General German weapon ring
The Allgemeine Deutsche Waffenring ( ADW ) was an amalgamation of several umbrella organizations of striking student associations for the supra-local coordination and representation of the specific interests of the arms student community . It existed - with changing membership - from 1919 until its self-dissolution in 1935 and during this time it had considerable influence in the general student committees (AStA) as well as in their umbrella association German student body .
History of origin
As early as 1913, the Kösener Seniors Convents Association (KSCV) of the Corps , the Representative Convent of the Turnerschaften (VC), the German Landsmannschaft and the German Burschenschaft (DB) had the Marburg Agreement after years of negotiations for the “purpose of combating real injuries and Elimination of the disrepute "closed. This agreement is considered to be the first cross-association agreement of this kind and, among other things, formed the basis for the first local arms rings . A comparable agreement was signed on February 19, 1914 in the Kaiserkeller in Frankfurt by representatives of the Weinheim Senior Citizens' Convention , the Rüdesheim Association of German Fraternities and the Representative Convention for the three most important associations represented at technical universities. However, a fixed supra-regional merger did not come about during the First World War .
From 1917 press attacks against the corporations and especially against the honorary standpoint of the hitting connections increased. On August 7, 1919, the first Weapons Students Day took place at the Salia gymnastics club in Jena , where representatives of the corps, country teams and gymnastics associations founded the ADW.
This establishment prompted the Association of German Student Associations (VVDSt), the Academic Gymnastics Association and the Sondershäuser Association to form the Black Ring , while the German Burschenschaft, as a signatory to the Marburg Agreement, also stayed away from the ADW and tried to act as an intermediary between the two groups.
On the fringes of the Erlangen Student Day of the German Student Union , she succeeded in bringing about the Erlangen Association and Honorary Agreement , on the basis of which the other obligatory and satisfaction-giving associations finally joined the ADW at the Rudolstadt Weapons Students Day in 1922 . In the mid-1920s, the ADW saw the joint lobbying as one of its most important tasks in defending against the planned reform of the criminal law, which was to be accompanied by a tightening of the criminal law provisions against the Mensur. The special committee set up for this purpose was headed by Hermann Kreth .
Politicization, division and dissolution in 1935
Although the ADW was founded mainly as a "special purpose association to represent the interests of the weapons students", according to the founding program it should not only deal with questions of reputation and the elaboration of a cross-association order of honor (adopted in 1923), but at the same time "völkisch-patriotic work through care of the Doing honor and defense in the student body ”. In this political goal, he was soon surpassed by the German University Ring, especially since the latter was also open to non-hitting and non-incorporated students. Nonetheless, the weapons students organized in the ADW and the local arms rings represented a significant factor in the local AStA and in the German student body due to their closed appearance .
Politically, most of the associations agreed on their nationalism, their anti-Semitism and their negative attitude towards the Weimar Republic . Serious differences of opinion did not arise within the ADW until the final phase of the republic, when the upswing of the NSDStB challenged the beating associations to comment. In April 1931, the ADW and NSDStB, which had a large number of double memberships in their university groups, agreed the Erfurt Agreement on the weapons student day in Erfurt , in which the mutual interests were regulated. The two associations agreed as far as possible on the AStA elections. In protest against the increasing politicization of the ADW, the Kösener SC-Verband temporarily left the association in 1932, which one year later incorporated the Aryan paragraph into its statutes. After the National Socialists came to power, the ADW was also brought into line and after the introduction of the "Führer principle", the association director Walter Langhoff was appointed "Führer" of the ADW. Under his leadership, an ADW federal law was passed at the Goslar Weapons Student Day on June 30, 1933, according to which all affiliated associations should provide evidence of the " freedom of Jews " by their members by February 28, 1934 on a form. However, it remained controversial whether this should be done according to the provisions of the law for the restoration of the professional civil service or the broader principles of the NSDAP for the admission of party members. Since no agreement could be reached on this, the advocates of the hard line - DB, VC, Deutsche Sängerschaft (DS) and a few others - also left the ADW at the end of 1934 and founded their own Völkischer Waffenring . This split, which, according to the founding declaration, “only (should) belong to those associations which do not tolerate any ethnic Jewish origin, Jewish relatives or members of lodges, orders or their successor organizations” , only existed for a few months (December 1934 to April 1935). The associations with a less restrictive stance (Corps, Landsmannschaften and the connections in Miltenberger Ring) countered on January 12, 1935 by founding the community of student associations under the leadership of State Secretary Hans Heinrich Lammers , which was recognized by the NSDStB as the overall representative of the student associations . With that the ADW (but also the Völkische Waffenring) had been "depoliticized" again and only dealt with fencing issues. VC and DS returned to the ADW. Lammers dissolved the community of student associations in September 1935 because some Kösener corps had not implemented the Aryan resolutions.
The ADW itself was dissolved on October 15, 1935. A revival after the Second World War did not take place because the "unconditional satisfaction with the weapon" had become obsolete. In a certain sense, however, the Andernach Working Group (AGA) can be regarded as the successor organization , which in the 1950s took care of the clarification of legal issues relating to the scale ( Göttingen scale process ) and the abolition of the student duel .
Members
| No. | Corporation association | entry | exit | Members (WS 1923/24) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kösener Seniors Convent Association (KSCV) | 1919 (founder) | until dissolution | 123 |
| 2 | German Landsmannschaft (DL) | 1919 (founder) | until dissolution | 95 |
| 3 | Representative Convent (VC) | 1919 (founder) | 1934 | 75 |
| 4th | Rudolstadt Senior Citizens' Convention (RSC) | 1919 | until dissolution | 45 |
| 5 | Weinheim Senior Citizens' Convention (WSC) | 1920 | until dissolution | 53 |
| 6th | General German Burschenbund (ADB) | 1921 | 1934 | 44 |
| 7th | German Armed Forces (DW) | 1921 | 1934 | 33 |
| 8th | German fraternity (DB) | 1922 | October 27, 1934 | 166 |
| 9 | German Singers (DS) | 1922 | October 1934 | 36 |
| 10 | Special Houses Association (SV) | 1922 | ? | 27 |
| 11 | Academic Gymnastics Federation (ATB) | 1922 | ? | 45 |
| 12 | Academic Rowing Association (ARB) | 1922 | ? | 11 |
| 13 | Academic Sailing Association (Kartell) | 1922 | ? | 4th |
| 14th | Association of German Student Associations (KV) | 1922 | ? | 41 |
| 15th | Miltenberger Ring (MR) | 1920 | until dissolution | 7th |
| 16 | Rothenburg Association of Black Associations (RVSV) | 1922 | ? | 14th |
| 17th | Wernigeroder Association (WV) | 1922 | 1933 | 4th |
| 18th | Special Houses Association (SV) | 1922 | ? | ? |
| 19th | Naumburg Deputy Convent (NDC) | 1923 | 1934 | 17th |
| 20th | Association of Academic Sports Associations (VASpV) | 1927 | ? | - |
| 21st | Werniger or Black Ring | 1933 | ? | - |
| 22nd | Old boyhood ring | 1934 | ? | - |
| 23 | Ring of the gymnastics associations | 1934 | ? | - |
Remarks
- ↑ Resignation in 1932, re-entry in 1934
- ↑ a b Foundation of the VWR
- ↑ a b Foundation of the VWR. March 1935 member of the ADW again
- ↑ Fusion with the Black Ring to form the Werniger or Black Ring
- ↑ Arose from a merger of the Wernigeroder Association and the Black Ring (SR)
- ^ Association of ADW-loyal fraternities after the founding of the VWR
- ^ Association of ADW-loyal gymnasts after the founding of the VWR
swell
The ADW archive is located in the Kösener archive of the Institute for University Studies at the University of Würzburg (inventory B 6).
literature
- ADW paperback. General German weapon ring . German academic publishing house, Vienna 1925
- Friedrich Schulze, Paul Ssymank : The German student body from the oldest times to the present . 4th edition. Verlag für Hochschulkunde, Munich 1932.
- Harald Lönnecker , The Assembly of the Better National Socialists? - The Völkische weapons ring between anti-Semitism and corporative elitism , in past and present ., Vol 48 (2003), pp 227-245 with a comment by Alfred Tullen, pp 246-250 and replica f S. 250th
Web links
- Search for Allgemeiner Deutscher Waffenring in the German Digital Library
- Search for Allgemeiner Deutscher Waffenring in the SPK digital portal of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
Individual evidence
- ^ Gerhard Gmeiner: Waffenring and Hochschulring . In: Deutsche Corps-Zeitung 38 (1921/22), p. 10f.
- ^ Michael H. Kater: Student Union and Right-Wing Radicalism in Germany 1918-1933. A socio-historical study on the educational crisis in the Weimar Republic . Hamburg 1975, p. 141.
- ^ Deutsche Corpszeitung, Volume 40 (1924), No. 11/12
- ↑ Harald Lönnecker : The assembly of the "better National Socialists"? The Völkischer Waffenring (VWR) between anti-Semitism and corporate elitism . Frankfurt am Main 2003, p. 21, as PDF .