Treaty of Dresden (1709)
Alliance treaties
Preobrazhenskoe (1699) • Dresden (1699) • Narva (1704) • Dresden (1709) • Thorn (1709) • Copenhagen (1709) • Hanover (1710) • Lutsk (1711) • Adrianople (1713) • Schwedt (1713) • Stettin (1715) • Berlin (1715) • Greifswald (1715)
Peace treaties
Traventhal (1700) • Warsaw (1705) • Altranstädt (1706) • Pruth (1711) • Frederiksborg (1720) • Stockholm (1719) • Stockholm (1720) • Nystad (1721) • Stockholm (1729)
Surrenders
The alliance of Dresden in 1709 was a Danish - Saxon offensive and defensive alliance and was on July 17th . / July 28, 1709 greg. in the Saxon capital of Dresden between the Elector August the Strong and the Danish King Friedrich IV .
prehistory
As early as 1699, an offensive and defensive alliance was concluded between the two states. This was in 1700 after the Swedish landing at Humlebæk and the subsequent Peace of Traventhal between Sweden and Denmark at the urging of the Swedish King Charles XII. canceled unilaterally by the Danes. With the Traventhal Peace Treaty, Denmark officially left the alliance against Sweden and ended its involvement in the Great Northern War .
The renewal of the alliance
The Danish king, who believed in a victory over Sweden after the Russian victory in the Battle of Poltava and the subsequent flight of the Swedish king to the Ottoman Empire, traveled to Saxony in July 1709. As a guest at the Saxon court, he strove to renew the alliance.
August the Strong, who had lost the title of King of Poland in the Altranstadt Peace Treaty of 1706 in the war against Sweden , also saw the chance to regain the lost royal dignity together with Denmark and Russia .
The contract
In the eleven-page treaty, the Danish king assured the Saxon elector of his support in the fight for the Polish crown. Denmark also undertook to break the separate peace with Sweden and attack the Swedish province of Skåne from Norway . Negotiations with Russia were also agreed.
Nevertheless, the contracting parties feared the guarantors of the Traventhal Peace and agreed in Article IV that both the Duchy of Holstein and all Swedish possessions on German soil would enjoy neutrality and would not be attacked by Saxony and Denmark.
In addition, the contractual partner decided to win the Prussian King Friedrich I as a partner in the fight against Sweden. For this purpose the Danish king traveled from Dresden to Berlin after the conclusion of the treaty . The first Prussian king was not uninterested in this offer, because if Prussia would own Swedish Pomerania , it would have direct access to the sea (see Epiphany ).
The contract was drawn up by Count Jacob Heinrich von Flemming , Woldemar Freiherr von Löwendal and Ernst Christoph von Manteuffel . All three signed and sealed the contract.
The consequences
On August 8, 1709, August II withdrew his signature under the Altranstädter peace and had Pope Clemens XI. release from the contract. On the side of Denmark and Russia, Saxony went to war again against Sweden.
In October 1709, Russia and Denmark signed an alliance treaty. In the Copenhagen Accord , the cooperation in the fight against Sweden agreed.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Gfrörer: History of the eighteenth century. Volume 1. 1862, p. 528.
- ^ Illustration of the alliance treaty of Dresden (original document). Retrieved February 11, 2013 .
literature
- August Friedrich Gfrörer : History of the eighteenth century. Volume 1: Louis XIV. Wilhelm the Uranian. Prinz Eugen. Charles XII. Peter the Great. The emperors Leopold I and Josef I. Schwabe and others, Schaffhausen and others in 1862.