face- saving manner . In 1877 the Kissinger Dictation was written here, in which Bismarck set out the maxims of his foreign policy. In 1880, during discussions between Bismarck and Chancellor Karl von Hofmann and the industrialist Louis Baare, the main features of German social insurance were developed.

In the summer of 1878 rumors circulated that an Austrian with the name “Gaydanourschwitz or something like that” was planning an assassination attempt on Bismarck when three letters posted in Colmar were intercepted, in which it was about Bismarck's arrival in Berlin and his apartment there. In 1881, the security measures were tightened again when the Bavarian State Ministry suspected in its letter of July 8th assassination plans that might have been planned by the socialists and were to be carried out by French and Italians disguised as "fine spa guests". In the same year there was a threatening letter with threatening letters against Bismarck because of "his miserable tyrannical policy", whereupon the Chancellor, contrary to the official announcement, began his journey home not at Kissinger, but at Münnerstadt station.

When Bismarck could not come to Hausen for a cure in 1889 because of urgent official business in Berlin, Empress Auguste Viktoria used his absence to take her own cure. Her relationship with the Chancellor was strained after he had triumphed over Denmark in the German-Danish War of 1864 and the duchies of Schleswig , Holstein and Lauenburg went to Prussia; their Duke Friedrich VIII , Auguste Viktorias father, had to abdicate. The empress arrived in Hausen in June 1889, with great coverage in the local Saale newspaper . Her husband Wilhelm II had accompanied her to the Ebenhausen train station . Her four sons followed a few days later. Here the family made a trip to the Botenlauben castle ruins and celebrated the birthdays of Princes Eitel Friedrich of Prussia and Adalbert of Prussia . Auguste Viktoria himself went shopping in Bad Kissingen; On July 16, she visited the girls' welfare home in Hausen and sent him a donation of 300 marks (= 5,000 €). For Auguste Viktoria's stay, Karl Streit furnished the Saline Church with figures from his collection; During the spa stays of Bismarck, the initiator of the “ Kulturkampf ”, this was not necessary.

The illustrated book Unser Bismarck by the Hamburg draftsman Christian Wilhelm Allers was created in 1893 when he accompanied the Chancellor for several weeks on his cure. The illustrated book contains around 80 drawings that characterize Bismarck's stay as well as Bad Kissingen and Hausen. As the tenant Karl Streit reports in the book, despite the increased security measures, an incident occurred when a Capuchin entered the premises through a garden gate and met the Chancellor, who said goodbye to the unexpected visitor.

  • Large salon hall

  • Round sofa

  • Seating area in the study

  • Writing area in the large salon hall

  • Desk in the study, presumably location of the Kissinger dictation in 1877

  • bedroom

museum

Between 1998 and 2016, the Obere Saline Museum with the departments “Bismarck Museum”, “Salt and Salt Production”, “Heilbad Kissingen”, “Toy World” and “Weltbad Kissingen” was established in the building complex.

See also

literature

  • Werner Eberth : Bismarck and Bad Kissingen . Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 1998.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Bavaria I: Franconia: The administrative districts of Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia: BD I , Deutscher Kunstverlag Munich Berlin, 2nd, revised and supplemented edition, 1999, p. 71
  • Still an advertising medium - Otto von Bismarck , in: Peter Ziegler: Prominence on promenade paths - emperors, kings, artists, spa guests in Bad Kissingen , Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, 2004, ISBN 3-87717-809-X , pp. 114-132
  • The Upper Saline and “Friedrichshall” , in: Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen, 2010, pp. 66-103
  • The Upper Saline and its residents , in: Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen, 2010, pp. 104–154
  • The veteran sanatorium in the Upper Saline , in: Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen, 2010, pp. 155–158
  • Bad Kissinger Museum Information (Ed .: Peter Weidisch), Issue 3: Bismarck in Bad Kissingen , Verlag Stadt Bad Kissingen, Bad Kissingen 2011. ISBN 978-3-934912-11-3

Web links

Commons : Obere Saline (Bad Kissingen)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, p. 146
  2. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 147–154
  3. ↑ a b c Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 152–153
  4. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 155–158
  5. ^ Werner Eberth : Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 1. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2011, pp. 120f.
  6. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 78–79
  7. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, p. 97
  8. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, p. 79
  9. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, p. 80
  10. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 101-102
  11. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 101-103
  12. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 102-103
  13. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 80–81
  14. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 83–85
  15. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 84–85
  16. ↑ a b c Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 85–87
  17. ^ A b Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 85–87
  18. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2, Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2009, p. 99f.
  19. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 104–123
  20. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, p. 105
  21. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 104-105
  22. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 105-107
  23. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 108–110
  24. ^ Bismarck in Bad Kissingen , Saale-Zeitung, July 26, 2018
  25. ↑ a b Werner Eberth: Bismarck and Bad Kissingen . Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 1998, p. 382
  26. ^ Werner Eberth: Bismarck and Bad Kissingen . Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 1998, p. 385
  27. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 124–140
  28. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 126–129
  29. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, p. 129
  30. ↑ a b Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, p. 130
  31. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, p. 131
  32. ↑ a b Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, p. 135
  33. ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 2. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2010, pp. 95-100
  34. ^ Werner Eberth: Bismarck and Bad Kissingen . Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 1998, pp. 15-17
  35. ^ Werner Eberth: Bismarck and Bad Kissingen . Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 1998, p. 380

Coordinates: 50 ° 13 ′ 18 ″  N , 10 ° 4 ′ 9 ″  E