Waldemar Gust

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Waldemar Gust (* 1892 in Kronstadt , Kronstadt County , Kingdom of Hungary , Austria-Hungary ; † 1953 in Constanța , Romania ) was the leader of the renewal movement in Burzenland around Kronstadt and co-founder and deputy president of the radical Nazi " German People's Party of Romania " (DVR) .

Life

Waldemar Gust was doctorate in law and General Counsel of the Chamber of Commerce in Kronstadt. From 1924 to 1932 Gust was in charge of the Kronstadt Saxon gymnastics and sports club . Gust was active in the "Klingsor" group, with which he came across Fritz Fabritius' "Self-Help Movement of Germans in Romania" in 1932 . On May 27, 1933, Gust was sentenced to one month in prison by a court in Kronstadt because he marched in Nazi uniform on March 27, 1933 on the occasion of the introduction of the new parish priest Möckel.

At the meeting of the People's Council , the highest administrative body of the Transylvanian Saxons , on January 21-22, 1934, Gust disturbed Bishop Viktor Glondys' speech with heckling so that the bishop and his conservative supporters left the meeting room. This incident was the start of a passionate clash between the rival political groups and the Evangelical Church AB in Romania . On July 21, 1934, Gust signed the declaration by leading National Socialists directed against Glondys “To clarify the situation. A word to all German national comrades ”. Gust was a member of the delegation of the "self-help movement" received on January 25, 1933 by Bishop Glondys, which advised on the position of "self-help" on Christian preaching and on the relationship between the "self-help teams" and the church brotherhoods and sisterhoods.

As a result of the electoral victories in the regional people's councils, Fritz Fabritius was elected chairman of the Romanian-German umbrella organization on June 29, 1935 , which was renamed "German People's Community in Romania". The association received a “People's Program” inspired by National Socialism, against which neither the Conservatives nor the Evangelical Church rebelled, but the radical faction of the “Renewers”, which meanwhile under Alfred Bonfert and the party theorist Waldemar Gust on February 10, 1935 (initially with the consent of Fabritius) had founded the radical Nazi "German People's Party of Romania" (DVR). The radicals complained that the “people's program” did not correspond to the “real spirit of National Socialism”. The conflict between the “Volksgemeinschaft” and the DVR shaped the political discussion of the Romanian Germans until October 1938. The "quarrel separated court neighbors and divided families, children fought in the street and shouted 'Fabritius should rule, Bonfert should die' or vice versa (depending on the attitude of the parents)"; Hall battles raged in the cities.

In October 1938 Gust participated as a representative of his party in the talks on the synchronization of the Romanian Germans under the direction of Edit von Coler . As a result, his party was assimilated into the "ethnic group leadership", with Bonfert as deputy state chairman. Since the radical group around Bonfert and Gust continued the dispute even after the unification in 1939, the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle (VoMi), the Foreign Office and Heinrich Himmler intervened in the conflict, since the leadership of the German Reich had the full cooperation of the German minority at a time of sensitive relations with Romania. Fabritius expelled Bonfert and Gust in the spring of 1939 because of an alleged attempted coup from the leadership of the ethnic group. Bonfert, Gust and the regional youth leader Friedrich “Fritz” Cloos were removed from their offices and deported to the “Reich”.

Gust later returned to Romania and in 1942 was appointed to the board of the Timișoara book printers' guild "Gutenberg" (cooperative of German printing companies in Romania) based in Kronstadt. In February 1943, Gust spoke at the rallies “Everything for the Front!” In the “Prince Eugen District (Banat)”. In the same month he spoke about the total war effort in the annual market , Janova, Bruckenau and Deutschbentschek in the Banat . Gust also spoke at the harvest festival in 1943 in the rural local groups in the Burzenland district.

After the royal coup in Romania in 1944 and the associated change of sides in Romania during the Second World War , Gust was held in custody by the new rulers. According to reports by the publicist Otto Folberth and the district leader of Hermannstadt Rudolf Friedrich Schuller , Gust is said to have died in the winter months of 1952/53 during his imprisonment in the Capul-Midia prison while doing forced labor on the Danube-Black Sea Canal near Constanța.

Publications

  • Through truth - to clarity. In: East German observer. Battle sheet for the honestly working people, Hermannstadt (Sibiu). 21.F., May 28, 1933, p. 1.
  • The answer. In: East German observer. Battle sheet for the honestly working people, Hermannstadt (Sibiu). 28.F., July 14, 1934, p. 1.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johann Böhm : National Socialist Germany and the German Ethnic Group in Romania 1936-1944: the relationship of the German ethnic group to the Third Reich and the Romanian state as well as the internal conflict between the political groups. Verlag Lang, 1985, ISBN 3-8204-7561-3 , p. 264, p. 43.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Klaus Popa : Völkisches Handbuch Südosteuropa, letter G , entry Gust Waldemar, 2009
  3. ↑ hometown community Kronstadt, Manfred Kravatzky: The "Good-healing-covenant" of the Kronstadt Saxon Athletic and Sports Club (KSTSV)
  4. ↑ Minorităţile Naţionale din România 1931–1938. Documents. Bucharest, 1999, No. 47, p. 302 f.
  5. ^ Johann Böhm: The Germans in Romania and the Third Reich 1933-1940. Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, New York, Paris, Vienna, 1999, ISBN 3-631-34371-X , p. 56 ff.
  6. ↑ a b half-yearly publication for Southeast European history, literature and politics , Johann Böhm: Techniques of Manipulation - tehnici de manipulare (statement) , February 1, 2013.
  7. ^ A b Paul Milata : Between Hitler, Stalin and Antonescu: Romanian Germans in the Waffen SS. Volume 34 of Studia Transylvanica. Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 2007, ISBN 3-412-13806-1 , p. 336.
  8. ^ Georg Weber, Renate Weber: Zendersch: a Transylvanian community in transition. Delp, 1985, ISBN 3-7689-0222-6 , p. 265.
  9. ^ Stefan Breuer , Ina Schmidt: Die Kommenden: a magazine of the Bündische Jugend (1926-1933). Volume 15 of Edition Archive of the German Youth Movement, Wochenschau Verlag, 2010, ISBN 3-89974-529-9 , p. 316.
  10. ↑ Valdis O. Lumans: Himmler's Auxiliaries: The people of German Mittelstelle and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933-1945 , University of North Carolina Press, 1993, ISBN 0-8078-6311-4 , S. 111 (English)
  11. ↑ Südostdeutsche Tageszeitung (Hermannstadt and Temeschburg), 219th episode, September 20, 1942, p. 5.
  12. ↑ Südostdeutsche Tageszeitung (Hermannstadt and Temeschburg), 35th episode, February 13, 1943, p. 6.
  13. ↑ Südostdeutsche Tageszeitung (Hermannstadt and Temeschburg), 40th episode, February 19, 1943, p. 6.
  14. ↑ Südostdeutsche Tageszeitung (Hermannstadt and Temeschburg), 249th episode, October 26, 1943, p. 6.
  15. ↑ Peter Motzan, Stefan Sienerth , Andreas Heuberger: Words as Danger and Danger , Volume 64 of publications of the Südostdeutsche Kulturwerk, Verlag Südostdeutsches Kulturwerk, 1993, ISBN 3-88356-075-8 , 443S., P. 36.
  16. ^ Transylvania Institute: The Diaries of Otto Folberth. Volume 46: May 1951 to October 53.
  17. ^ Local family book Agnetheln, family report - Rudolf Friedrich SCHULLER

Remarks

  1. ↑ In his diary entries Viktor Glondys noted: “Dr. Gust shouted in between "ridiculous" and "we'll show him [the bishop]", whereupon Gust was shouted from another side to consider that the bishop was standing here. Gust shouted: "He is not the bishop here, but simply a member of the People's Council". On the part of the chairman [Dr. Otto Fritz Jickeli, moderate National Socialist] nothing was done to immediately give the bishop satisfaction. After the session, Dr. Hans Otto Roth and informed me that the majority of the members had left the meeting, immediately afterwards Dr. OV Jickeli with Pomarius. I did not receive it because I thought it would be useless. [...] that doesn’t change the fact that he didn’t put Gust in his place, but rather expose the bishop of the church, who is not an elected member like everyone else in the People’s Council, but belongs to him as bishop from official channels, to an unworthy treatment left without intervening. […] “Source: Johann Böhm, Dieter Braeg: Viktor Glondys' diary. Records from 1933 to 1947 , AGK-Verlag, Dinklage, 1997, ISBN 3-928389-12-2 , p. 85
personal data
SURNAME Gust, Waldemar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Romanian-German co-founder of the "German People's Party of Romania"
DATE OF BIRTH 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Kronstadt , Kingdom of Romania
DATE OF DEATH 1953
Place of death Constanța