Wakenitzhorst

The Wakenitzhorste are or were settlement sites on both banks of the Wakenitz , which mostly, but not exclusively, had their origin in the homes of fishermen .

term

Horst - both the male and the female form are correct, although the female form was historically common in the Lübeck area - refers to a slightly raised, protruding and mostly overgrown place in wetlands. In the case of the fishermen's nests along the Wakenitz, these were places that offered dry ground in the marshy bank areas and alluvial forests of the river, on which buildings could be built and residence was possible.

history

With the Barbarossa privilege of 1188, Lübeck had, among other things, been given the privilege of fishing on the Wakenitz, which was expressly confirmed in the imperial freedom letter of 1226. In 1291 the city bought full ownership of the river from Duke Albrecht II of Saxony ; Until today the Wakenitz is from its beginning near Rothenhusen the whole length of the property of the city of Lübeck, which thus also holds the fishing rights. In the 14th century at the latest, the Wakenitz fishermen organized themselves into their own office , the oldest official role of which was drawn up in 1399 with various provisions on catching and selling fish.

Originally the Wakenitz fishermen had their homes in the city itself, drove their boats upriver in the morning to catch fish and returned in the evening. Since this meant a lot of daily effort and the distance to be covered for fishing was considerably limited, from a period that was no longer accessible they switched to simple huts of a few at suitable places along the river close to the bank with official approval To build square meters of floor space, which was initially only used for overnight stays, so that fishing could be extended to two or more days and the number of time-consuming trips was reduced considerably. In addition, it was possible to store the equipment safely and permanently in the huts that were not accessible from land - the Wakenitzlauf was lined almost the entire route by a wide, pathless belt of dense floodplain forests and swamps.

From the first half of the 17th century on, the fishermen increasingly made the fishermen's nests that were created in this way their permanent homes, with the huts being replaced by larger half-timbered houses in the style of Mecklenburg peasant cottages, and only made their way into the city to sell their catch . This did not result in a legal problem, since the west bank of the Wakenitz was Lübeck territory up to the level of Groß Grönau and had fallen to the city since Schattin in 1300, it also owned the entire east bank as far as Rothenhusen on the Ratzeburg lake ; the dwellings of the Wakenitz fishermen were therefore in the Lübeck area. Rothenhusen itself was never a fisherman's nest, although there was also a fisherman's stall here at times (the singular of the term used in Lübeck).

In return for the use of urban land, the fishermen were obliged to pay an annual contribution in kind of half a smoking hen for each house with a fireplace ; In 1846 this service was converted into a cash payment of 5 shillings, then converted into 15 pfennigs with the currency changeover in 1871 and finally canceled in 1914 for a one-off transfer payment, as the fishermen often forgot to pay the extremely small amount, which was common to everyone such a case made the laborious collection by a municipal employee necessary.

While most of the Wakenitzhorste had their origin in so-called fisherman's booths, there were exceptions. Nädlershorst, for example, emerged from a ferry house and Ziegelhorst - the only Wakenitzhorst that was never on Lübeck territory - from a brickworks .

Ecclesiastically, the three fishermen's shacks, the Rabbit Mountain , the six eyrie and Müggenbusch on the Wakenitz belonged to the municipality of the Aegidienkirche .

In the 19th century the importance of the Wakenitz fishery began to wane, the maximum number of 11 active fishing nests set by the city was no longer reached. Several eyries became places for excursions, some of which still exist today, others found new uses, for example, as gardening businesses or as children's homes. As a result of the Greater Hamburg Act , three of the four eyrie on the east bank of the Wakenitz fell to the State of Mecklenburg in 1937, while the Nädlerhorst on the west bank was transferred to the community of Groß Grönau. All the eyries on the east side of the Wakenitz disappeared in 1961: three of them were razed by the GDR border troops , and the Huntenhorst , located in Lübeck, was demolished in the same year.

None of the remaining eyries are used for fishing today, since the last Wakenitz fisherman who lived on Goldberg gave up fishing in 1975.

Street names in Lübeck-Eichholz are reminiscent of the now defunct eyries : Huntenhorster Weg , Brunshorster Weg , Stoffershorster Weg .

List of the Wakenitzhorste

(from Lübeck upstream)

Surname	Alternative names	Occupied since	Destroyed	description
Goldberg		1844	Inhabited to this day	The nest closest to the city is also the youngest and the last one that served the Wakenitz fishery. The residential building erected in 1844 was originally intended as a summer house, but was then moved into by the Schmidt family, who previously worked as town fishermen. The special position of this Horst is also shown in the fact that it never had a proper name: Goldberg is simply the field name of the site. In the Lübeck address books, the location was for a long time not far from Nöltingshof , based on a homestead about 800 meters to the west. In 1975 the last Wakenitz fisherman who lived here stopped fishing; the building, now used purely as a residential building, is still owned by the family today.
Spieringshorst	1605: Gödert von Hoevelens Horst	1595	Inhabited to this day	Spieringshorst is located on the only island of the Wakenitz, which also bears this name after the Fischerhorst. However, the fishermen were not at the beginning of the history of the settlement: In 1595 the mayor of Lübeck Gotthard V. von Hoeveln , the owner of the island at that time, had a fortified property with associated farm buildings built here. Parts of the so-called Hoevelen-Burge , which was soon given up again , continued to be used, from which the first fisherman's nest emerged, which had been called Gödert von Hoevelens Horst since 1605 . The first fisherman's house on the island, which still has original half-timbered and wall elements of the Hoevelenbug, was built in its last form in 1710 and was still a fisherman's residence until 1951, burned down completely on May 10, 2011. The second fisherman's house on the island, named Vollert-Haus after the local fisher family , was built around 1715 and is now used as a residential building. The third and last of the Spieringshorst houses was not originally a fisherman's house, but seems to have its origins in the servant and kitchen house of the Hoevelenburg; an exceptionally large fireplace and the division into several utility rooms suggest this. From the 17th to the end of the 18th century, the Wakenitzfischer family Spiering lived here , which gave the entire island its name. It served as a fisherman's house until 1965 and is now a residential building.
First fishing booth		around 1650	Inhabited to this day	Since 1832, in addition to fishing, an inn was operated on the first fisherman's hut and the original cottage was replaced by a larger new building in 1877, which developed into a popular restaurant. The fishery was stopped in 1894, the bar closed in 1972 and the building was subsequently converted into a residential building as part of a comprehensive restoration. A ferry ran from the first fisherman's hut to the rabbit mountain farm on the east side.
Second fishing booth		1672	1910	The second fisherman's hut was on a headland that flanked the entrance to the Kleiner See bay . At the beginning of the 19th century an excursion economy was established here, which enjoyed great popularity; after a fire in 1830 the second fisherman's hut was not rebuilt and abandoned; In 1870, the railway line to Bad Kleinen was laid across the site , and in 1910 the last remaining buildings were demolished, so that today there are no more traces of this eyrie.
Third fishing booth		circa 1670	Inhabited to this day	After the fishing was stopped, the city sold the Third Fisherman's Shack in 1844 to the newly founded Society for the Rescue of Hard-to-Bring Children , which from 1845 used the restored house as a rescue house modeled on the Hamburg Rauhen House . Today the Wakenitzhof children's and youth home is located there in succession to this facility .
Müggenbusch	Eichenhorst, Mustinhorst	1770	Inhabited to this day	In 1924, the old fisherman's house was demolished by the then owner and replaced by an inn, which was rebuilt after a fire in 1928 and is still in operation today with several extensions.
Huntenhorst	Hundtenhorst, Oldenburghorst	1759	1961	The Horst was named after the Wakenitz fisherman Johann Hundt , who lived here in 1759. After the First World War , the Horst was no longer used for fishing, but first as a forester's house and later as a shepherd's dwelling . The last resident, a tailor , moved into a new apartment in Lübeck in 1961. As reuse was no longer possible due to the newly enacted Water Protection Act, the empty house was demolished.
Brunshorst	1781: shotgun booth ; 1785: Möllershorst	1741	1961	On Brunshorst, named after the Wakenitz fisherman Johann Heinrich Brun who worked here from 1805 to 1826, fishing was carried out continuously. In 1937 the Horst fell from Lübeck to the State of Mecklenburg as a result of the Greater Hamburg Act , and in 1950 the last Brunshorster fisherman Richard Runge (* 1900, † 1984) fled to the Federal Republic via the Wakenitz. In 1961, Brunshorst was razed by the GDR border troops .
Stoffershorst	1781: Möllers Buden Horst	around 1750	1961	Stoffershorst was no longer used as a fisherman's nest since 1910, but developed into a popular excursion restaurant. In 1937 it fell to the state of Mecklenburg through the Greater Hamburg Law from Lübeck ; In 1945 the Soviet occupying power claimed the building and land, in 1961 Stoffershorst was razed by the GDR border troops .
Absalonshorst	1709: Kempen Bude ; Lenschowerhorst ; 1832: Clasohms Horst ; Weidemannshorst	1669	Inhabited to this day	Absalonshorst is named after the local fisherman Hans Absalom Kempe (* 1698; † 1763). When the income from the Wakenitz fishery declined in the 20th century, the initially modest catering for guests began after 1942. After the Second World War , the previously very popular restaurant, Stoffershorst, on the eastern bank of the Wakenitz, no longer existed, and Absalonshorst took over its role. The excursion boats also moored here. In 1950 fishing was completely given up and Absalonshorst has been exclusively a restaurant and hotel since then.
Harbershorst	Habershorst, Falkenhusen fishing shack	around 1670	Inhabited to this day	This Wakenitzhorst is named after the local fisherman Hans Joachim Habbersen (* 1700; † 1773). Around 1870 the fishery was given up here and Habershorst was used as a market garden instead. In addition, like a farmhouse, the building received a large hall gate in one end, an element that none of the other fishermen's cottages had. The yields remained low due to unsuitable soil. In 1926 Harbershorst came into the possession of the Heiligen-Geist-Hospital , later changed into private hands and now serves as a residential building.
Nadlershorst		1669	2003	Nädlershorst was never a fisherman's nest, but was set up as a ferry house with Krugrecht . The ferry service was stopped in 1926 after a bridge was built, but the restaurant continued to exist. In 2003 the Horst was demolished because the area was intended for renaturation measures .
Bothenhorst	Little Horst, Auf Bothen's Horst	1646	1961	Bothenhorst, originally called Die kleine Horst , was first mentioned in 1646 as a fisherman's nest . The fishery was given up early or only operated as a sideline, the residents were craftsmen and farmers. In 1838 the name is "Auf Bothens Horst" after the Both family, who lived here from the early 18th century until 1857 at the latest. In 1670 and 1850 the main house was expanded. The last owners were forcibly relocated by the GDR authorities in 1952 and Bothenhorst was demolished in 1961. Today the federal motorway 20 runs over the property , so that apart from a few remaining fruit trees, no remains of the eyrie can be seen.
Ziegelhorst	Tüschenbeker Horst, Ziegelhof	1640	Inhabited to this day	The most distant eyrie, about 1.3 kilometers downstream from Rothenhusen on the left bank of the Wakenitz and as the only one of the Wakenitzhorste never part of the Lübeck territory, was never the residence of fishermen. Rather, it emerged from a brickworks , which is first found in written sources in 1640, since the associated Krughaus Ziegeleikrug (also called Zischenkrug and Zisekenkrug ) is mentioned in documents that year . Brick production ended around 1720, and from then on Horst was a farm. In 1964, the last owners left Ziegelhorst to the Vorwerker Diakonie with the stipulation that the farm should be run by the mentally handicapped , which is still happening today.

literature

Rolf Wegner: The eyrie on the Wakenitz and their inhabitants , in: Vaterstädtische Blätter , 32nd year, p. 56 ff .; Lübeck 1981
Working group Lübeck teachers for home school and local research (ed.): Lübecker Heimathefte 1/2: Die Wakenitz . Charles Coleman Publishing House, Lübeck 1926

Web links

Individual evidence

^ The Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck: a contribution to German regional studies. Lübeck: Dittmer 1890, p. 176

[1] The Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck: a contribution to German regional studies. Lübeck: Dittmer 1890, p. 176