Rescue House (Lübeck)
The rescue center on the third Fischer stalls is the nucleus of today's urban children and youth center Wakenitzhof in Lübeck .
history
One of the numerous private charities available in Lübeck was the rescue house for boys from broken family backgrounds who had become conspicuous through crime or anti-sociality .
As early as the beginning of the 1840s, the Lübeck Association for the Welfare of Released Convicts and Young Lost People , which belongs to the Society for the Promotion of Charitable Activities , wanted to set up an institution similar to the Rauhe Haus in Hamburg . If young sinners were withdrawn from their seductive environment in good time and brought up in good Christian circumstances , they would not go astray. In addition, the Hamburg institution was already overcrowded at that time and had to refuse to accept foreign students.
A lecture given by Wichern in St. Catherine's Church in July 1843 almost led to the establishment of the rescue center at that time. The fire of the St. Anne's Poor and Work House and the necessary rebuilding of the institution pushed the matter into the background.
The need for a reformatory for young people grew. When Wichern was again in Lübeck in the fall of 1844, he gave the Lübeck residents practical advice on founding and setting up such an institution. When, after a long search for a suitable place or restaurant in the Lübeck area, they came to the third fisherman's hut , Wichern said, now we are looking no further, “the rescue house has to be here and nowhere else”. In consideration of the seclusion of the fisherman's den and the large area belonging to it, he was approved.
The fisherman's booth did not make an advantageous impression in 1844. The half-timbered house , which had been an economy at the beginning of the 19th century in the French era and now contained two apartments for day laborer families, was very dilapidated , the roof very damaged, and the broken window panes glued with paper or stuffed up with stuff . The crooked, bumpy path leading to the property was overgrown with grass, the garden full of weeds and the barn in danger of collapsing . Nevertheless, after the necessary funds had been raised, the property was bought in 1844.
The first board of the rescue house consisted of the pastors Johann Carl Lindenberg and Alexander Michelsen , the higher appeal judges Overbeck , who also chaired the court until his death in 1846, and Pauli , as well as Messrs. Classen , Grabau, Nölting and Zernitz.
However, an unexpected obstacle brought another delay. The Central Poor Deputation suggested that the state should establish a “reformatory for young people who have lost their way, based on the model of the Rauhe Haus zu Horn ”. If the state were to follow this suggestion, the establishment of a rescue house on the private side would of course have been superfluous. However, the state gave up its own plan, and so at the end of 1844 the rescue house was confirmed as a mild private institution by the Senate and placed under the Central Poor's Deputation.
After the makeshift refurbishment of the house on the fisherman's hut, the rescue house, which was furnished for 12 boys, was opened on April 28, 1845. A deacon of the Rauhen Haus, Friedrich Christian Kix (1815–1868) from Rinteln , who initially had only two pupils, was employed as the first housefather . After only two years, however, the institution proved to be too small and required an extension or a new building. However, since the institute had received neither working capital nor assets when it opened, it appealed again to the charity of the citizens of Lübeck.
After Kix's death in 1868, the educator Franz Carl Lichtwark (1828–1906), who was also trained at the Rauhen Haus , was his successor , the father of Karl Lichtwark and uncle of Alfred Lichtwark . Because of Lichtwark's conception of running the house as a work school , there was a rift with Wichern and the Rauhe Haus in 1875.
Old rescue house
Since the house was in a very unfavorable location due to its proximity to Wakenitz, the appeal brought about unexpected financial advantages. The funds envisaged for the new construction of the rescue house were partly donated and partly lent by private individuals and charitable foundations without interest or at low interest rates .
In the summer of 1847 the new institution building, the so-called school house , which had been built on a higher place towards Gut Stecknitz, was completed and inaugurated on November 22, 1847. It contained the living rooms and bedrooms of the boys and their assistants, the prayer room and the workshop . In the old house, the housekeeper 's apartment and the dining room remained . In the following years, further outbuildings of the institution were built.
In the course of the existence of the facility, some grievances became noticeable due to the distance between the residential building and the school building. For example, the house became more and more dilapidated from year to year. In recent years consideration has been given to building a new residential building next to the schoolhouse or in connection with it. Before a decision could be made, however, the schoolhouse burned down on February 21, 1901 as a result of a pupil being set on fire .
New rescue house
In view of the prevailing circumstances, however, this could not just be a new school building, but a uniform whole building.
The new institution building was built on the spot where the old school building was. The red brick building, visible from afar, faces north with its front. The extensive garden was in front of the house and had a magnificent view of the Wakenitz and Lübeck. The west wing contained the father's apartment. If you enter the house through the main entrance, there is a classroom and the dining room to the left of the hall. Both rooms were also connected by a door. A third door in the classroom led into a small vestibule. Here the children should take off their headgear. There were two more doors in the anteroom. One led out of the house, the other into the study behind the dining room on the east side of the house. The door to the dungeon was on the south wall of the study . In the dining room there was a 15 registers equipped Harmonium . The kitchen was connected to the dining room.
In the hallway a stone staircase led to the first floor. Above the school and dining room was the dormitory, taking up the whole width of the house. The windows on the north, east and south walls allowed ventilation and a large stove ensured adequate heating. In 1901 there were 25 beds in the room, but it was planned to accommodate up to 50 beds. The door to the left of the stove led into the laundry room. In addition to washing devices, it also contained a heated bathing facility. On the other side of the washroom was another bedroom for more difficult pupils. The future hospital room met that. To the right of the dormitory a third door led into the living room of the housefather's assistant.
A staircase led from the first to the second floor, which was essentially intended as a drying floor. Furthermore, there was the clothes closet to the east for the storage of the better clothes of the pupils. From there you could see the villages Wesloe, Brandenbaum and Herrnburg in the background . Opposite this chamber was a room belonging to the father's apartment. He should use it as a guest room or the like.
After the new institution building was handed over to use, the now superfluous and not otherwise usable previous house was demolished in the same year.
On May 25, 1921, the private rescue house foundation on the Third Fisherman's Shack was taken over by the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck and converted into the Wakenitz state educational institution under the supervision of the youth welfare office.
Elementary school
The Wakenitzhof elementary school , which was initially a branch of the Klosterhof School and then the Kahlhorst School , became independent from 1949. The lessons taking place on the home's premises took place for students living there as well as those coming from the neighboring settlements of Grönauer Baum, Falkenhusen and Strecknitz . When the number of students overwhelmed the school's capacity, a new school was built on Grönauer Baum. This was in 1958 and the primary school on the home site was closed.
literature
- The rescue house on the third fisherman's hut. , In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1901, No. 47, edition of December 15, 1901
- Horst Weimann (ed.): Wakenitzhof. Lübeck: Matthiesen 1965
Web links
Remarks
- ^ Wolf-Dieter Hauschild : Church history of Lübeck. Christianity and the bourgeoisie in nine centuries. Lübeck: Schmidt-Römhild 1981 ISBN 3-7950-2500-1 , pp. 403-405
- ^ Horst Weimann: JH Wichern and his Lübeck housefathers. in: The Inner Mission. 56 (1066), pp. 518-519
- ↑ Sarah Banach: The Ricklinger Welfare Process 1930: Protestant home education on the test bench: Women and gender research in educational science. Budrich UniPress 2007, p. 136
Coordinates: 53 ° 52 ′ 52 ″ N , 10 ° 41 ′ 10 ″ E