Purple summer arum

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Purple summer arum
Phelipanche purpurea sl13.jpg

Purple Summer Arum ( Orobanche purpurea )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Summer root family (Orobanchaceae)
Genre : Sommerwurzen ( Orobanche )
Type : Purple summer arum
Scientific name
Orobanche purpurea
Jacq.

The Violette broomrape ( Orobanche purpurea Jacq. , Syn: Phelipanche purpurea . (Jacq) Soják ) is a plant type from the genus of orobanche ( Orobanche ) in the family of broomrape plants (Orobanchaceae). Some authors put it as the violet blue shrike ( Phelipanche purpurea ) in the genus Phelipanche spun off from Orobanche .

blossom
Glandular stylus with scar

description

The purple summer root is a parasitic plant that grows 15 to 60 cm high . It parasitizes on yarrow species ( Achillea ) and, more rarely, on mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris ) and the stemless thistle ( Cirsium acaule ). The stem is mostly purple at the top, covered with flour-dusty glands. Usually more than 15 blue-violet scale leaves are formed.

The flowers are at an acute angle from the inflorescence axis. The crown is 18 to 30 mm long, yellowish-white at the base, colored lavender towards the edge of the crown and provided with reddish veins. The anthers are 1.4 to 1.5 mm long. The scar is white or bluish in color.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

Occurrence

The species is common in Europe, Asia and North Africa. Their distribution area includes Morocco, Algeria, the Canary Islands, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, Central Europe and extends in Northern Europe to Sweden, Denmark and Estonia, as well as Western Asia, the Caucasus and Pakistan. It grows on dry meadows and xerothermal lawns . It can also be found on ruderally influenced roadsides. It prefers moderately dry, base-rich and nutrient-poor soils and altitudes up to 800 m. It occurs in Central Europe in societies of the Mesobromion, Convolvulo-Agropyrion or Arrhenatherion associations.

In Austria, the violet blue shrike occurs rarely in the Pannonian region and otherwise very rarely in the inner alpine dry grasslands. The occurrences are limited to the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria , Burgenland , Styria , Carinthia , Salzburg and Tyrol (uncertain). The species is extinct in Upper Austria , if it was ever present there. The species is considered endangered in Austria.

ecology

The species is a parasite mostly on the common yarrow ( Achillea millefolium ) and the noble yarrow ( Achillea nobilis ), rarely it parasits on Artemisia or Cirsium species.

Systematics

Some authors differentiate between the following subspecies or varieties or species:

  • Phelipanche purpurea subsp. purpurea
  • Phelipanche purpurea subsp. bohemica (Čelak.) Zázvorka (Syn .: Orobanche bohemica Čelak .; Phelipanche bohemica (Čelak.) Holub & Zázvorka ; Orobanche purpurea var. bohemica (Čelak.) Beck ): The upper part of the stem is abundant with scales and the inflorescence is dense with more than two flowers per centimeter of inflorescence length. The clan parasites on the sagebrush ( Artemisia campestris ). In Austria it occurs in North Tyrol and Lower Austria, in Italy in South Tyrol.

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold : Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for identifying vascular plants that grow wild and often cultivated . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 93rd completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2 .
  • Hans-Joachim Zündorf, Karl-Friedrich Günther, Heiko Korsch, Werner Westhus (eds.): Flora of Thuringia. The wild fern and flowering plants of Thuringia . Weissdorn, Jena 2006, ISBN 3-936055-09-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 774 .
  2. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  865 .
  3. ↑ Phelipanche in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 27, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Violette Sommerwurz  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files