Věteřov culture

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Věteřov culture
Age : Bronze Age - Early Bronze Age to Middle Bronze Age
Absolutely : 1800 BC Chr. - 1500 BC Chr.

Relative : A2 to B1

expansion
North: Western Slovakia, Lower Austria north of the Danube
South: Boheimkirchen
West: Enns
East: Wienerwald, March
Leitforms

barrel-shaped cups with lobed feet; two-handled bowls, amphorae, bowls and jugs

The Věteřov cultural group is a Bronze Age culture that can be assigned to the period from the transition of the Early Bronze Age to the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age , named after the place Věteřov (Wieterschau) in southeast Moravia . The term Věteřov culture was coined by the prehistorian Karel Tihelka in 1958.

Distribution area

The core area of ​​the Věteřov culture includes northern Lower Austria as well as southwest Slovakia and southern Moravia . The south-easternmost Bavarian region may also be considered an area of ​​influence. Due to the widespread (eponymous) sites and probably also the influences of the precursor cultures, the following cultural groups differ within the relevant cultural complex:

The term Věteřov culture has established itself in Moravia and the distribution area north of the Danube in Lower Austria. The Aunjetitz culture can be seen as a forerunner in this area .

In Lower Austria, south of the Danube, remnants of a fortified, city-like hilltop settlement were discovered during rescue excavations in Böheimkirchen between 1973 and 1974 . The Böheimkirchen group as a subgroup of the Věteřov cultural group is named after the place where it was found . This culture follows the Unterwölblinger group chronologically .

In the distribution area of ​​southwest Slovakia, the Věteřov cultural group is also known as the Mad'arovce culture . The Aunjetitz culture is also regarded as a forerunner in this area.

Stages of development

Based on finds in the Großweikersdorf area , three essential stages of development were identified. The oldest stage is the transition horizon from the Aunjetitz culture to the Věteřov culture in stage A2 ( early Bronze Age , 2000–1600 BC), followed by the classical phase in which the Věteřov culture experienced its heyday (towards the end of the Level A2 of the Early Bronze Age, around 1600 BC). The "late Věteřov phase" lies at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age (level B1, 1600–1500 BC).

Subsequently, from the Věteřov culture under the influence of southeast influences the "mitteldonauländische developed tumuli culture " of the Middle Bronze Age .

Agriculture and hunting

Findings from archaeological investigations on the Buhuberg from the years 1981–1983 provide information about livestock husbandry (proven: dogs, cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and domestic horses) and about types of grain ( dwarf wheat , seed wheat, six-row barley ) that were common at the time , Naked barley), which were already familiar to the bearers of the Věteřov culture. Also on the menu of the Bronze Age inhabitants of Buhuberg were catfish , wild carp , river and pond clams (e.g. painter clams ), which were probably fished from the nearest March , as well as wild animals (evidenced by the remains of hunting prey): aurochs , wild boars , wolves , Mallards , cranes and pond turtles .

Craft and cultural technology

Amphora of the Věteřov culture, Krahuletz Museum, Eggenburg (Lower Austria)

The pottery of the Věteřov culture is characterized by handles, flap-like feet, warts and clay strips that can be found on the various types of vessels (pots, cups, amphorae , bowls, beakers, sieve vessels ). So far, one can only speculate about the intended use of perforated, clay censer as well as so-called bread loafs . It was the custom among the potters of this culture to completely, shiny, polish cups, jugs and amphorae. Decorations on the vessels (plastic elements, incisions, punctures, ...) were common. Finds of clay spindle whorls and loom weights (from settlement areas in Moravia and Großweikersdorf) testify to knowledge of weaving.

Bronze objects were made by myself. Numerous finds of mainly stone molds for tools, weapons, jewelry and other finished products, as well as for metal bars, at numerous sites of individual settlements of the Věteřov culture testify to this. There is also ample evidence that devices made from bone, antler and stone were common. The technical functionality of the wheel was also known.

Cranial operations testify to corresponding medical actions.

Important sites in Lower Austria

literature

Web links

Commons : Věteřov culture  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Věteřov culture in Wissen.de
  2. ↑ Ernst Probst: The Věteřov culture and the Böheimkirchener group. 2011, p. 17.
  3. ^ Alfredo Riedel: Archaeozoological investigations on the bone finds from the Věteřov culture of Böheimkirchen (Lower Austria). In: Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna. Row A: Mineralogy, Petrology, Geology, Paleontology, Archeozoology, Anthropology, Prehistory. Volume 99, 1998, ISSN  0255-0091 , pp. 341-374 ( online at verlag.nhm-wien.ac.at (PDF; 2.8 MB)).
  4. ↑ Nussdorf od Traisen municipality; Primeval Museum
  5. ^ Johannes-Wolfgang Neugebauer: Bronze Age in Eastern Austria. 1994, p. 121.
  6. ↑ Erich Pucher: Animal bones from the Bronze Age of the Buhuberg (Lower Austria). In: Scientific reports from the Lower Austrian State Museum. Volume 4, 1987, ZDB -ID 2054723-7 , pp. 11-35 ( PDF (2.5 MB) on ZOBODAT ).
  7. ↑ Ernst Probst: Austria in the Early Bronze Age. 2011, p. 132 f.
  8. ↑ Ernst Probst: The Věteřov culture and the Böheimkirchener group. 2011, p. 18.
  9. ↑ Ernst Probst: Austria in the Early Bronze Age. 2011, p. 133 ff.
  10. ↑ Ernst Probst: Austria in the Early Bronze Age. 2011, p. 137.
  11. ↑ Ernst Probst: Austria in the Early Bronze Age. 2011, p. 138 f.
  12. ↑ Ernst Probst: Austria in the Early Bronze Age. 2011, p. 130.