Radiesthesia

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Radiesthesia (also radioesthesia ; from Latin radius 'ray' and Greek αἴσθησις aisthesis 'sensory perception') is the study of the alleged effects of radiation on organisms. The investigation of the rays and their effects takes place by means of a paranormal radiation sensitivity or radiation sensitivity, which sensitive people should have after assuming their followers. The postulated radiations are just as little proven as their perception by living beings. Furthermore, these alleged rays are not classified in any way. Radiesthesia is assigned to the para-sciences or pseudosciences where it makes scientific claims . Radiesthesia must be distinguished from the documented and measurable effect of ionizing and sometimes non-ionizing radiation on organisms.

Areas of application

Radiesthesia is divided into two areas:

  • The physical dowsing studied tangible objects such as minerals, metals, plants or animal body. It assumes that all physical objects are based on vibrations. One of the founders of physical radiesthesia is the physicist Reinhard Schneider , who developed the Lecher rod. The Lecher rod, based on the Lecher line , is the main instrument of physical radiesthesia.
  • The mental dowsing examines all subtle phenomena such. B. Energy bodies or so-called "remote effects". You can still find the terms odic radiesthesia (examinations of the aura) and psychic radiesthesia (examinations of the human psyche), which are now counted as mental radiesthesia.

Radiesthesia deals with:

Instruments

The instrument used in radiesthesia is the divining rod , which has been attested since the Middle Ages . In the meantime, other designs such as the one-handed rod (called tensor or nick) and the Lecher rod are also used. Sidereal pendulums are also used .

The process of "detection" by the instruments listed is referred to in radiesthesia as muten or mutation .

history

In the middle of the 19th century, the Viennese neurologist and university professor Moriz Benedikt used dowsing rods to find the “ pathogenic places” he postulated .

In 1929, the German natural scientist Gustav Freiherr von Pohl introduced the concept of earth rays , based on subterranean water veins that would emit radiation harmful to humans, animals and plants that penetrate the earth's surface and can be detected by particularly gifted people (radiesthetes).

Between 1930 and 1945 the “radiation search ” reached its heyday, and the Abbé Alexis Timothée Bouly coined the term “radiesthesia” in his work La Radiesthésie ou comment devenir expert… published around 1931 . In addition, the term "geopathy" was introduced for the allegedly harmful effects of certain places.

In the 1950s, the "radiation spectrum " was expanded to include the so-called global network grids (GNG). The term global grids can now also be found with the abbreviation GGN.

Between 1945 and 1951 Siegfried Wittmann first described a square grid, which should run in NE-SW and NW-SE directions with a line spacing of around 3.6 meters. The well-known publication came from Manfred Curry in 1952 , but did not mention the name Wittmann. Therefore, this grid is usually referred to as a curry grid or curry net. An older name is also diagonal grating.

In 1953, Anton Benker postulated a cubic spatial grid system that should subdivide the entire surface of the earth and the space above it into cube-shaped fields at a distance of ten meters. This grid system is called the Benker cube system and is seen in radiesthesia as a superordinate system to the Hartmann grid.

Since the publication of the grids, there has been a controversial discussion within radiesthesia as to whether the grid lines or grid intersections are harmful to living beings or not. Käthe Bachler provided a new approach to this. She takes the view that it is sufficient to determine the so-called good place or good place (e.g. for sleeping places). The good place is to be understood as a spatially narrowly limited area that is "radiation-free" and should thus guarantee relaxation and well-being.

Concepts

Water veins

Water veins are considered to be the cause of deviations in the earth’s magnetic field and earth radiation, and thus a health hazard , as are fissures and faults with radiesthetes .

However, neither a health-endangering effect nor earth radiation as such could be proven by scientific studies. Above underground rivers there are no changes in the geomagnetic field or any other of the anomalies claimed, the same applies to faults and fissures in the rock. In general, geological investigations only allow conclusions to be drawn about the presence of linear water bodies in karstified limestone formations or strongly fissured solid rock. The gathering and veining effect of the groundwater flowing due to hydraulic gradients, assumed by the radiestheses, is proven and easily verifiable wrong, since groundwater in the geologically young loose sediments that cover large parts of Germany, flows diffusely and largely homogeneously, as in every major civil engineering project or in Open pit mining is easy to spot.

The directors' conference of the geological state offices of the Federal Republic of Germany published a resolution as early as March 23, 1950, according to which "the geologists of almost all civilized states in the world consider the connection between rod deflection and rays to be improbable".

Hartmann grid

Hartmann grid in Central Europe

Ernst Hartmann described for the first time in 1954 and from 1964 in his book illness as a location problem a rectangular grid of so-called stimulus strips. These should run in the magnetic north-south direction (in Central Europe) with a distance of about 2 meters and in the east-west direction with about 2.5 meters. The individual fields should have an alternating “polarity”. The width of the grid should vary from 2.5 to 4 meters depending on the location. The basic alignment should also deviate by up to 10 degrees. The core stripe (irritant stripe), a so-called "Hartmann line" , should be around 20 to 30 centimeters wide. The results of Hartmann's investigations have not yet been scientifically confirmed. By skeptics the thesis of the grid is therefore a pseudoscience called, by the vast majority of scientific publications the thesis is simply ignored and at least since 1972, according to Web of Science no scientific publications published about dowsing.

In the opinion of dowsers and other radiesthetes, the “global grid” is a natural, geomagnetic grid. The radiesthetes Peyré and Hiller described it as early as the 1930s. Hartmann called this structure the global network grid . In radiesthesia, the name Hartmann grid or Hartmann grid is now common. One also finds the designation Hartmannnetz or Hartmann-Netz.

In the opinion of the radiesthetes, health impairments are to be expected at the points where Hartmann lines intersect or at the intersections of Hartmann lines and other sources of irritation (e.g. underground water veins , faults ), depending on the level of the stimulus.

From 1949 Ernst Hartmann carried out geophysical experiments such as measurements of the soil conductivity, the earth's magnetic field strength and also experiments with VHF field strength measurements, mainly at the grid intersections, in order to prove the existence and the effect of the global grid. In the years 1969 to 1980 systematic gamma radiation and nuclear radiation measurements were also carried out. According to Hartmann, these tests partly showed significant correlations that certain physical parameters such as B. change the electrical conductivity of the ground and air or the electromagnetic field strength in "geopathogenic zones". He documented his attempts in his book Illness as a Location Problem . The results of Hartmann's investigations have not yet been confirmed by the natural sciences. The Hartmann lattice now has a permanent place in radiesthesia and in related parts of building biology .

There are various approaches to prove the postulated global grid, none of which are scientifically recognized. In his book Errt die Physik , published in 2003, the physicist Martin Lambeck suggests several scientific tests that are suitable for proving the existence of earth rays, if they existed. So far none of these tests have been carried out with a positive result.

Bovis units

In Bovis units (abbr. BE , not to be confused with bread unit ), radiesthesia indicates the strength of a “life” or “ subtle ” energy. The origin of the name Bovis is attributed to a French radiesthesist from Nice named André Bovis (1871-1947). The entire theory on which this unit is based is scientifically unsubstantiated, the figures obtained seem intuitive and cannot be falsified .

Some sources equate Bovis units with Ångström as the wavelength of the "measured" vibration. The wavelength of a radiation can be given in Ångström, the wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency and thus to the energy ; larger wavelengths correspond to lower energies. However, since the existence of this radiation has not been scientifically proven, it is questionable to want to describe it with physical parameters.

It is sometimes the practice to use the Bovis unit to diagnose diseases . This is not a medically acceptable practice.

literature

  • Gustav Freiherr von Pohl: Earth rays as pathogens . Hubers, this near Munich 1932. Newly published since 1978 under the title: Earth rays as pathogens and cancerous pathogens . 5th edition. Lebenskunde, Düsseldorf 1985, ISBN 3-921179-24-6 .
  • Otto Prokop , Wolf Wimmer : dowsing rod, earth rays, radiesthesia. The occult radiation sensitivity teachings in the light of science . 5th edition. Thieme, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 978-3-432-84473-2 .
  • Herbert L. König and Hans-Dieter Betz : Earth rays? The dowsing report. Scientific investigation report . Self-published by König, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-923819-05-6 .
  • Hans-Dieter Betz: Secret divining rod. Superstition and truth about dowsers and earth rays . Umschau, Frankfurt am Main 1990, ISBN 3-524-69086-6 .
  • Hartmut Lüdeling: Handbook of Radiaesthesia - focus on handle length technology. 4th edition. Drachen-Verlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-927369-28-3 .
  • Hubert Palm: The healthy house: Our near environmental protection Reichl, O., 1992 ISBN 978-387667031-7
  • Gertrud I. Hürlimann: "Rod and pendulum. A methodically structured textbook for beginners and advanced users". 5th revised and expanded edition 2003, Oesch Verlag, Zurich ISBN 3-0350-1503-1

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eberlein: Small Lexicon of Parasciences. C. H. Beck Verlag, Munich 1995.
  2. ^ William F. Williams: Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience.
  3. ↑ a b Archived copy ( memento of the original from April 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.geobiologie.de
  4. ↑ http://www.werosa.ch/pendeln/lexikon.html
  5. ↑ http://www.rutengeher.com/erdstrahl/strahlensucher/index.html
  6. ↑ http://www.rutengeher.com/erdstrahl/strahlfluechter/index.html
  7. ↑ Sir William Barrett , Theodore Besterman : The Divining Rod: An Experimental and Psychological Investigation. Methuen, London 1926, pp. 1ff. (A Brief Historical Sketch of Browsing) .
  8. ↑ Gaston Burridge : Does the Forked Stick Locate Anything? An Inquiry into the Art of Dowsing. In: Western Folklore. Volume 14, 1, 1955, pp. 32-43.
  9. ↑ Michael R. Lynn: Divining the Enlightenment: Public Opinion and Popular Science in Old Regime France. In: Isis. Volume 91, 1, 2001, pp. 34-54.
  10. ↑ a b c Earth rays: Danger from below? In: The Brockhaus multimedial 2005, Version 7.
  11. ↑ see web link ARD broadcast: What is it about earth rays and water veins?
  12. ↑ With the divining rod. In: Die Zeit No. 10/1954. March 11, 1954, archived from the original on February 3, 2008 ; Retrieved April 12, 2009 .
  13. ^ Ernst Hartmann: Disease as a Location Problem, Volume 1, Haug Verlag, Heidelberg, 5th Edition 1986, ISBN 3-7760-0653-6 , pp. 164, 285, 324, 331–341, 355–363, 501–502, 513, 581, 587, 606.
  14. ↑ M. Mettler: Power Grid Guide. Moser Verlag, Zurich 1990, ISBN 3-907027-22-4 .
  15. ↑ Bamberg Skeptics, Geocomics Projects ( Memento from October 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ http://apps.isiknowledge.com/WOS_GeneralSearch_input.do?product=WOS&SID=Y1J5a6HeaGO9PLGOmGH&search_mode=GeneralSearch  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / apps.isiknowledge.com
  17. ↑ Siegfried Wittmann: The dowsing rod in Pakraduny, Tigran: The world of secret powers. Verlag Tiroler Graphik, Innsbruck 1953, (Verlag Löwit 1970).
  18. ^ Adolf Flachenegger: Lessons for dowsers and commuters. Verlag Reichhart, Linz, October 2004, ISBN 3-200-00185-2 , letter 10. Grid according to Dr. Peyre / Dr. Curry.
  19. ^ Ernst Hartmann: Illness as a location problem , Volume 1, 5th edition. Haug Verlag, Heidelberg 1986, ISBN 3-7760-0653-6 , pp. 502, 513, 587.
  20. ↑ Radiesthetists use the term “stimulus value” for a measure that increases in steps of one hundred.
  21. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) magazine Wetter-Boden-Mensch, issue 6/2001
  22. ^ Ernst Hartmann: Illness as a location problem , Volume 1, 5th edition. Haug Verlag, Heidelberg 1986, ISBN 3-7760-0653-6 , pp. 183-189.
  23. ^ Ernst Hartmann: Illness as a location problem , Volume 1, 5th edition. Haug Verlag, Heidelberg 1986, ISBN 3-7760-0653-6 , p. 457.
  24. ^ Ernst Hartmann: Illness as a location problem , Volume 1, 5th edition. Haug Verlag, Heidelberg 1986, ISBN 3-7760-0653-6 , p. 257.
  25. ^ Ernst Hartmann: Illness as a location problem , Volume 1, 5th edition. Haug Verlag, Heidelberg 1986, ISBN 3-7760-0653-6 , p. 509.
  26. ↑ Ernst Neufert : Building design theory. Friedr. Vieweg und Sohn Verlag / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-528-99651-X , see Basics: Indoor Climate, Building Biology.