Irminenwingert temple district

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The temple area at Irminenwingert (also temple area of ​​Lenus Mars or sanctuary of Lenus Mars) was a holy area on the western bank of the Moselle near the Roman Trier ( Augusta Treverorum ). Inscribed finds suggest that it was a central sanctuary of the Celtic Treveri as well as one of the most important sanctuaries of the god Lenus Mars .

Today's source on the Irminenwingert
City map of Roman Trier , temple district of Lenus Mars No. 16 (green), west of the Moselle.

Research history

Roman walls have been observed in Irminenwingert since 1825, and the first excavation was carried out in 1843 by Christian Wilhelm Schmidt . Felix Hettner carried out systematic excavations in 1880. In 1913 numerous stone monuments were found during excavation of the earth for barracks buildings, further small excavations were carried out in 1920/21 and 1925/26, finally a subsequent excavation in 1936/37 by Erich Gose , who also presented the findings made up to that point in monograph in 1955.

investment

In addition to the temple district in Altbachtal , the temple at Herrenbrünnchen and the Asklepius temple on the banks of the Moselle, another large temple area was discovered on the western bank of the Moselle at the foot of the Markusberg. It was located at a slight cut into the valley where the spring, later revered as Heideborn, emerges as a medicinal source. In the area of ​​the Irminenwingert , a walled area in the form of an irregular square with a side length of over 100 m was detected. At the front there were residential buildings, some with a cellular layout, which are addressed as hostels for pilgrims. In the south of the area there was a smaller temple and a chapel. From the latter, five consecrations to Mars Iovantucarus , the spring deities of the Xulsigien and Lenus Mars were recovered in addition to consecration offerings .

Temple of Lenus Mars

In the north of the holy precinct, another trapezoidal area was partitioned off with unusually strong foundation walls. On the mountain side was a temple, of which the foundations of the cella (20 × 13 m) and the rising masonry of the podium (32 × 28 m) were still preserved. It could be reached via an outside staircase and was surrounded on three sides by a portico , so it had elements of a Gallo-Roman temple . A larger altar foundation was found on an intermediate terrace. On the access and processional road in front of the temple, about 60 meters away, next to two votive altars, two benches made of red sandstone with an inscription were found. The inscriptions attest that at least one of the benches and the associated altar were consecrated by two Treverian Gaue to Lenus Mars and his companion Ancamna . Another altar within the complex was dedicated to the Treverian god Intarabus .

Cult theater

In the north-east of the complex, strong wall sections with richly structured niche fronts can be identified as a stage front and outside wall of a theater. As part of cult festivals and representation of the myths of the gods, theaters are often found to be part of holy districts and also in a smaller form in the Altbachtal and in the temple districts of Heckenmünster and Möhn .

interpretation

The entire complex is addressed as a Treverian national shrine with monumental furnishings. The local equation ( Interpretatio Romana ) of the god Mars with the Treverian Lenus, who also played an important role in other regional sanctuaries such as Martberg, was worshiped here . The equipment of the complex also shows the less warlike character of Lenus, who was worshiped more as a god of healing. According to the series of coins, the facility was used from pre-Roman times to the time of Gratian († 383 AD).

literature

  • Wolfgang Binsfeld : Trier, Irminenwingert. In: Wolfgang Binsfeld, Karin Goethert-Polaschek, Lothar Schwinden: Catalog of the Roman stone monuments of the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier. (=  Corpus signorum Imperii Romani Vol. 4, 3: Trier and Trier Land.) Zabern, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-8053-0286-X , S. XV f. and catalog ( Trier excavations and research 12).
  • Heinz Cüppers : Trier - Temple of Lenus-Mars. In: Heinz Cüppers (Hrsg.): The Romans in Rhineland-Palatinate. Licensed edition, Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-60-0 , pp. 593-595.
  • Sabine Faust: The sites on the western bank of the Moselle. In: Hans-Peter Kuhnen (Ed.): The Roman Trier. Theiss, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8062-1517-0 , pp. 211-219 ( Guide to archaeological monuments in Germany 40).
  • Sabine Faust: Pagan temple districts and cult buildings. In: Alexander Demandt , Josef Engemann (ed.): Konstantin der Große. Emperor Caesar Flavius ​​Constantinus. Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2007, ISBN 978-3-8053-3688-8 , p. 327 f.
  • Sabine Faust: Irminenwingert: Temple district. In: Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier (ed.): Guide to archaeological monuments of the Trier region. Trier 2008, ISBN 978-3-923319-73-2 , p. 48 f. ( Series of publications by the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier 35).
  • Marcello Ghetta: Late Antique Paganism. Trier and the Treverland. Kliomedia, Trier 2008, ISBN 978-3-89890-119-2 . S.?.
  • Karl-Josef Gilles: Temple districts in the Trier region. In: Religio Romana. Paths to the gods in ancient Trier. Exhibition catalog Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier 1996, ISBN 3-923319-34-7 , p. 74 u. Catalog 33 a – h ( series of publications of the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier 12).
  • Erich Gose : The temple district of Lenus Mars in Trier. Mann, Berlin 1955 ( Trier excavations and research 2).
  • Markus Trunk : Roman temples in the Rhine and western Danube provinces. A contribution to the architectural-historical classification of Roman sacred buildings in Augst. Augst 1991, ISBN 3-7151-0014-1 , pp. 226-229 ( research in Augst 14).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ AE 1924, 18 ; AE 1924, 17 ; AE 1924, 16 and Hermann Finke : New inscriptions. In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 17, 1927, pp. 1–107 and 198–231, No. 18  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and 19  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / oracle-vm.ku-eichstaett.de  @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / oracle-vm.ku-eichstaett.de  
  2. ^ Hermann Finke: New inscriptions. In: Report of the Roman-Germanic Commission 17, 1927, pp. 1–107 and 198–231, No. 13  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and 14  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / oracle-vm.ku-eichstaett.de  @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / oracle-vm.ku-eichstaett.de  
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Binsfeld : Sanctuary of Lenus Mars. In: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (Hrsg.): Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments. Volume 32: Trier , part 1. 2nd edition. Zabern, Mainz 1980, p. 221.
  4. ↑ Heinz Cüppers in: H. Cüppers (Ed.): The Romans in Rhineland-Palatinate. P. 594.

Coordinates: 49 ° 44 ′ 59.3 "  N , 6 ° 36 ′ 49.6"  E