Swantibor I.

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Swantibor I. , after another count Swantibor III. (* around 1351 ; † June 21, 1413 ) was a Duke of Pomerania-Stettin from the Greifenhaus and temporarily governor of the Middle Mark .

Life and accomplishments

Swantibor I was a son of Duke Barnim III. the founder of the church (around 1303-1368), who ruled in the Pomeranian partial duchy of Pomerania-Stettin , and his wife Agnes, the daughter of Duke Heinrich II of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen. After the death of Barnim III. in 1368 his three surviving sons Casimir III took over . , Swantibor I. and Bogislaw VII. Jointly rule in Pomerania-Stettin.

When they came to power, there was war between Denmark under King Waldemar IV (around 1321-1375) on the one hand and the Hanseatic League and its allies, especially Duke Albrecht II of Mecklenburg, on the other ( Second Waldemark War ). While the late Duke Barnim III. had stepped on the side of Denmark, his three sons made peace on November 7, 1368 with Duke Albrecht II of Mecklenburg and were neutral towards Denmark. But by doing this they already came into opposition to Margrave Otto the Lazy of Brandenburg, who was on Denmark's side. In the following years there were therefore armed conflicts with Brandenburg. During the siege of Königsberg in Neumark in 1372, Duke Casimir III fell.

After the death of their brother, Swantibor I and Bogislaw VII ruled together, with Swantibor I now playing the leading role. Duke Swantibor was faced with the challenge of preserving the position of the Duchy of Pomerania , which had been split up into several partial duchies , especially in relation to the Margraviate of Brandenburg . When Emperor Charles IV (1316–1378) wanted to win the Mark Brandenburg for his family, Swantibor initially feared that Emperor Karl would also assert old rights of Brandenburg supremacy over Pomerania. So did all the Pomeranian dukes on May 17, 1373, besides Swantibor I and his brother Bogislaw VII, these were Wartislaw VI, who ruled in Pomerania-Wolgast . and Bogislaw VI. as well as Bogislaw V , who ruled in Western Pomerania , and the Bishop of Cammin worked together to protect their interests and their common property. When Emperor Charles IV won Brandenburg for his family through the Fürstenwalder Treaty (August 15, 1373), on the contrary, he established friendly relations with the Pomeranian dukes, certainly also for family reasons, as he was his fourth marriage to Elisabeth von Pomeranian married. Above all, the emperor attracted Swantibor, who occasionally took part in imperial business and served as royal court judge.

The situation in the interior of Pomerania was and remained shattered. The dukes were enemies with the cities and suffered from financial difficulties due to ongoing feuds .

Relations with the Teutonic Order were changeable. In 1388 Swantibor and his brother Bogislaw VII entered the service of the order for some time. Later came the break, tried as Swantibor, his son Otto II. To the Archbishop of Riga to make; this against the will of the order, which supported Johannes von Wallenrode as archbishop. It was not until 1403 that Swantibor and his brother made peace with the order. At the Battle of Tannenberg (1410) Swantibor even had a Pomeranian contingent under the leadership of his son Casimir V (VI) participate on the side of the order. The battle ended in the Order's defeat; Casimir was captured by the Polish victors, but soon released.

After Karl's son Sigismund (1368–1437) pledged the Mark Brandenburg to Jobst von Moravia (1351–1411) in 1388 , there were repeated armed conflicts between Swantibor and Jobst. Swantibor stood on the side of King Wenceslaus (1361-1419) and received from him the rule of Beeskow.

In 1409 there was a compromise between Swantibor and Jobst of Moravia and the latter appointed Swantibor as governor of the Middle Mark . As a result, Swantibor got into disputes with the local nobility, who had previously supported him. In addition, in 1411 the burgrave Friedrich VI. of Nuremberg, later as Elector of Brandenburg Friedrich I , appointed by King Sigismund as Supreme Captain and administrator of the brands. Swantibor held on to his office as governor of the Mittelmark, but withdrew in 1412 and left the government to his sons. Now there were armed conflicts between them and Friedrich, including the battle at Kremmer Damm , in which Swantibor's sons Otto II and Casimir V. fought. In the midst of this armed conflict, Duke Swantibor I died on June 21, 1413. He was buried in the Kolbatz monastery .

According to the judgment of the historian Martin Wehrmann (1861–1937) "[Duke Swantibor] seems to have been an energetic, capable man, but due to the unfortunate conditions in his country, he could not achieve anything lasting."

family

Swantibor I married Anna in 1374, the daughter of Burgrave Albrecht the Fair of Nuremberg. The marriage had four children:

  • Otto II. (* Around 1380; † 1428), ruled Pomerania-Stettin after the death of his father together with his brother Casimir V.
  • Albrecht († before 1412), died before his father
  • Casimir V. (VI.) (* After 1380; † 1434) ruled Pomerania-Stettin after the death of his father together with his brother Otto II, after his death alone
  • Margaretha, married Duke Ulrich I of Mecklenburg-Stargard

count

The counting of the members of the Greifenhaus has always been involved. There has been an inequality here from age that causes some confusion. The more modern approach basically only counts those relatives of the closer Greifenhaus who have reached adulthood . Then this Swantibor is counted as Swantibor I. If, on the other hand, one counts all members of the Greifenhaus, then the count is Swantibor III. which was found in the older literature and can still be found, for example, in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie .

See also

literature

Footnotes

  1. ^ Gottfried von Bülow :  Otto II. (And Casimir VI.) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 785-787.
  2. ↑ Martin Wehrmann :  Swantibor III . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 54, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1908, p. 641.
  3. ^ Martin Wehrmann : Genealogy of the Pomeranian ducal house. Leon Sauniers Buchhandlung Verlag, Stettin 1937, p. 15.
personal data
SURNAME Swantibor I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Swantibor III.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Pomerania-Stettin, governor of the Central Mark
DATE OF BIRTH around 1351
DATE OF DEATH June 21, 1413