Villa rustica (Bollendorf)

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Photo from the time of the excavation
Hypocaust and praefurnium

The villa rustica ( Roman estate ) was one of several buildings from Roman times in and near Bollendorf ( Rhineland-Palatinate ).

building

The facility is located above today's Bollendorf Castle . It was built in the second century AD and used until the fifth century; During this time some changes were made. Apparently the villa was not used again after a fire. The facility consists of the foundation walls of a main house with a size of 27 × 23 meters. This included an atrium that was 17 meters long and 11 meters wide and was later roofed over and used as additional living space. The house had two risalits on the valley side, between which there was a colonnade with a central flight of stairs. The house and porch had a cellar. Utility rooms were on the mountain side of the house; There was also a room in the northern corner at the back of the house that could be heated by the hypocaust of the bathing system that was later built into the western narrow side. Between this room and the western risalite lay the apodyterium, frigidarium, tepidarium and caldarium; the lighting option was in the main hall. The extension on the north side with the business premises and exit to the east was also added later. In the west and north the villa was provided with a gutter made of sandstone. The water was collected in an underground seepage basin.

Other Roman systems in the area

In Bollendorf, next to the Villa rustica, there was also a Diana monument, a boatman's grave, a mausoleum, which however fell victim to a flood, and a loading point for shipping on the Sura .

Excavations and protective measures

Johann Dahlem, who was pastor in Bollendorf from 1829 to 1857, hid numerous finds from Roman times. Bollendorf was one of the first places where Roman manor houses were excavated. Villae rusticae, which correspond to the type of the building excavated in Bollendorf from 1907, are therefore referred to as type Bollendorf . The excavations were initiated by the Provincial Museum Trier and the Roman-Germanic Commission of the Archaeological Institute in Frankfurt and carried out by the scientists Kropatscheck and Ebertz. In 1925 the bathing facility was roofed over and the area fenced in. Since Bollendorf was in the area of ​​the West Wall and the place was shelled by American troops in 1944/45, numerous destruction was recorded during World War II . The roofing of the bathing wing also fell victim to the fighting and was replaced in the 1990s. The protective structure was later supplemented by an entrance building in which visitors can find out more about the complex and the Gallo-Roman history of the area.

Monument protection

The ground monument "Villa rustica (Bollendorf)" is protected as a registered cultural monument within the meaning of the Monument Protection and Maintenance Act (DSchG) of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.

literature

  • Karl-Josef Gilles: mansion of a Roman manor. In: Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier (ed.): Guide to archaeological monuments of the Trier region. Trier 2008, ISBN 978-3-923319-73-2 ( series of publications by the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier 35 ) p. 90f.
  • Stephan Seiler: The Bollendorf villa: small but nice. In: Vera Rupp , Heide Birley (Hrsg.): Country life in Roman Germany. Theiss, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-8062-2573-0 , pp. 164-166.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ DschG or DSchPflG RP

Coordinates: 49 ° 51 '4 "  N , 6 ° 22' 6.3"  E