Bencecu de Sus

Bencecu de Sus Bentschek, Deutschbentschek Bencsek, Németbencsek, Felsöbencsek
Help on coat of arms
Basic data
State :	Romania
Historical region :	Banat
Circle :	Timiș
Municipality :	Pișchia
Coordinates :	45 ° 53 '  N , 21 ° 26'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 53 '2 "  N , 21 ° 25' 40"  E
Time zone :	EET ( UTC +2)
Residents :	870 (2002)
Postal code :	307327
Telephone code :	(+40) 02 56
License plate :	TM
Structure and administration (as of 2012)
Community type :	Village
Mayor :	Ioan Sas ( PD-L )

Location of Bencecu de Sus in Timiș County

Bencecu de Sus ( German  Bentschek , Deutschbentschek , Hungarian Bencsek , Németbencsek , Felsöbencsek ) is a village in Timiș County , Banat , Romania . Bencecu de Sus belongs to the municipality of Pișchia .

location

Bencecu de Sus is located 25 kilometers northeast of Timișoara . The place can be reached via the county road DJ 691 in the direction of Pișchia and then another seven kilometers via the paved road DC 62.

Neighboring places

Pișchia	Bencecu de Jos	Sălciua Nouă
Sânandrei		Stanciova
Giarmata	Ianova	Herneacova

history

After the Peace of Passarowitz (1718), the Banat began to be colonized by the Habsburg Monarchy . In 1793 the Lippa camera administration decided to found a new German village, Unterbentschek . 48 houses were built on a slope and settled in 1794. In 1806 there were already 106 houses. The village of Unterbentschek existed from 1792–1807. The steep slope on which the houses were built gave the colonists no opportunity to develop. They had neither a garden nor a courtyard around the house. The new settlers were not satisfied with this situation and requested that they be relocated to a hill. The camera administration began in 1806 with the creation of a new village plan and the construction of a new village on the mountain. On May 10, 1807 the Germans began to move from the valley to the mountain. Since then there has been a Deutschbentschek and a Romanianbentschek .

Deutschbentschek is an inland settlement. The first settlers came from the no longer existing village of Mali Torini near Gertjanosch . In addition, families came from the villages of Guttenbrunn , Blumenthal , Königshof , Jahrmarkt , Bruckenau , Glogowatz and from the villages of Zichidorf and Franzdorf, which are now part of Serbia .

In 1814, the Bentschek Kameralgut was given to Prince Field Marshal Karl Schwarzenberg for his services in the fight against Napoleon by Emperor Franz Joseph I , and the residents became serfs. Until 1848, when serfdom was abolished, two landlords changed. As a result of the Austro-Hungarian settlement in February 1867, the Banat came under Hungarian administration internally . A huge wave of Magyarization began, which peaked at the beginning of the 20th century. The place received the official name Felsöbencsek.

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Bentschek also belonged, fell to Romania. Bentschek experienced its heyday in the interwar period. The upswing was evident.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.

At the end of the 1950s, family reunification and relocation to the city or to places closer to the city began. The emigration of Deutschbentscheker to Germany began in 1957. After the fall of the dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu , the last left the village.

economy

Bentschek experienced its heyday in the interwar period. The upswing was evident. The mechanization of agriculture began. The first tractors came to the village. Seeders, sheaf binders, grass mowers, maize setters and two-plow plows found their way into almost every larger farm. The livestock peaked and the wine and fruit growing was a very important source of income for the villagers.

The Deutschbentschek population lived mainly from agriculture and viticulture. Each house had a piece of vineyard. The Bentscheker wine, which was blended with other wines due to its natural acidity, was very popular.

The only industrial enterprise , besides threshing sets, was the grain mill with three rollers and a corn grinder, later a hammer grinder, operated with a slow-running single-cylinder diesel engine. There were craft businesses such as carpenters, wagons, blacksmiths, cooper, tailors, shoemakers, as well as shops .

This period of prosperity and prosperity came to an abrupt end with the start of World War II. By requisitioning horses for the military, agriculture suffered considerable damage. August 23, 1944 brought the end of the economic and social upswing.

Cultural life

There were several clubs in Deutschbentschek before the Second World War. The shooting club was founded as early as 1887 . In 1931 it was dissolved on the basis of a resolution by the Romanian authorities. The funeral association was established in 1890 . He served the bereaved with the burial of their dead with a funeral car, death bearer and grave maker. Almost all households were members of this association.

In 1931 the volunteer fire brigade was founded. There was also a men's choir, a Catholic youth association, a Catholic girls' wreath, a Catholic German women's association and, since 1871, a brass band .

In the pre-war years, but also after the Second World War, a large number of plays were performed in Deutschbentschek . Each club took part in these performances. One-act plays, Schwänke, but also full-length pieces were performed in three to four acts. In the sixties, the theater group of the Kulturheim came to Bucharest with Hans Kehrer's play “Der Korbflechter” with Michael Andree in the leading role and won first prize .

School system

From 1802 there were already school lessons in Unterbentschek. In 1808 the school was founded in Deutschbentschek. Bentschek had one teacher between 1802 and 1859, two between 1859 and 1900, and from then on two and three teachers.

The teacher Franz Marschang has made a special contribution to the cultural life of Deutschbentschek. In addition to the normal lessons, he led special courses in agriculture, evening school for adult education, supported cultural activities, learned plays with the population, organized sporting events and other extracurricular activities.

Despite the difficult economic situation, a new, larger and more modern school was built in 1931, with three large, bright classrooms on the ground floor and three teacher's apartments on the upper floor. Two million lei were raised by the parish to build this school.

church

In 1810 the Bentschekers wrote to the Episcopal Ordinariate , asked for a pastor and undertook to pay the pastor themselves "for the healing of their souls". These letters can still be viewed in the episcopal archives in Timisoara. On August 20, 1825, Bentschek got his first pastor. During the time of the noble Tökely family , the foundation stone of the church was laid on June 19, 1832 and consecrated on September 13, 1833.

In 1900 the church was enlarged with the two aisles. In 1929 the church tower was struck by lightning and was rebuilt. In 1942 the church was renovated and the shingle roof was replaced by brick. In 1943 the church got a new high altar. In the sixties and seventies the church had to be renovated again and again. Today the church is visited by the Hungarian Catholics and the Greek Catholic Romanians . At the 200th anniversary celebration in Deutschbentschek in 2007, the church was consecrated again after a general repair by Monsignor Bishop Martin Roos .

Demographics

The new village of Deutschbentschek had around 129 house spaces with over 300 residents in the year of resettlement in 1807. Despite many epidemics, the population rose steadily. The highest number of inhabitants was in 1900 with 1703 people. From this year on one can clearly observe the decrease of the population, especially the German one. As a result of war, deportation and resettlement, the number of inhabitants decreased from year to year. In 1985 there were 168 Germans and in 1995 the last German family left Deutschbentschek.

census		Ethnicity
year	Residents	Romanians	German	Hungary	Other
1880	1,594	49	1,522	14th	7th
1900	1,703	37	1,638	21st	7th
1941	1,433	17th	1,380	36	-
1977	1,027	517	469	39	2
2002	848	808	10	22nd	8th

literature

• Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
• Hans Weresch : Monograph by Bentschek, 1979
• Adam Handl: Deutschbentschek, a village in the Banat, 1981
• Adam Handl: School and Church, 1981
• Adam Kuhn: The history of the community Deutschbentschek, 1792

Web links

• deutschbentschek.de , Deutschbentschek
• banater-schwaben.org , Deutschbentschek

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} deutschbentschek.de/historie ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Jakob Lehmann: Deutschbentschek - a village in the Banat
2. ↑ ^{a b c} deutschbentschek.de/schulwesen ( memento from November 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), Deutschbentschek. School system
3. ↑ ^{a b} deutschbentschek.de/kirche ( memento from January 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Deutschbentschek. church
4. ↑ kia.hu , (PDF; 982 kB) E. Varga: Statistics of the number of inhabitants by ethnic group in the Timiș district according to censuses from 1880 - 2002