Winkels (Bad Kissingen)
|
Angle
City of Bad Kissingen
Coordinates: 50 ° 12 ′ 22 ″ N , 10 ° 6 ′ 8 ″ E
|
||
|---|---|---|
| Height : | 240 m | |
| Area : | 3.19 km² | |
| Residents : | 1314 (Jan. 1, 2017) [1] (PDF; 18 kB) | |
| Population density : | 412 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1972 | |
| Postal code : | 97688 | |
| Area code : | 0971 | |
Location of Winkels in Bavaria |
||
Winkels is a district of the health resort Bad Kissingen in the Bavarian Lower Franconia , the major district town of the Bad Kissingen district .
Geographical location
Winkels is located on the eastern edge of Bad Kissingen between the Osterberg south of Winkels and the Sinnberg and Götzenberg to the north (also north).
Winkels is on the B 287 , which leads through the neighboring municipality of Nüdlingen after leaving Winkels and joins the B19 towards Münnerstadt .
history
Beginnings
The first mention of Winkels, which was an independent municipality until it was incorporated into Bad Kissingen on July 1, 1972, dates back to 1247, when Hermann Graf von Henneberg assigned the place to the Frauenroth monastery . The negotiated price of 24 pieces of silver suggests that Winckels was a small settlement at the time. In 1804 the Hof- und Gütterbuch reported to the community that the place was moved away from Bad Kissingen in the course of the 13th century; possibly the fortification of Kissingen with city walls also played a role in order to give Kissingen a clear view and a clear field of fire in the event of war.
In the Third Reich , Anton Englert and school supervisor AW Nikola researched the origin of the place name and assumed that the founder was a nobleman: "The founder of Winkels, probably a nobleman, was called Winki". They saw their assumption confirmed in the derivation of the names of the former villages and today's Bad Kissingen districts of Arnshausen (von Arn ), Garitz (von Gaganhart ), and Reiterswiesen (von Ritan ). The local historian Edi Hahn could not find any evidence for the existence of a nobleman named Winki ; In his opinion, the name comes from the fact that the first houses in Winkels were settled in a corner near Kissingen. Edi Hahn sees his point of view confirmed in the almost unchanged spelling of the place name over the centuries: Winckels (1247; first documented mention), Winkels (1272 and 1351), Zum Winckels (1576), Wingelas (1609), Winkel (1611), Winckless (1700), Winkles and Winckhless (1716) and Winckels (1837).
middle Ages
In 1308, Kissingen suffered from destruction during a conflict between Bishop Andreas von Gundelfingen and Berthold von Henneberg ; Winkels may also have been affected.
In 1350 a third of the population of Winkels fell victim to the plague epidemic; in another plague epidemic in 1568, 67 of about 120 Winkels residents died.
Duke Swantibor III. from Pomerania, whose wife Anna had inherited the office of Kissingen with Winkels from her parents in 1374, sold it in 1394 to the Würzburg monastery . In 1588, Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn declared Winkels a branch village of the parish of Kissingen; this continues to this day.
In 1446 a church was built on today's Kapellenstrasse with the Marienkapelle between Winkels and Kissingen, which was used as a place of worship by the residents of Winkels until their own church was built on April 25, 1937.
Winkel at the beginning of modern times
A torture on the outskirts of Winkels dates from 1661, in the place of which the Kissingen pastor took over the funeral procession at the funerals of Winkels residents; Winkels only got its own cemetery in 1848.
1695 is the year of birth of Ignaz Gropp , the first Kissingen historian.
While around 1800 many villages in the area were devastated by the invading French under General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan and the farmers were forced to provide the invaders with food, Winkels was spared, possibly because of its hidden location.
In 1802, Winkels recorded 37 houses and 128 inhabitants and was, according to the Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia, a "Würzburg village in the Kissingen district".
Bavarian Kingdom
In 1833 the decision was made to build a school in Winkels; the cost estimate was 1599.33 guilders.
In order to spare the community in Winkels the burden of poor relief, regulations issued on August 21, 1845 should ensure that everyone who moves to Winkels can support themselves.
In the year 1848 the construction of the Winkelser cemetery falls. The crucifixion group located there, however, was not created around 1900, as previously assumed, but was made by the sculptor Valentin Weidner as early as 1878 according to the findings of the district home nurse Werner Eberth . An advertisement from the community of Winkels that appeared in July 2012 shows the authorship of Valentin Weidner, which Eberth had already suspected due to the style of the crucifixion group, but was considered uncertain due to the lack of a signature.
In the German War of 1866, as part of the Battle of Kissingen, Prussian troops marched through Kissingen via the Kissinger Kapellenfriedhof in the direction of Winkels. The troops of Generals von Feder, von Schuhmacher, Ludwig von der Tann-Rathsamhausen and Oskar von Zoller formed in Winkels to repel the Prussian attack.
After the war, the Bavarian Queen Marie Friederike von Prussia visited the military hospitals and theaters of war in Kissingen on September 22, 1866 and showed herself to be the niece of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. as well as cousin of the brothers and kings Friedrich Wilhelm IV. and Wilhelm I. equally affected by the fate of the Prussian victims. In the winter of 1866 King Ludwig II traveled through war-damaged Bavaria; a medal with the portrait of the king on the obverse and the engraving of Winkel on the reverse is a reminder that he also made a stop in Winkels.
Many graves of a total of around 100 victims on both sides commemorate the fighting on the Sinnberg, Osterberg and Winterleite, to which General von Zoller, Major Count Ysenburg and the commander of the Füselier Battalion, Major August Rohdewald, fell victim; In her honor, the statue of the mourning Germania in Kapellenstrasse, monuments on the Ysenburg Promenade and in the chapel cemetery and - initiated by Queen Marie Friederike - the Zoller memorial stone in Münnerstädter Strasse were erected.
_%E2%80%93_20120908-010.JPG)
In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71, two men from Winkels died on the battlefield, Josef Beck and Josef Pflöschner. Winkels did not profit from the monetary payments that Kaiser Wilhelm I made to Bavaria as part of the Kaiserbrief .
In October 1880 a volunteer fire brigade was formed in Winkels. It was first used on February 5, 1882, when the town hall, today's state vocational school, caught fire.
On July 21, 1908, the gymnastics club father Jahn was founded; its activities came to a standstill for ten years in 1936 by the National Socialists .
In 1909 , a Lourdes grotto, donated by the couple Lorenz and Maria Zwirlein, was built on the road between the Winkelser Friedhof and the St. Bonifatius Church, which was later built in 1937 . On March 19, 1908 ( Joseph's Day ), Lorenz Zwirlein broke his leg and, together with his wife, vowed to donate a Lourdes grotto on his property in the event of his recovery until the spring sowing. Later, Hermann and Reinhilde Zwirlein, the children of the donor couple, took over the care of the grotto.
First World War and Weimar Republic
According to the community's chronicle of honor for the First World War , created in 1933, 14 men from Winkels died on the battlefield; The EK II was awarded 28 times .
According to a circular dated November 24, 1922, "the inexorably increasing inflation made it necessary [...] to take extraordinary emergency measures for the pensioners of the invalidity and employee insurance". Since the community's financial means were not sufficient over the years to meet the requests for welfare support, the applicants asked the clergy Albert Susann from Bad Kissingen for help in 1932 ; but its possibilities were also limited.
National Socialism and World War II
As a result of the enabling laws, Julius Neumann, a Jewish textile merchant from Bad Kissingen and residing in Winkels, was arrested on March 24, 1933 for Marxist and communist activities. Despite proven innocence, he was arrested again on September 24, 1940, sentenced to sewer cleaning and street sweeping; his textiles were confiscated.
On April 24, 1942 Neumann was deported with other Jewish citizens of Bad Kissingen to Würzburg and later on the third deportation train of the Würzburg Gestapo to the Izbica Ghetto near Lublin. On June 30, 1942, the Bad Kissingen district court recorded his death date on the same date in the Bad Kissingen residents' registration files.
In September 1934, the Kissingen district office set up a post office in Winkels that was connected to the telephone network; at the same time a land power post connection should be opened.
As of January 1, 1936, no Aryan women under the age of 45 were allowed to work for Jewish employers; As a result of this ban, many young women from Winkels also lost their jobs. The preparations for war reached Winkels when on March 31, 1939 the Winkels conscripts born in 1906 and 1907 were drafted. At the end of 1939, the adoption of regulations to regulate the consumption of food and consumer goods began in Winkels.
_%E2%80%93_20120909-045.JPG)
On June 1, 1942, the Jew Emil Weber was arrested on suspicion of black slaughter. He died in Nuremberg prison on October 29, 1942 at the age of 56; the cause of his death is unknown. His body showed signs of abuse.
On April 3, 1945, residents of Winkels, Resi Geis and Elisabeth Fuchsstadt, were eyewitnesses to the execution of a young soldier from Münnerstadt by the district court, Captain Helm, on Kapellenstrasse 37. He was accused of looting bomb victims. His body hung at the place of execution for two to three days until an unknown person buried him on the spot.
A memorial for the victims of the First and Second World Wars from Winkels was erected right next to the St. Boniface Church .
Winkels after 1945
A questionnaire on denazification on March 5, 1946 showed that around 150 citizens of Winkels had a Nazi past; among them were 51 former NSDAP members. All those affected, including Mayor Hermann Albert, were spared serious consequences such as imprisonment.
After the American military government had declared Father Jahn's gymnastics club dissolved on November 14, 1945, the Winkels gymnastics and sports club was established on April 27, 1946. Many established members of the past were banned from participating in club life as part of denazification. In 1949 the club was renamed Father Jahn again . On January 26, 1952, the district representative, Rhönturn father Leonhard Müller, presented the gymnastics club with an elaborately designed club chronicle. This emphasized Winkels' endeavor to achieve independence from Bad Kissingen.
On October 1, 1953, the water supply network from Winkels was connected to the Rhön Main Valley Water Supply Association.
On November 22nd, 1956, the Bad Kissingen offer to "incorporate" Winkels was unanimously rejected by the Winkels town council.
A revision of the local law on January 8, 1959 suspended all local police regulations and local penal regulations, as well as the reinforced and non-reinforced statutes, passed before January 1, 1957.
In 1963 Federal President Heinrich Lübke stayed with his wife for a cure in Bad Kissingen; Heinz Weber, a citizen of Winkels, became his bodyguard for the next ten years.
On August 5, 1965, the Lord Mayor of Bad Kissingen, Hans Weiß , explained to the local councils of Winkels what advantages a union of Winkels and Bad Kissingen would bring. On December 6, 1965, the Winkels municipal council passed a resolution on incorporation, which was reversed on August 19, 1966.
From September 6, 1966, Winkels no longer had its own school; the children from Winkels were now taught in the Bad Kissinger elementary school.
For Winkels, 1968 is considered the year of rural upheaval: Fewer and fewer citizens of Winkels went into farming; the canal and road system were expanded extensively; more and more fields were sold as building sites; the square meter price cost 55 to 65 DM and rose to 300 to 400 DM within the next 15 years.
As part of the forthcoming local government reform of 1972, the Winkels town council discussed the merger's contract with Lord Mayor Hans Weiß, town planning director Robert Kreitmair and town director Georg Streng on July 14, 1971. On October 10, 1971, a trial vote had a result of seven to two in favor of inclusion. With the same result, the local council voted on December 3, 1971 for incorporation of Winkels into Bad Kissingen on July 1, 1972; the last meeting of the Winkels municipal council took place on June 30, 1972.
_%E2%80%93_20120909-063.JPG)
The Winkelsers themselves were skeptical of the incorporation; they feared a threat to the local prosperity. However, through the incorporation, trade and industry could settle and residential buildings could be built; Winkels could not have made the necessary investments on its own. In the meantime, incorporation in Winkels is generally accepted.
As part of the 750th anniversary celebration in 1997, a village fountain was built in the center of Winkels. Small sculptures are attached to the fountain, which remind of important stations in the history of the place.
In April 2011, the Landshut- based Bavarian Dairy Industry (BMI) decided to close its dairy production facility in Winkels despite capacity and black figures and to move production to the branch in Zapfendorf near Bamberg . Nine of the original 55 employees accepted the offer to continue working in Zapfendorf; An early retirement scheme has been found for three other workers. In September 2012, the date for the closure was determined to be October 31, 2012. Production in the Winkels plant was then extended at short notice and only closed at the end of November. The reason for this was delays in the dairy plant in Zapfendorf.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1500 | 180 |
| 1525 | 120 |
| 1568 | 65 |
| 1618-1648 | 70 |
| 1700 | 95 |
| 1796 | 128 |
| 1802 | 130 |
| 1810 | 128 |
| 1815 | 135 |
| 1830 | 169 |
| 1848 | about 180 |
| 1852 | 214 |
| 1855 | 211 |
| 1866 | 261 |
| 1870/71 | 262 |
| 1875 | 270 |
| 1880 | 325 |
| 1885 | 377 |
| 1890 | 408 |
| 1895 | 297 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1900 | 325 |
| 1902 | 320 |
| 1914-1918 | 310 |
| 1919 | 333 |
| 1928 | 406 |
| 1933 | 485 |
| 1935 | 495 |
| 1939-1945 | 507 |
| 1946 | 660 |
| 1948 | 528 |
| 1950 | 656 |
| 1955 | 657 |
| 1960 | 699 |
| 1965 | 681 |
| 1970 | 800 |
| 1972 | 872 |
| 1975 | 1100 |
| 1980 | 1319 |
| 1985 | 1426 |
| 1st of January 2014 | 1,327 |
Buildings
Zoller memorial stone
_%E2%80%93_20140928-011.jpg)
The Zoller memorial stone was erected in honor of the royal Bavarian Lieutenant General Oskar von Zoller , who died in the Battle of Kissingen on July 10, 1866 as part of the German War .
The Bavarian Queen Marie , born Princess of Prussia, was particularly affected by Zoller's fate and commissioned the sculptor Michael Arnold to create a memorial for Zoller. After Arnold's proposal for a broken column as a Zoller memorial stone was rejected, an alternative design from October 1866 with a cross on a rock found the approval of the Queen.
After the exact place of death could be determined at the urgent request of Queen Zollers, the memorial was inaugurated on November 17, 1866; Michael Arnold received a fee of 130 guilders.
Fallen memorial
In 1867 the city towards today was Nüdlingen located war memorial , probably from Kissinger sculptor Michael Arnold , made. Soldiers of the 19th Poznan Infantry Regiment are buried in the grave complex.
St Boniface Church
_%E2%80%93_20120909-005.JPG)
The initiative to build the St. Boniface Church based on a floor plan by the architect Carl Krampf came from the chaplain from Winkels, Father Franz Denner. The construction was financed by a church building fund to which the farmer Johann Metz bequeathed his entire property in 1894.
The foundation stone for the church, which was built according to plans by Eugen Altendörfer from Würzburg , took place on April 25, 1937; it was inaugurated on December 12, 1937 by Bishop Matthias Ehrenfried . On May 26, 1947, on the initiative of the Bad Kissingen church administration, the St. Bonifatius branch church foundation was established with start-up capital of 1,000 RM .
Right next to the church there is a memorial for the victims of the First and Second World Wars . The names of the victims of the world wars from Winkels are noted on panels on the memorial.
From June to October 2011, renovation work took place on the roof of the church.
Personalities
mayor
| Surname | Term of office |
|---|---|
| Simon Reuss, mayor | 1820 |
| Johann Zwirlein | 1845 |
| Johann Borst | 1863-1869 |
| Josef Behr | 1870-1875 |
| Johann Metz | 1876-1881 |
| Georg Adam Zwirlein | 1882-1900 |
| Johann Hippler | 1901-1905 |
| Georg Werner | 1906-1911 |
| Johann Zwirlein | 1912-1923 |
| Josef Bünner | 1924-1932 |
| Hermann Albert | 1933-1945 |
| Local election on January 27, 1946 | |
| Rudolf Zwirlein | 1946-1951 |
| Edmund Bünner | 1952-1966 |
| Franz Karbacher | 1967-1972 |
Honorary citizen
- Anton Kaspar Wirsing, (born October 26, 1862, † February 4, 1946). Anton Kaspar Wirsing and his wife Anna Wirsing (née Götting, born April 14, 1870, † June 29, 1943) ran the Haus Wirsing spa and donated their assets to church and charitable purposes; the Wirsing couple is buried in the Bad Kissingen chapel cemetery.
literature
- The construction of the St. Bonifatius Church in Winkels 1936/37 , in: Franz Warmuth: 100 Years of the Herz Jesu Parish Bad Kissingen - Contribution to the history of the Parish Bad Kissingen. Bad Kissingen 1984, pp. 68-70
- Edi Hahn: Bad Kissingen: District of Winkels 1247–1972, 725 years of village history by EDI HAHN , Bad Kissingen 1985, ISBN 3-925722-00-9
- Thomas Ahnert and Peter Weidisch (eds.): 25 years of the large district town of Bad Kissingen - A city magazine , Bad Kissingen, Verlag Stadt Bad Kissingen, 1997. ISBN 3-00-001787-9
- Werner Eberth : Michael Arnold. A sculptor of the late classicism . Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2001
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 427 .
- ^ "Valentin-Weidner-Werk discovered" - "Saale-Zeitung" article from July 22, 2012
- ↑ a b Werner Eberth: Michael Arnold - A Sculptor of Late Classicism , Theresienbrunnen-Verlag Bad Kissingen, 2001, p. 50ff. and 210
- ↑ Thomas Ahnert and Peter Weidisch (eds.): 25 years of the large district town of Bad Kissingen - A city magazine , Bad Kissingen, Verlag Stadt Bad Kissingen, 1997. ISBN 3-00-001787-9 , p. 155ff.
- ↑ Quark production in Bad Kissingen is discontinued - "Saale-Zeitung" article from September 12, 2012
- ^ " Work will continue for a short time - closure postponed: Kissinger Milchwerke will still produce until the end of November" - "Main Post" article from October 26, 2012
- ↑ a b Unless otherwise stated, the data come from Edi Hahn's Bad Kissingen: District Winkels 1247 - 1972, 725 years of village history by EDI HAHN , Bad Kissingen 1985, p. 186
- ↑ PDF (19 kB)
- ^ Edi Hahn: Bad Kissingen: District Winkels 1247 - 1972, 725 years of village history by EDI HAHN , Bad Kissingen 1985, p. 187
Albertshausen | Arnshausen | Bad Kissingen | Garitz | Hausen | Kleinbrach | Poppenroth | Reiterswiesen | Angle