Treaty of Copenhagen (1709)
Alliance treaties
Preobrazhenskoe (1699) • Dresden (1699) • Narva (1704) • Dresden (1709) • Thorn (1709) • Copenhagen (1709) • Hanover (1710) • Lutsk (1711) • Adrianople (1713) • Schwedt (1713) • Stettin (1715) • Berlin (1715) • Greifswald (1715)
Peace treaties
Traventhal (1700) • Warsaw (1705) • Altranstädt (1706) • Pruth (1711) • Frederiksborg (1720) • Stockholm (1719) • Stockholm (1720) • Nystad (1721) • Stockholm (1729)
Surrenders
The alliance treaty of Copenhagen in 1709 was a Danish - Russian offensive and protective alliance and became on October 11th jul. / October 22nd 1709 greg. in the Danish capital Copenhagen between the Danish King Frederick IV. and the Russian Tsar Peter I closed. The treaty was a renewal of the alliance treaty concluded between Denmark-Norway and Russia in 1699.
prehistory
With the renewal of the alliance treaty with Saxony and Denmark's commitment to also sign an alliance treaty with Russia against Sweden , negotiations began after the Epiphany in Berlin.
The negotiators of the treaty
The tsar commissioned his ambassador to Denmark, Prince Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov , to negotiate the details of the agreement together with the negotiator of Denmark, Otto Grabbe.
The contract
In the treaty, Denmark terminated the Peace of Traventhal . Denmark committed to attack the Swedish province of Skåne from Norway that autumn . In addition, the Danish fleet should employ the Swedish flotillas in their own waters so that Russia could expand its fleet undisturbed.
Russia undertook to invade the Swedish provinces of Finland and Livonia as well as - together with the Saxons - in Poland. Both monarchs undertook to support August the Strong to the best of their ability in regaining Polish royal dignity.
In addition, the signatories committed themselves not to conduct separate peace negotiations during the further struggle against Sweden. Only if both contracting parties and Saxony agreed to a peace negotiation, this should take place. The main aim of the treaty was to push Sweden back into its "old borders" (before the Great Northern War ). The treaty provided for the Kingdom of Prussia to be included in the alliance against Sweden if the Prussian King Frederick I so wished.
In a secret addendum to the treaty, the two states undertake to mutually defend the territories already conquered and won in the course of the war against Sweden to the best of their ability.
The consequences
In November 1709 the Danes marched into Skåne. But they were defeated by the Swedish field marshal Magnus Stenbock and had to retire in 1710. Denmark conquered the Swedish duchies of Verden and Bremen in the summer of 1712.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Illustration of the alliance treaty of Copenhagen (original document). Retrieved June 2, 2015 .
- ↑ General German real encyclopedia for the educated classes. Volume 7. 1827, p. 906 .
literature
- General German real encyclopedia for the educated classes. (Conversations Lexicon). Volume 7: M to N. 7. Original edition. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1827.
- Evgenii V. Anisimov: The reforms of Peter the Great. Progress through coercion in Russia (= The New Russian history. ). ME Sharpe, Armonk NY et al. 1993, ISBN 1-56324-047-5 , p. 125.