Altranstädter Peace

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The Altranstädter Friede was during the Great Northern War on September 24, 1706 in the castle of Altranstädt between the Swedish King Karl XII. and the Elector of Saxony August II .

negotiation

After the military defeat in the Battle of Fraustadt and the occupation of Saxony by Swedish troops, Saxony had to sign the dictated peace of Altranstädt after only 14 days of negotiations . Saxon had little room for maneuver, because Karl XII. had set the renunciation of the Wettins to the Polish crown as an unalterable negotiating premise. The contract was signed that day by the Swedish negotiators Carl Piper and Olof Hermelin and the Saxon negotiators Imhoff and Pentecost. In an additional protocol they assured the recognition of the contract by August II within six months.

content

Peace treaty in Altranstädt Palace
Peace Room in Altranstädt Palace
  • Art. 1: Eternal peace and sincere friendship [between Charles XII. of Sweden, Stanislaus I of Poland and Friedrich August (II.) of Saxony].
  • Art. 2: All those involved renounced claims for damages: " Should all damage which both parts of the pacific suffered in this war be forgotten forever "
  • Art. 3: Friedrich August von Sachsen renounces the Polish crown and hands over Poland and Lithuania with all rights to Stanislaus. Stanislaus I is recognized as a true and legitimate king.
  • Art. 4: Formalities for delivery of the certificate of abdication. Friedrich August renounces activities against Stanislaus.
  • Art. 5: The against Karl XII. Alliances directed by Frederick Augustus must be abandoned, especially those with the Tsar of Moscow.
  • Art. 6: Repeal of certain decrees and statutes defined in the contract.
  • Art. 7: The Polish crown and the insignia that are kept in Saxony must be left to Stanislaus.
  • Art. 8–12: Provisions on prisoners, defectors and traitors and the extradition provisions of Johann Reinhold von Patkul .
  • Art. 13: Regulations on standards, flags, guns.
  • Art. 14: Colonel Görtz is to be rehabilitated
  • Art. 15: Provisions on the maintenance of the Swedish troops stationed in Saxony, winter quarters and the withdrawal of troops.
  • Art. 16: Evacuation of the cities and fortresses of Kraków and Tykocin .
  • Art. 17: Regulations on Leipzig and Wittenberg .
  • Art. 18: Ending hostilities in Saxony and the electoral lands.
  • Art. 19: Regulations on religion and denomination.
  • Art. 20: Provisions on assistance in the event of an attack on Saxony.
  • Art. 21: Declaration on guarantees of peace and the admission of other sovereigns, namely the Emperor, Great Britain, the Netherlands and other powers.
  • Art. 22: Provisions on the execution of instruments and ratification.

Acknowledgment by August

August II, who was held in Poland by the ongoing fighting, only found out in October that the contract was so unfavorable for him. Contrary to the ceasefire regulations, he defeated a Swedish gentleman together with Russia on October 29 at the Battle of Kalisch and on November 19, in a manifesto, denied peace any legal force. However, August II did not receive support from other European courts. On December 1, 1706, Charles XII met. and August II. in Günthersdorf (near Altranstädt). Charles XII. unyielding attitude forced August II to recognize the contract with his signature on January 19, 1707. The treaty was guaranteed by Prussia and the naval powers Great Britain and the Netherlands . This ended the personal union of Saxony-Poland for the time being .

consequences

The electorate remained occupied, it had to provide for the maintenance of the Swedish army and pay contributions, 500,000 thalers a month in cash and 125,000 thalers in kind. The Swedish occupation cost Saxony about 23 million thalers and lasted a year.

After the Swedish defeat against Russia in July 1709 in the Battle of Poltava , August II continued the war at the side of the Tsar. On August 8, 1709, he withdrew his signature from the Altranstädter Peace and was released from the contract by the Pope.

From a European perspective, the success of the Altranstädt Peace, together with the Altranstädt Convention of 1707, consisted in the fact that the two great wars of that time, the War of the Spanish Succession and the Great Northern War, did not flow into one another, but remained separate.

literature

  • Ernst Freiherr von Friesen: The situation in Saxony during the Swedish invasion in 1706 and 1707 and the peace of Altranstädt . In: Mitteilungen des Verein für Geschichte Dresdens 15, 1901, ZDB -ID 500404-4 , pp. 1–125.
  • Rober I. Frost: The Northern Wars. War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721 . Longman, Harlow (Essex) et al. 2000, ISBN 0-582-06429-5 , ( Modern wars in perspective ).
  • Arno Günther: The creation of the peace of Altranstädt . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 27, 1906, ISSN  0944-8195 , pp. 311–329.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Robert I. Frost, p. 230