Historia Welforum

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The Historia Welforum is the Latin history of the Swabian Guelphs from around 1170. It is considered to be an important part of the history of the 12th century, especially since it is “exclusively dedicated to the history of a princely family. It is thus also the oldest detailed family history of occidental literature. ”In parts it is based on the older and much shorter Genealogia Welforum .

The Genealogia Welforum

The Genealogia Welforum, which was created in 1125/26 and is only available in Cod. Lat. 21563 of the Munich State Library (fol. 41) describes in little more than 400 words the succession of generations within the family of the Guelphs. It begins with a progenitor, Eticho, from the first half of the 9th century, who was passed down orally for more than 300 years, and ends after nine generations in the time of Henry the Black . It is found that four generations were lost over the time of oral tradition and that the history of the origin of the family (a Welfin marries an Emperor Ludwig) was related to the wrong people. In addition to the misunderstood tradition, the author also provides the alleged descent from a Roman Catiline in an attempt to explain the guiding name Welf: Catilina = catulus = puppy = puppy = Welf.

The Historia Welforum

The Historia Welforum was created between 1167 and 1174 at the court of the Duke of Spoleto, Welf VI. , so two generations after the Genealogia, which was partially taken over verbatim in the Historia, expanded and corrected in the original saga, but in which three generations are still missing: The Historia Welforum is about 35 times longer than the Genealogia. It begins with the progenitor Welf I as a contemporary of Charlemagne , then inserts an alleged descent from the Trojans to the Catiline story and mentions the power and wealth of the family, which allowed the emperor to be refused feudal homage - as did the Welfen actually dared to deal with Emperor Heinrich IV and therefore probably set themselves up as a tradition in the Historia.

The Historia Welforum ends in 1167 with the transfer and burial of the heir Welf VII , but does not mention the sale of the property in Italy to Emperor Frederick I , which probably took place in 1174; this is reserved for the continuation of the Historia, which was made in the Steingaden monastery .

Author and place of origin

Until well into the 20th century, the prevailing opinion in research was that the Historia was the work of a monk from the Guelph monastery in Weingarten , without this view having been subjected to a critical examination beforehand. The reason for this determination was the fact that the oldest known manuscript of the Historia has evidently originated in the Weingarten monastery. Only the acquisition of another manuscript by the Prussian State Library in 1919 (Ms. lat. Quart. 795) and its examination by Helene Wieruszowski shed light on the origin of the manuscript - including the knowledge that the Weingarten copy is only a copy and not the original. The newly discovered manuscript comes from the Altomünster monastery , which, however, is not the place where the chronicle was written. Rather, it can be assumed that the author was a clergyman who worked at the court of Duke Welf VI. lived and not in a monastery without, however, making its identity clearer.

For a long time, the Genealogia was also considered an extract from the Historia, until Georg Waitz proved in 1881 that the Historia was younger and that the Genealogia was the source. For the genealogia it is also true that it is probably in the environment of the (young) Welf VI. originated.

The manuscripts

The Historia u. a .:

  • Cod. D 11 of the Fulda University and State Library ; this manuscript was created in the last decades of the 12th century in Weingarten ( digitized version )
  • Cod. Lat. 12202a of the Bavarian State Library in Munich; this manuscript comes from the Augustinian canons of Rottenbuch and was written at the end of the 13th century; it is a copy of the lost copy of the Steingaden monastery. sa 'Chronicon Altorfensium' sive Historia Welforum Weingartensis - BSB Clm 12202 a.
  • Histor. Manuscript 2 No. 359 of the Württemberg State Library in Stuttgart; this copy of the Steingaden copy dates from 1503
  • Manuscript HB XV, 72 of the Stuttgart Court Library (now in the State Library), also a copy of the Steingaden copy
  • Ms. lat. Quart 795 of the Berlin State Library (fol. 70r – 83r)

Other fully preserved manuscripts are copies of these manuscripts

The Weingartener Stifterbüchlein (around 1510) also goes back to the Historia Welforum .

The Genealogia and the Historia as a source

The content of the Genealogia and the Historia are controversial in research whether their truth content.

The statements about the progenitor are correct, at least in the Historia: Welf's daughter Judith marries Ludwig the Pious and becomes the mother of Charles the Bald . The following generation sequence is shortened, however, at the beginning four or three generations are missing, only with Rudolf (3rd or 4th generation, in fact probably already the third of this name), who lived in the middle of the 10th century, does the correct family line begin .

However, the next problem is immediately connected with this Rudolf: “Rudolf took Ita from the house of Öhningen as his wife; her father was the noble Count Kuno, but her mother was a daughter of Emperor Otto the Great "named Richlind". As Wolf proved in 1980, Kuno von Öhningen is Duke Konrad I of Swabia , and the statement makes the descendants of Konrad's blood relatives of the imperial family, Konrad's son Hermann II of Swabia , who applied for the imperial crown in 1002 , a close relative of Emperor Otto III, who died in the same year . (For details see article Richlind ). It is above all this statement of the Genealogia and the Historia that is controversial in research.

“This Kuno fathered four sons: Egebert, Margrave von Stade , Leopald, Liutold, Kuno and four daughters, one of whom was our Rudolf, the second one from Rheinfelden, an ancestor of the Zähringer , the third the King of the Rugians and the fourth a count von Andechs married. “When Karl Schmid succeeded in 1966 in a memorial entry from the Reichenau monastery from 983 or shortly thereafter, a list of ten people who could be assigned to the Kuno von Öhningen family , the parallel statement in Genealogia and the Historia understandable: Schmid's discovery also benefited the assessment of the Genealogia and the Historia Welforum as a reliable source.

expenditure

Historia Welforum
Genealogia Welforum
  • Georg Grandaur: An old genealogy of the Guelphs and the monk of Weingarten History of the Guelphs . (= Historian of the German prehistory; 68). 1882 ( digitized version ), 2nd edition 1895 ( digitized version )

literature

  • Helene Wieruszowski: News on the so-called Weingarten sources of the history of the Guelphs. In: New Archive of the Society for Older German History 49 (1930), pp. 56–85
  • Wilhelm Wattenbach , Franz-Josef Schmale (Hrsg.): Germany historical sources in the Middle Ages. From the death of Emperor Heinrich V to the end of the interregnum. Volume 1 (1976), pp. 298-302
  • Gerd Althoff : Occasions for the written fixation of noble self-image. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 134 (1986), pp. 34–46, here: pp. 40f
  • Otto Gerhard Oexle : Noble self-image and its connection with liturgical commemoration - the example of the Guelphs. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 134 (1986), pp. 47-75.
  • Peter Johanek : Historia Welforum . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 5, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1991, ISBN 3-7608-8905-0 , column 44 f.
  • Matthias Becher : The author of the "Historia Welforum" between Heinrich the Lion and the southern German ministerials of the Guelph House. In: Johannes Fried , Otto Gerhard Oexle : Heinrich the lion. Dominion and representation (= lectures and research. Vol. 57). Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2003, ISBN 3-7995-6657-0 , pp. 374-380 ( online ).

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ König, p. VIII
  2. ↑ in detail on this König, pp. VII – XXIV
  3. ↑ Genealogia, Chapter 4
  4. ^ Supplement to the Historia, Chapter 6
  5. ↑ Armin Wolf : Who was Kuno "von Öhningen"? Reflections on the Duchy of Konrad von Schwaben († 997) and the election of a king in 1002. In: Deutsches Archiv 36 (1980), pp. 25–83
  6. ↑ Genealogia, Chapter 4, and the Historia, Chapter 6, there Dießen instead of Andechs (but what is meant is the same); The Rurikide Vladimir I , Grand Duke of Kiev is accepted as the "King of the Rugians"
  7. ↑ Karl Schmid: Problem with the "Count Kuno von Öhningen". A contribution to the origin of the Guelph house tradition and the beginnings of the Hohenstaufen territorial policy in the Lake Constance area. In: Herbert Berner (ed.): Village and monastery Öhningen. 1966
  8. ^ MGH Libri memoriales et Necrologia, Nova series 1: The Book of Fraternities of the Reichenau Abbey , plate 135; the names are: [1] Cuonradus comes / [2] Liutoldus laicus / [3] Cuonradus laicus / [4] Herimannus / [5] Ita [6] Júdita / [7] Richlint / [8] Ruo- / dolf / [ 9] Vuelf Heinrich [10] Heinrich; the numbers are inserted for better understanding, a new column begins between [6] and [7] in the same handwriting