Forest scabious

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Forest scabious
Forest scabious (Knautia dipsacifolia)

Forest scabious ( Knautia dipsacifolia )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Cardigans (Dipsacales)
Family : Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae)
Subfamily : Cardaceae (Dipsacoideae)
Genre : Widow flowers ( knautia )
Type : Forest scabious
Scientific name
Knautia dipsacifolia
Kreutzer

The forest scabious ( knautia dipsacifolia ), also forest Knautie called, is a species of the genus scabious ( knautia ) in the subfamily of Dipsacaceae (Dipsacoideae).

description

Inflorescences
Budded inflorescence
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Vegetative characteristics

The forest scabious is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 100 centimeters. The rising stem is hairy in the upper area. A rhizome is formed as a permanent organ . Concluding with the flowering shoot (at flowering time only with a flower stem and a small leaf rosette to the side). The oblong-elliptical leaves have a remotely sawn leaf edge and are long and narrowed to the base like a stalk.

Generative characteristics

The chalice has eight bristles.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40 or 60.

ecology

The forest scabious is a hemicryptophyte .

The pollination is done by insects . The nut-like closing fruits are spread by ants .

Herbarium evidence

Occurrence

The forest scabious is found primarily in the Alps and Pyrenees at altitudes of 400 to 2100 meters. It occurs quite often in herbaceous vegetation , in the fringes of montane alluvial forests, on shady forest and path edges and in high-montane tall herbaceous vegetation. It loves moist, loose, mostly stony soil in cooler, humid locations. According to Ellenberg , it is a penumbral plant, distributed sub-oceanic and an association character of the middle clover herb fringes (Trifolion medii). According to Oberdorfer, it occurs mainly in the fringing communities of the Arunco-Petasition and the Alliarion, but also in the Alnion, also in the moist Quercion roboris and in high areas also in the Caricion ferrugineae or in the Calamagrostion arundinaceae. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises on the Kugelhorn in Bavaria to an altitude of 2090 meters.

Systematics

The first description of Knautia dipsacifolia was in 1840 by Karl Joseph Kreutzer . Synonyms for Knautia dipsacifolia Kreutzer are: Trichera sylvatica (L.) Schrad. , Knautia sylvatica auct. non (L.) Duby , Scabiosa pubescens Willd. Szabó , Knautia chabertii , Scabiosa dipsacifolia host , Scabiosa dipsacifolia cupboard , Knautia arvensis subsp. sylvatica (L.) Bonnier & Layens , Knautia sylvatica (L.) Duby var. sylvatica .

Knautia dipsacifolia is a very diverse species. In particular, the shape of the leaves, the hairiness of the stem and the color of the flowers can be very variable.

The following subspecies occur in Europe:

  • Knautia dipsacifolia subsp. catalaunica (Szabó) O.Bolòs, Vigo, Masalles & Ninot (Syn .: Knautia catalaunica Szabó ): It has been a subspecies since 1990 and only occurs in Spain.
  • Common forest scabious ( Knautia dipsacifolia subsp. Dipsacifolia , Syn .: Knautia sendtneri Brügger , Knautia arvensis subsp. Dipsacifolia (host) FWSchultz ): The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40 or 60.
  • Delicate forest scabious ( Knautia dipsacifolia subsp. Gracilis (Szabó) Ehrend. , Knautia gracilis Szabó , Knautia cuspidata Jord. , Knautia sylvatica var. Cuspidata (Jord.) Briq. , Knautia sylvatica var. Dolichophylla Briq. ): in the high altitudes of Germany and France. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.
  • Knautia dipsacifolia subsp. lancifolia (Heuff.) Honorable. (Syn .: Knautia lancifolia (Heuff.) Simonk. , Knautia dominii Klášt. , Knautia sylvatica var. Lancifolia Heuff. ): It occurs in Romania and in the former Yugoslavia.
  • Knautia dipsacifolia subsp. pocutica (Szabó) Honoring. : It occurs in Poland and Romania.
  • Knautia dipsacifolia subsp. sixtina (Briq.) Honoring. (Syn .: Knautia sixtina Briq. ): It occurs in Central Europe in Switzerland, France and Italy.
  • Knautia dipsacifolia subsp. turocensis (Borbás) Kiss (Syn .: Knautia sylvatica var. turocensis Borbás ): It occurs in the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania. in front.

swell

  • Robert Zander : Zander concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Fritz Encke , Günther Buchheim, Siegmund Seybold . 15th edition, corrected reprint of the 14th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-5072-7 .
  • Thomas Schauer, Claus Caspari: The FSVO plant guide for on the go. With reliable color code. 1150 flowers, grasses, trees and bushes. 2nd revised edition. blv, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-8354-0354-3 , p. 322 (as Knautia sylvatica ).
  • Rolf Wisskirchen, Henning Haeupler: Standard list of fern and flowering plants in Germany. With chromosome atlas . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 1 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3360-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 887.
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 543.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h G. Domina (2017+): Dipsacaceae. : Datasheet Knautia dipsacifolia , In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Forest Scabious ( Knautia dipsacifolia )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files