Viktor Nikolaevich Werzner

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Viktor Nikolayevich Werzner ( Russian Виктор Николаевич Верцнер , Ukrainian Віктор Миколайович Верцнер Viktor Mykolajowytsch Werzner ; born November 4 . Jul / 17th November  1909 . Greg in Kakhovka ; † 9. April 1980 in Moscow ) was a Ukrainian - Russian physicist , builder of first Soviet electron microscope and university professor .

Life

Werzner, the son of a pharmacist , began working as a locksmith in Odessa in 1926 . He then studied physics at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (LPI) , graduating in 1935.

Werzner then worked in the Leningrad Optics Institute (GOI) founded by DS Roschdestwensky , initially as an aspirant (until 1939) at AA Lebedew , who led him to electron diffraction . He received his doctorate in technical sciences and taught at the LPI from 1938 (and from 1941 at the Leningrad Institute of Technology, Mechanics and Optics (LITMO) ).

Werzner's electron microscope 1943

In 1939 Werzner began at the GOI with active support from Lebedev and the scientific director of the GOI SI Wawilow to develop the first Soviet electron microscope . At the end of 1940 he and his colleagues presented the first experimental model of an electron microscope with 10,000-fold magnification and 400 Å resolution . During the German-Soviet War , work in Yoshkar-Ola was continued in the evacuated GOI, so that by 1943 a 20,000-fold magnification and 150 Å resolution were achieved.

In 1946 the State Defense Committee of the USSR initiated the production of a small series of electron microscopes with 25,000 times magnification and 100 Å resolution. In 1947 series production began in the Krasnogorsk factory , so that in 1949 the EM-3 was delivered with 100 Å resolution (and with 60 Å resolution after the modernization in 1952). Further development by Werzner and employees led to series production of the EM-4 in 1957. The EM-5 from the Krasnogorsk plant was exhibited together with other devices at the Expo 58 in Brussels and was awarded an honorary prize (second prize).

1952–1957 Werzner used electron spectroscopy methods to examine semiconductor layers , photoresistors and germanium diodes . In view of the increasing variety of international device production, he proposed a classification of the devices according to their resolution. Werzner led the further electron microscope development, which in 1967 led to the EM-11 and then to the EM-14. He died while on a business trip in Moscow .

Honors

Individual evidence

  1. М. М. Мирошников: Кто есть кто в ГОИ: биографический справочник (Volume 1) . ГОИ, St. Petersburg 1998, p. 46 .
  2. Ченцов Ю. В .: К 100-летию со дня рождения В. Н. Верцнера . In: Оптический журнал . tape 76 , no. 11 , 2009, p. 84-85 .
  3. Государственный Оптический Институт им. С.И. Вавилова (accessed January 3, 2016).
  4. Верцнер В. Н .: Советский электронный микроскоп . In: Природа . tape 30 , no. 4 , 1941, pp. 72-73 .
  5. Верцнер В. Н .: Электронный микроскоп Государственного оптического института . In: Изв. АН СССР. Сер. физ. tape 8 , no. 5 , 1944, pp. 232-234 .
  6. Постановление ГКО № 8233 от 20 апреля 1945 г. «Об изготовлении опытной партии электронных микроскопов в ГОИ НКВ СССР».
  7. Верцнер В. Н .: Электронный микроскоп ЭМ-3 . In: Опт.-механ. пром-сть. tape 18 , no. 6 , 1951, pp. 1-6 .
  8. Верцнер В. Н .: Работы ГОИ в области электронной микроскопии . In: Труды ГОИ . tape 27 , no. 156 , 1960, pp. 24-53 .
  9. Верцнер В. Н .: Основные тенденции в современном электронномикроскопостроении . In: Изв. АН СССР. Сер. физ. tape 23 , no. 4 , 1959, pp. 426-435 .
  10. Верцнер В. Н. и др .: Электронные микроскопы ЭМ-11 и ЭМ-9 . In: Изв. АН СССР. Сер. физ. tape 32 , no. 6 , 1968, p. 920-922 .