Alexander Alexejewitsch Lebedew

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Alexander Alexejewitsch Lebedew (as a student)

Alexander Alekseyevich Lebedev ( Russian Александр Алексеевич Лебедев * November 15 . Jul / 27. November  1893 greg. In Panevezys ; † 15. March 1969 in Leningrad ) was a Lithuanian - Russian physicist and university teacher .

Life

Lebedew, son of the noble teacher of chemistry and natural history and director of the Ponewiescher Realschule Alexei Stepanowitsch Lebedew, attended the Realschule in St. Petersburg until 1911 and then studied physics at the University of St. Petersburg . At the suggestion of II Borgmann , he wrote the thesis on the applicability of Stokes' equation to liquid droplets in a viscous medium , with which he completed his studies in 1916.

In 1919 Lebedev joined the Optics Institute (GOI) founded in 1918 by DS Roschdestwenski in Petrograd . There he built up the department for applied optics , which he headed for many years. He developed an improved Michelson interferometer for more precise measurement of the meter standard . 1922–1926 he was an associate lecturer and senior assistant at the chair of physics at the University of Petrograd / Leningrad. In 1925 he received an invitation to give a lecture from the London Glass Conference, which he did not accept. In 1930 he was seconded to a nine-month residency with WH Bragg at the Davy-Faraday Research Laboratory of the Royal Institution of Great Britain . There he studied the methodology of X-ray spectroscopy and examined the electron diffraction of powders . In 1931 he founded a group for X-ray structure analysis . There, the structures of optical glasses were examined depending on the special annealing processes. 1936 confirmed the group, which also includes YES Porai-Koschiz belonged to the existence of micro- crystalline areas in such glasses. This work made a significant contribution to improving the quality of optical glasses through improved annealing processes.

In the summer of 1934 Lebedev led the GOI expedition to the Elbrus , in which WG Wafiadi also took part. The variation of the light intensity during the day-night course was investigated to determine the transparency of the earth's atmosphere , especially the clouds, in a wide spectral range up to the far infrared . In April 1935 he was made a real member of the GOI. A few months later he received an honorary doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences . In 1939 he became a Corresponding Member and in 1943 a Real Member of the Academy of Sciences (AN-SSSR) .

Lebedev's electron microscope 1943

During the German-Soviet War Lebedev developed the calculation bases for electron optics on the basis of classical optics . The properties of semiconductors and their application in optoelectronic components were also examined . In 1943 the first Soviet prototype of an electron microscope was created . From 1944 to 1952 Lebedev was the scientific director of the Research Institute of Electron Optics and Infrared Technology (NII-801) of the Ministry of Defense Industry, which later became the Institute of Applied Physics of the Orion Society . Series production began in 1946. For this Lebedew, WN Werzner and NG Sandin received the Stalin Prize 2nd class.

In 1947 Lebedev took over the chair of electrodynamics at the University of Leningrad. After investigating gas discharges since the 1950s, he and his colleagues ( BA Yermakow , AA Mak , AD Starikow and others) began to work on the basics of laser technology and to develop laser rangefinders . The investigations into the glass structure were also continued. 1972–1973 a quasi-crystalline model was discussed by his colleagues .

Lebedev was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1950-1956) and deputy chairman of the Union Soviet (1953-1956).

Lebedev was buried in the Leningrad Bogoslovskoye Cemetery.

Honors

Web links

Commons : Alexander Alexejewitsch Lebedew  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Article Lebedew Alexander Alexejewitsch in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D037448~2a%3DLebedew%20Alexander%20Alexejewitsch~2b%3DLebedew%20Alexander%20Alexejewitsch
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Лебедев Александр Алексеевич Герой Социалистического Труда (accessed January 17, 2017).
  3. ↑ В. Н. Верцнер, Л. П. Страхов: Александр Алексеевич Лебедев (некролог) . In: Успехи физических наук . tape 99 , no. 1 , 1969, p. 153-154 .
  4. ↑ JA Chramow: Lebedew Alexander Alexejewitsch . In: AI Achijeser : Physics: Biographical Lexicon . Nauka, Moscow 1983, p. 157 (Russian).
  5. ↑ Государственный Оптический Институт им. С.И. Вавилова (accessed January 3, 2016).
  6. ↑ могилы Александра Алексеевича и Александра Александровича Лебедевых (accessed January 17, 2017).
personal data
SURNAME Lebedew, Alexander Alexejewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Лебедев, Александр Алексеевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lithuanian-Russian physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH November 27, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Ponewiesch
DATE OF DEATH March 15, 1969
Place of death Leningrad