Friedrich VIII of Schleswig-Holstein
Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein , full name Friedrich Christian August von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (born July 6, 1829 in Augustenborg Castle , † January 14, 1880 in Wiesbaden ) was a German-Danish prince from the House of Oldenburg and made 1863 / 64 Inheritance claims in Schleswig and Holstein were recognized by the German Confederation and in the duchies themselves, but not by any of the actual sovereigns, the crowns of Denmark, Austria and Prussia.
Life
Friedrich was the eldest son of Duke Christian August von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1798–1869) and his cousin (second degree), the Danish Countess Luise Sophie (1796–1867), daughter of Count Christian Conrad Sophus von Danneskjold- Samsøe. His paternal grandparents were Duke Friedrich Christian II and Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark .
Prince Friedrich took part in the first Schleswig-Holstein War on the German side with his younger brother, Prince Christian Karl (1831-1917) . After the accession of the Danish King Christian IX. In accordance with the provisions of the London Protocol in 1863, Friedrich raised hereditary claims to the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein . Since his father , in return for a severance payment of 2.25 million thalers for himself and his family, had decided not to oppose the Danish decisions on succession, Friedrich's claim was at least questionable, but he was able to rely on large parts of public opinion.
On November 19, 1863, he declared his assumption of government as Duke Friedrich VIII of Schleswig-Holstein and was proclaimed sovereign of both duchies on December 30th. Since Holstein and Lauenburg had been evacuated by the Danish troops in the course of the federal execution at the end of 1863, but not Schleswig, the proclamation in this part of the country had no effect from the start. Austria and Prussia , however, felt bound by the London Protocol of 1852 and asked the German Confederation to expel Friedrich from Schleswig-Holstein, to whom the protocol did not allow the government. The federal government refused.
After a two-day ultimatum demanding the repeal of the national liberal Danish November constitution , the German-Danish War broke out (January 16 to October 30, 1864), which was won by the Austro-Prussian troops. In the Peace of Vienna , the sovereign ruler, the Danish King Christian IX, who had been internationally recognized until then, had to Both the Duchy of Schleswig, which was a Danish fief , and the Duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg , which had been federal states since 1815, ceded to Prussia and Austria as condominiums . While Austria, after considerable hesitation, was willing to cede its rights to Friedrich and thus create a new German medium-sized state, Prussia was only willing to do so under certain conditions:
- Surrender of small areas at both mouths of the Kiel Canal to be built at Prussian expense
- Establishment of a Prussian war port in Friedrichsort on the Kiel Fjord
- Incorporation of the Schleswig-Holstein troops into the Prussian army through a military convention
- political alliance of both states
or
- Assumption of the Prussian war costs (around 50 million thalers), which was an illusion from the start.
Since Friedrich rejected these conditions, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck did not pursue these plans any further.
The duchies of Schleswig and Holstein were finally annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia as the province of Schleswig-Holstein in 1867 contrary to the wishes of the German-minded Schleswig-Holsteiners of the Augustenburg movement . After his resignation, Duke Friedrich returned to Gotha and Primkenau in Lower Silesia as a private citizen . In Primkenau he built a new castle and bought an iron foundry. In the game-rich heath west of Primkenau, he bought forest and meadow land from local farmers in order to create a large hunting area. a. for the hunts of the related imperial family.
Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein died on January 14, 1880 in Wiesbaden, where an epitaph was dedicated to him in the local market church .
Marriage and offspring
On September 11, 1856 Frederick married in Langenburg Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1835-1900), second daughter of Prince Ernst I. and his wife Princess Feodora of Leiningen . Through her mother she was the niece of the British Queen Victoria . The marriage had seven children:
- Friedrich Wilhelm Victor Karl Ernst Christian August (1857-1858)
- Auguste Viktoria Friederike Luise Feodora Jenny (1858–1921)
- ⚭ 1881 Prince Wilhelm of Prussia , later as Wilhelm II. German Emperor and King of Prussia
- Victoria Friederike Augusta Maria Caroline Mathilde (1860–1932)
- Friedrich Victor Leopold Christian Gerhard (* / † 1862)
- Ernst Günther (1863–1921)
- Louise Sophie Adelheid Henriette Amalie (1866–1952) ⚭ 1889 Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia
- Feodora Adelheid Helene Louise Caroline Pauline Alice Jenny (1874–1910), unmarried
While visiting relatives at her great-aunt, Queen Victoria , Friedrich's daughter Auguste Viktoria met her cousin (second degree), the Prussian prince and later Kaiser Wilhelm II, at Windsor Castle . Several parties were interested in a connection that was initially considered inappropriate: the cheated Duke Friedrich, Queen Victoria and their daughter Crown Princess Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland , as well as Otto von Bismarck , who thought little of foreign princesses and marriage as reparation , as "the joyful final act of a conflicted drama" saw. The marriage took place on February 27, 1881 in Berlin .
Honor
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A monument was erected in Kiel-Düsternbrook in 1900 to the father-in-law of Kaiser Wilhelm II . On a terrace, surrounded by an exedra , the statue stood on a simple granite pedestal that ended with a cornice. It is not preserved. In the Hamburg district of Nienstedten, not far from the Jacob's stairs, lies the Augustenburger Park, named after the duke. The family lived here at times for two years in the former Villa Newman (Elbschaussee 398).
literature
- Johannes Heinrich Gebauer : Duke Friedrich VIII of Schleswig-Holstein. A picture of life . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart a. a. 1912
- August Sach : Friedrich VIII. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 49, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, pp. 126-134.
- Hans Harald Hennings: Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , pp. 586-588 ( digitized version ).
- Dieter Wolf: Duke Friedrich von Augustenburg - a German prince outwitted by Bismarck in 1864? Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1999, ISBN 3-631-35135-6 . (also dissertation, University of Hamburg 1999)
- Jörg Johannsen: The dispute over the succession of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein in the 19th century - An investigation of the succession claims of the dukes of Sønderborg-Augustenburg on Schleswig and Holstein , Shaker, Aachen 1999, ISBN 3-826-5472-41 . (At the same time dissertation Ruhr University Bochum 1992 under the title The right of inheritance to the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein ).
- Schleswig-Holstein (history 1739–1848) . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 14, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 525.
Web links
- Literature by and about Friedrich VIII of Schleswig-Holstein in the catalog of the German National Library
- Literature from and about Friedrich VIII. Of Schleswig-Holstein in the union catalog of the GBV
- Dukes of Augustenburg
- Official press of Prussia
- Landesarchiv Schleswig-Holstein ( Memento from November 29, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Holstein State Government in Kiel 1864–1866. ( Memento from November 29, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- ^ Ferdinand Strobl von Ravelsberg: Metternich and his time 1773-1859 . tape 2 . Stern, Vienna / Leipzig 1907, OCLC 7091486 , p. 232 .
- ↑ Ludwig Reiners : Bismarck founds the empire . CH Beck, Munich 1957, p. 50/51 and 81 .
- ↑ Austrian governor and Prussian governor or chief president 1865–1866 / 1868 . ( Memento from November 29, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Timeline 1800 to 1917 ( Memento of the original from September 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Collection of 12 albums by Camille Silvy, National Portrait Gallery, London, accessed May 12, 2012.
- ↑ Empress Auguste Viktoria
- ↑ Frank Lubowitz: The missing monument for Duke Friedrich VIII: The dream of the independent Schleswig-Holstein. In: Werner Paravicini (Ed.): Encounters with Kiel. Gift of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität for the 750th anniversary of the city. Neumünster 1992, pp. 158-161.
- ↑ Heimatbote 2017
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schleswig-Holstein, Friedrich VIII. Von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Friedrich Christian August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Schleswig-Holstein |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 6, 1829 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Augustenborg |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 14, 1880 |
| Place of death | Wiesbaden |