Market Church (Wiesbaden)

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The neo-Gothic market church with its five towers; on the right side of the picture the New Town Hall
Close-up of the west facade from Schlossplatz
Wilhelm I of Nassau - statue in front of the market church with its 98 m high main tower and the two 58 m high side towers

The neo-Gothic market church in Wiesbaden is the main Protestant church of the Hessian state capital . It was built by Carl Boos between 1853 and 1862 as Nassau State Cathedral on Schlossplatz and was the largest brick building in the Duchy of Nassau at the time .

history

Floor plan of the market church

Prehistory and construction time (1850 to 1862)

On June 27, 1850, Wiesbaden's main Protestant church, the medieval Mauritius church, was destroyed in a fire. After an appraisal showed that the still standing external walls no longer had sufficient stability, the decision was made to build a new building. On January 26, 1851, the builder Carl Boos was commissioned to find a suitable building site. Boos then put forward three suggestions, namely the old location of the Mauritius Church on Mauritiusplatz, the one ultimately chosen on Schlossplatz and a location in the vineyards on the Taunus slopes .

Since the new building was supposed to meet the need for representation of the Nassau residence and up-and-coming spa town, the old building site in the cramped old town was discarded. The five clergymen on the church council preferred the location in the vineyards on the hill so that the new church could be seen from afar, but were overruled by the six lay people who preferred the central location on the palace square. The Duke of Nassau made the property available for the construction, but did not contribute to the construction costs.

Carl Boos, who had already distinguished himself with the ministerial building he built in Wiesbaden from 1838 to 1842 , received the order to build the new market church in the same year without competition.

On January 14, 1852, he presented his plans for a plastered quarry stone building, but changed his plans on February 25, 1852 so that he now spoke out in favor of a brick building that was atypical for the region . He orientated himself on Karl Friedrich Schinkel's Friedrichswerder Church in Berlin . The unusual neo-Gothic design with its five towers received criticism because of the material, the Gothic style and the supposedly too high towers, but Boos was not impressed by them. He even increased the towers significantly to 300 feet for the main tower (approx. 98 m), 175 feet for the side towers (approx. 57 m) and 220 feet for the choir towers (approx. 73 m). The foundation stone was laid on September 22, 1853, and the consecration on November 13, 1862.

Special events (since 1862)

On December 31, 1874 saw the market Church, she was the garrison church , which according to AKO built from 2 September 1873 commemorative plaques for the campaign 1870/71 fallen of the regiments 80 , 87 and the Field Artillery Regiment. 27 inaugurated.

Between 1890 and 1898 the composer, organist and pianist Max Reger played on the organ of the Marktkirche during his time in Wiesbaden (1890–1898) . In 1929 Ernst Ludwig Dietrich became pastor, who was regional bishop of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau from 1933 to 1945 and who belonged to the ethnic German Christians , from whom he, however, distanced himself in 1938. His successor in 1934 until his death in 1965 was Willy Borngässer , who was arrested several times by the National Socialists because of his political views and was imprisoned from 1943 to 1945. Martin Niemöller , resistance fighter, co-founder of the Pastors' Emergency League and honorary citizen of Wiesbaden, gave the last sermon in the Marktkirche in 1937 before his arrest.

architecture

View through the nave towards the choir

Exterior

The model of the three-aisled basilica without transept in neo-Gothic style with classical ornamentation was the Friedrichswerder Church by Karl Friedrich Schinkel in Berlin and like this it has an unusual polygonal 5/10 choir closure . The market church was the first brick building in the Duchy of Nassau. The west tower rises a good 88 meters above the adjacent market square (historically its height is given as 300 feet / 98 meters) and is therefore still the tallest building in the city today. There are five towers in total: in addition to the west tower mentioned, there are four corner towers. The side towers each have a height of 58 m, the two choir towers a height of 73 m.

Interior

The new church windows by Karl-Martin Hartmann from 2012

The interior has a length of 50 m, a width of 20 m and a height of 28 m and is surrounded by galleries . The vaulted ceiling was painted as a starry sky. The choir is three steps higher than the nave. The colorful stained glass in the three middle windows was made between 1953 and 1962 and shows the birth of Christ on the left, the resurrection in the middle and the crucifixion of Christ on the right. On the occasion of the 150th church anniversary, three new windows by the artist Karl-Martin Hartmann were installed in 2012 , showing, among other things, a portrait of Martin Luther in front of a black hole and an excerpt from the first chapter of the book Genesis .

Furnishing

Christ and Evangelist Group by Emil Hopfgarten

The chancel is dominated by the five life-size statues made of white marble, donated by Duke Adolph and placed in the church in 1863. Emil Hopfgarten and his student Scipione Jardellea completed the figures after a total of almost 20 years of work. Behind the marble altar stands Christ with outspread, blessing hands on a pedestal, flanked on the left by the evangelists Mark and John , on the right by Matthew and Luke . A restoration of the choir figures followed in 2015.

pulpit

The polygonal pulpit rests on an eight-sided column and has a domed sound cover that imitates a star vault on the underside. The pulpit was also originally intended to be made of marble. For cost reasons, a bronze cast iron was made as a temporary solution in 1862, which was placed behind the right-hand arch and has not been changed since then. Cross, chalice and anchor on the pulpit fields symbolize the three Christian virtues of faith, love and hope. From 4th Advent to 2nd February a Christmas crib made of linden wood will be set up in the church as a high relief in the shape of a shell, which was made by the Wiesbaden sculptor Hanns Wolf Spemann in 1982. The wooden church stalls with curved cheeks leave a central aisle free.

Organs

Main organ

Main organ
Main organ console

The original organ was delivered in 1863 by the Eberhard Friedrich Walcker company from Ludwigsburg . It had 53 registers and a mechanical action . In 1900 the mechanical was replaced by a pneumatic action, and in 1929 by an electro-pneumatic one. Finally, in 1970 (Gebr. Oberlinger, Windesheim) it was converted into an organ with an electric game and stop action.

The last renovation and expansion dates from 1982 (Gebr.Oberlinger, Windesheim), when the number of registers was increased to a total of 85 (73 in the main organ, 12 in the choir organ). 20 of them come from the original organ from 1863. The instrument has a total of 6198 pipes . The playing and stop actions are electric. The main console dates from 1982 and is modeled on French Cavaillé-Coll organs. It has a digital recording and playback device which, when activated, controls the sound and register magnets. The Chamadenwerk can be freely coupled.

The organ of the Marktkirche is the largest in the district of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau. Albert Schweitzer and Max Reger played the organ .

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Praestant 16 ′
2. Dumped 16 ′
3. Principal 8th'
4th Double flute 8th'
5. Bourdon 8th'
6th Gemshorn 8th'
7th Octave 4 ′
8th. Reed flute 4 ′
9. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Octave 2 ′
11. Flat flute 2 ′
12. Cornett III-V 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
13. Mixture V-VI 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
14th Cymbel IV 2 ⁄ 3 ′
15th bassoon 16 ′
16. Trumpet 8th'
II Positive C-g 3
17th Viol 16 ′
18th Praestant 8th'
19th Dumped 8th'
20th Salicional 8th'
21st Unda Maris 8th'
22nd Principal 4 ′
23. Salicet 4 ′
24. Capstan flute 4 ′
25th Principal 2 ′
26th Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
27. Fittings V. 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
28. Dulcian 16 ′
29 Cromorne 8th'
30th Rohrschalmey 8th'
Tremulant
III Swell C – g 3
31. Bourdon 16 ′
32. Principal 8th'
33. Flute 8th'
34. Flûte à cheminée 8th'
35. Viole de Gambe 8th'
36. Voix céleste 8th'
37. Octave 4 ′
38. Flûte conique 4 ′
39. Nazard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
40. Duplicate 2 ′
41. Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
42. Septième 1 1 ⁄ 7  ′
43. Piccolo 1'
44. Plein Jeu V-VII 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
45. Basson 16 ′
46. Trumpets 8th'
47. Hautbois 8th'
48. Voix humaine 8th'
49. Clairon 4 ′
Tremulant
IV Bombardwerk
(swellable) C – g 3
50. Flûte harm. 8th'
51. Flute oct. 4 ′
52. Cornet V 8th'
53. Fittings IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
54. Bombard 16 ′
55. Trumpets 8th'
56. Clarion 4 ′

Chamaden C – g 3
57. Trumpets 16 ′
58. Trumpets 8th'
59. Trumpets 4 ′
Pedal C – f 1
60. Grand Bourdon 32 ′
61. Principal bass 16 ′
62. Violon bass 16 ′
63. Sub bass 16 ′
64. Octavbass 8th'
65. Open bass 8th'
66. Choral bass 4 ′
67. Bass flute 4 ′
68. Basszink II 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
69. Rauschpfeife IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
70. Bombard 32 ′
71. trombone 16 ′
72. Trumpet 8th'
73. Clarine 4 ′

Choir organ

Choir organ of the market church

The choir organ stands on the former imperial box to the left of the chancel in the Oberlinger case of the former back positive of the main organ from 1971. It replaces the Walcker choir organ, which was at the same location from 1965 to 1982. It has 12 registers on a manual and pedal and can be played from your own console, or from the fourth manual or the pedal keyboard of the main organ console. Conversely, the entire organ system can also be played via the console of the choir organ. The registrations are called up via the composer combinations. The disposition is as follows:

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Dumped 8th'
2. Quintatön 8th'
3. Praestant 4 ′
4th recorder 4 ′
5. Forest flute 2 ′
6th Sesquialter II 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Sifflet 1'
8th. Scharff IV 1'
9. Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
10. Sub bass 16 ′
11. Principal bass 8th'
12. Open bass 4 ′

Bells

The 73 m high choir towers of the market church

The market church has a total of five bronze bells . Four of them were cast in 1962 by the Rincker brothers from Sinn . They carry symbols of the four evangelists (man, lion, bull, eagle) as well as a word of the respective gospel . The fifth bell today after a collection campaign by children Children bell is called, dates back to the original bells from 1862. The five bells have the following impact sounds :

No. Surname Casting year Caster Ø (cm) Mass (kg) Nominal Inscription / symbol
1 Matthew 1962 Gebr. Rincker, Sinn h 0 human
2 Markus d 1 lion
3 Luke e 1 bull
4th John f sharp 1 Eagle
5 Children's bell 1862 Andreas Hamm, Frankenthal 87 405 a 1

There is also another original bell (strike G sharp '), which is damaged. It serves as the base of the font in the chancel.

Glockenspiel (carillon)

The market church has a carillon that is located in the main tower at a height of about 65 m. The mechanical keyboard with which it can be played can be reached via 290 steps . It consists of 49 bronze bells, the largest of which weighs 2.2 tons, the smallest 13 kg. All the bells together weigh 11 tons, including the steel structure from which they are suspended 21 tons. The carillon was inaugurated on Reformation Day , October 31, 1986. It was financed by the Ev. Marktkirchengemeinde, the city of Wiesbaden and through many donations.

The tone sequence of the carillon begins with the tones c 1 , d 1 , e 1 , f 1 and is then continued chromatically to d 5 . With the exception of the large St. Matthew bell, the chime bells were integrated into the game.

local community

Margot Klee is the chairperson of the parish council of the market parish .

Trivia

In the television series The Public Prosecutor , the market church often serves as an intermediate motif when changing scenes.

See also

Web links

Commons : Marktkirche  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Baedeker Wiesbaden, Rheingau. 6th edition. Karl Baedeker GmbH, Ostfildern-Kemnat 2001, ISBN 3-87954-076-4 .
  • Hans Uwe Hielscher: The market church in Wiesbaden. (= Small Art Guide. 1620). Schnell & Steiner, Munich 1987.
  • Marktkirchengemeinde Wiesbaden (ed.): The market church Wiesbaden. Detailed and illustrated church guide.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Baedeker Wiesbaden, Rheingau. 6th edition. Karl Baedeker GmbH, Ostfildern-Kemnat 2001, ISBN 3-87954-076-4 .
  2. ^ Gottfried Kiesow : Architectural Guide Wiesbaden. The city of historicism. German Foundation for Monument Protection, Bonn 2006, ISBN 3-936942-71-4 , p. 60 ff.
  3. ↑ Hans Dechend : History of the Fusilier Regiment von Gersdorff (Hess.) No. 80 and his main regiment of the Kurhessischer Leibgarde Regiment from 1632 to 1900. , p. 553.
  4. ↑ How many meters is 300 feet? Wiesbaden experts are fighting for the exact height of the market church. Evangelical Dean's Office Wiesbaden , accessed on November 4, 2013 .
  5. ↑ Wiesbadener Kurier of March 7, 2015: Wiesbaden stone sculpting company Balz restores marble figures in the Marktkirche , accessed on December 3, 2016.
  6. ↑ Frankfurter Rundschau of November 26, 2011: Im Stern is the unnamed , accessed on December 3, 2016.
  7. ^ Gottfried Kiesow: Architectural Guide Wiesbaden. The city of historicism. German Foundation for Monument Protection, Bonn 2006, ISBN 3-936942-71-4 , p. 63.
  8. ↑ Disposition of the Walcker-Sauer organ , accessed on December 21, 2016.
  9. ↑ Frankfurter Rundschau of July 28, 2014: Lightning strike paralyzes the organ , accessed on December 21, 2016.
  10. ↑ Hans Uwe Hielscher: The Oberlinger organ in the market church in Wiesbaden. Fiedler, Bad Kreuznach 1990, ISBN 3-924824-75-4 , p. 48.
  11. ↑ Information on the chime bells
  12. ↑ Information about the carillon on www.marktkirche-wiesbaden.de

Coordinates: 50 ° 4 ′ 56 "  N , 8 ° 14 ′ 34"  E