Weißsporstachelingsverwandte

Weißsporstachelingsverwandte
Violet white spore thorn ( Bankera violascens )
Systematics
Department : Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota) Subdivision : Agaricomycotina Class : Agaricomycetes Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis) Order : Warty mushrooms (Thelephorales) Family : Weißsporstachelingsverwandte
Scientific name
Bankeraceae
Donk

The Weißsporstachelingsverwandten (Bankeraceae) are a family of ectomycorrhizal fungi from the order of the warty mushroom-like (Thelephorales). The fruit bodies are divided into hat and stem and have a hydnoid or poroid hymenophore (fruit layer carrier ). The hyphae are often inflated and the inamyloid spores are usually quite small. They are ornamented either hyaline and prickly or brown and nodular and warty . The warts can become increasingly forked and / or fused. The family has over 120 species and 5 genera and is predominantly found in the northern temperate zone.

features

The annual, fleshy or tough and woody fruiting bodies have a hat and a central or eccentric stem. They are whitish, cream-colored, brownish or gray to blackish-brown in color. Yellow or reddish shades are rare. The hat surface is initially felty and can sometimes become cracked or scaly later. The hymenium is poroid, prickly or ribbed and usually colored white, cream or gray, rarely brown or purple.

The hyphae system is monomitic . Skeletal hyphae are very rare. The generative hyphae are often bulged or inflated, buckles can be present or absent. Also Zystiden may occasionally be present. The four-pore basidia are club-shaped. A basal buckle can be present or absent. The very small, inamyloid basidiospores are almost spherical to ellipsoid and thin-walled. They are hyaline and prickly or brown and bumpy-warty.

Genera

The family has over 120 described species, which are distributed over 5 genera. Except for the genus Corneroporus , all genera are represented in Europe.

The genera of the Weißsporstachelingsverwandte

photo Generic name description Weißsporstachelinge Bankera Coker & Beers ex Pouzar 5 species are described worldwide. The genus is characterized by its white spore powder and the pale, fleshy, soft and brittle meat that has a noticeable smell of Maggi or curry. The ectomycorrhizal fungi have a hydnoid hymenophore and spherical to ellipsoidal and prickly ornamented spores. Photo: Violetter Weißsporstacheling ( Bankera violascens ) Soot sporrows Boletopsis fayod The genus has 12 species described worldwide. The ectomycorrhizal fungi grow on the ground. They have a mostly centrally stalked hat and a cream-colored to gray and often pink to purple-tinted, porous hymenophore. The hyphae have buckles on most of the septa. The meat is soft to tough and fibrous. The sooty-gray Porlinge have prickly to warty spores and a whitish to cream-colored spore powder. Photo: Black and White Rußporling ( Boletopsis leucomelaena ) Corneroporus T. Hatt. Worldwide with only one species. The type species C. subcitrinus ( Syn .: Boletopsis subcitrina ) is a porling native to Southeast Asia ( Malaysia ). Cork spikes Hydnellum P. Karst. The genus is characterized by its freshly elastic to fibrous and dry, firm and woody flesh, the brown spore powder. The individually standing, sociable or fused fruit bodies are divided into hat and stem. The crowded spines are small to large and usually run down the stalk. They are white to yellowish, olive green and sometimes tinged orange. When ripe, they turn light to dark brown. The knotty-warty spores are almost spherical to elongated. Photo: Orange-red cork spike ( Hydnellum aurantiacum ) Phellodon Phellodon P. Karst. 18 species have been described worldwide. The genus is characterized by its white spore powder, the fibrous-elastic to corky-woody meat and the prickly hymenophore. The fruit bodies, which are often fused together, are divided into a hat and a stem. The meat is thin and often two-layered (duplex structure) and smells lovage - or fenugreek-like . The hyphae, which are often inflated, are strongly interwoven under the surface and aligned parallel below; buckles may be present or absent. The spores are ornamented more or less spherical and nodular-warty. Individual warts can often protrude far. Photo: Schwarzer Duftstacheling ( Phellodon niger ) Braunsporstachelinge Sarcodon Author Worldwide, the genus has almost 50 described species and is characterized within the family by the brown spore powder and the brittle, only slightly fibrous meat that breaks almost like chalk. The hat is usually scaly and the stem is greenish or bluish-black in color at the base. The initially pale, later mostly brown spines usually run down the stem. The almost spherical and brownish spores have a nodular, warty (tuberculates) ornament. The mushrooms do not have a noticeable odor of curry or maggi. Photo: Habichtspilz ( Sarcodon imbricatus )

meaning

Some species like the hawk fungus are edible at least when they are young.

Distribution and ecology

The family is widespread, but mostly found in the northern temperate zone. The representatives form an ectomycorrhiza with different coniferous and deciduous trees, mostly with different pine or beech plants .

Systematics

The family was introduced in 1961 by M. Donk. At that time he separated the white-spore and stalked species of the genus Bankera and Phellodon from the resupinate and brown-spore and stalked species of the Thelephoraceae . Despite the apparent similarity of the two genera with Sarcodon and Hydnellum , Donk did not consider the genera to be closely related. He considered the brown spore color and the uneven shape of the spores (due to the bumpy warts) to be decisive exclusion criteria.

Other authors, such as JA Stalpers, considered the brown and white spore taxa to be closely related and placed both groups in relation to the thelephoroid fungi. In the meantime, numerous molecular biological studies of the rDNA genes have shown that the genera are closely related and belong to the thelephoroid community . It is not yet certain whether they actually form a monophylum .

proof

• Bankeraceae Donk. In: Mycobank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) . International Mycological Association, accessed February 18, 2015 . 

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} Mario A. Donk: Four new families of Hymenomycetes . In: Persoonia . tape 1 , no. 4 , 1961, pp. 405-407 ( cybertruffle.org ). www.cybertruffle.org ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ ^{a b} PF. Cannon, PM. Kirk: Fungal Families of the World . CAB International, 2007, ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5 , pp. 127-8 ( books.google.com ).
3. ^ Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: About the genus Bankera. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 17, 2015 .  
4. ^ Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: About the genus Boletopsis. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 17, 2015 .  
5. ↑ ^{a b} YES Stalpers: The aphyllophoraceous fungi I . Keys to the species of the Thelephorales. In: Stud. Mycol . tape 35 , 1993, pp. 168 p . ( cbs.knaw ).
6. ↑ EJH Corner: Ad Polyporaceas V . In: Supplements to Nova Hedwigia . tape 96 , 1989, pp. 1-218 ( mycobank.org ).
7. ^ ^{A b} RE Baird & SR Khan: The stipitate Hydnums (Thelephoraceae) of Florida . In: Brittonia . tape 30 , 1986, pp. 171-184 .
8. ^ Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: About the genus Hydnellum. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 17, 2015 .  
9. ^ Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: About the genus Phellodon. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 17, 2015 .  
10. ^ Jens H. Petersen & Thomas Læssøe: About the genus Sarcodon. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 17, 2015 .  
11. ^ MA Donk: A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophorales . In: Persoonia . tape 3 , p. 246-247 ( cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber ).
12. ↑ DS Hibbett, LB Gilbert, MJ Donoghue: Evolutionary instability of ectomycorrhizal symbioses in basidiomycetes . In: Nature . tape 407 , 2000, pp. 506-508 ( online [PDF]).
13. ↑ DS Hibbett & M. Binder: Evolution of complex fruiting-body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes . In: Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci . tape 269 , 2002, pp. 1963–1969 ( online [PDF]).
14. ↑ ^{a b} K.-H. Larsson, E. Larsson, U. Koljalg: High phylogenetic diversity among corticioid homobasidiomycetes . In: Mycol. Res . tape 108 , 2004, pp. 983-1002 .

Web links

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