Stemless thistle
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Stemless thistle ( Cirsium acaulon ) |
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| Cirsium acaulon | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Scop. |
The stemless seared thistle ( Cirsium acaulon ) is a species of the genus of the seared thistle ( Cirsium ) within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It is widespread in large parts of Central Europe.
description
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Vegetative characteristics
The stemless thistle grows as a perennial , herbaceous plant and only reaches heights of 5 to 10 centimeters. If there is a very short stem , it can grow up to 25 cm high.
The stiff leaves are piled in rosettes and glabrous on the upper side and short haired on the underside. They are elongated-lanceolate in shape and lobed to pinnate. The leaf lobes are more or less angular, three-pronged and thorny.
Generative characteristics
The cup-shaped inflorescences, which usually grow individually, rarely up to four, are located directly "on the root" or on the basal rosette. The calyx is ovate and bare, the bracts are brownish purple in color. The crown is purple, rarely white.
The stemless thistle blooms mainly in the months of July to September.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 34.
Occurrence
The stemless thistle occurs from England and Scandinavia to southern Europe . To the east, it is distributed as far as Estonia , Poland and Slovakia .
In Germany , the stemless thistle is quite common in the middle and south. There are larger gaps south of the Danube and in northwest Germany. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises on the Breitenberg near Pfronten to an altitude of 1840 meters. In Austria , Cirsium acaule is rarely found, while it is very common in Switzerland .
The stemless thistle grows in semi-arid grass , poor pastures and meadows, on embankments and on roadsides . It thrives best on more or less dry, warm, lime-rich, poor and often stony loam soils . Cirsium acaulon occurs mostly in the Gentiano-Koelerietum or other plant communities of the Mesobromion Association.
Systematics
The first publication took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Carduus acaulos by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, page 1199. The new combination to Cirsium acaulon (L.) Scop. was published in 1769 by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in Annus Hist.-Nat. , 2, page 62 published. Other synonyms for Cirsium acaulon (L.) Scop. are: Cnicus acaulos (L.) Willd. , Cnicus dubius Willd.
There are subspecies depending on the author:
- Cirsium acaulon (L.) Scop. subsp. acaulon
- Cirsium acaulon subsp. gregarium (DC.) Talavera : It only occurs in Spain.
Common names
The other common German-language names exist or existed for the stemless Kratzdistel: Burste ( Graubünden ), Klein Eberwurz and Mattapfel ( Bernese Oberland ).
literature
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer , Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- August Binz , Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Schwabe & Co. AG, Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
- Christian August Friedrich Garcke : Illustrated flora. Paul Parey Verlag, 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stalkless thistle . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 965 .
- ↑ a b c d Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. Datasheet Cirsium acaulon In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 641.
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 101. ( online ).
Web links
- Cirsium acaulon (L.) Scop., Stalkless thistle. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Cirsium acaule Scop. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved June 17, 2016.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Hultén
- Thomas Meyer: Kratzdistel data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
