Ivan Ivanovich Borgman

Ivan Ivanovich Borgman

Ivan Ivanovich Borgman ( Russian Иван Иванович Боргман * February 24 ^{. Jul} / 8. March  1849 ^greg. In St. Petersburg , † May 17th ^{. Jul} / 30th May  1914 ^{. Greg} ) was a Russian physicist and university teacher .

Life

Borgman, son of a Jew who immigrated from Finland and who had become Russian, and his Russian wife, graduated from the 2nd St. Petersburg grammar school and then studied physics at the University of St. Petersburg with a degree in 1866.

Borgman stayed at the university and became a physics candidate in 1870 . In 1873 he was sent to the University of Heidelberg to study with Gustav Kirchhoff . In 1875 he became an assistant at the University of St. Petersburg. In 1877 he became a private lecturer with his dissertation on the electrical resistance of coal at different temperatures . In 1878 he received his master's degree in physics with his dissertation on environmental influences on electromagnetic effects and the magnetization of liquids . In 1882 he received his doctorate in physics with the dissertation on the heating of iron during demagnetization . In 1897 he showed that X-rays and radioactive substances cause thermoluminescence .

With his lectures Borgman covered all areas of physics ( mechanics , optics , thermodynamics , electricity theory ), and he improved the system of teaching with practical exercises. He also held lectures at the Higher Bestushev Courses for Women (1876-1883), at the Electrotechnical Institute and the Technological Institute. Borgman's best known students included BP Weinberg and BL Rosing .

1875-1901 Borgman was editor of the physical department of the journal of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society (after DK Bobyljow ), whose successor in 1931 was the magazine for experimental and theoretical physics .

Borgman also gave physics lessons to members of the imperial family, in particular the heir to the throne Nikolai (1883–1886) and the Grand Duke Georgi Alexandrovich (1883–1890). It was followed by Grand Duchess Xenija Alexandrovna , Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna and Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich .

In 1899 Borgman became honorary electrical engineer at the St. Petersburg Electrotechnical Institute (alongside DA Latschinow , AN Lodygin , NN Benardos , AS Popow , MO Doliwo-Dobrowolski and CH von Siemens (until 1903)).

Borgman planned and organized the Physics Institute at the University of St. Petersburg (now the WA Fock Institute), which was opened in 1901 by FF Petruschewski as the first director and whose second director in 1902 Borgman became. It was the first specially built building in Russia for physics and was equipped with all the modern facilities required for physical research. Borgman donated busts of Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday to the institute , which now adorn lecture hall 308. Borgman's personal library became the foundation of the faculty library .

In 1905 Borgman became the first elected rector of the University of St. Petersburg to succeed the astronomer A. M. Zhdanov. In 1910 he resigned from this office in protest against the police violating the political rights of students. His successor was the lawyer David Davidowitsch Grimm .

From 1905 Borgman was a member of the Cadet Party . In 1906 he became a member of the State Council of Universities. In 1913 he was elected to the St. Petersburg city duma .

In 1911, Borgman was awarded an honorary doctorate in law from the University of St Andrews .

Borgman was married to Adelaida Alexandrovna Borgman and had two sons. Alexander Ivanovich Borgman (1879–1942) became a historian and professor at the University of St. Petersburg. Iwan Iwanowitsch Borgman (1883–1939) was a councilor, became a lecturer in organic chemistry at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute (LPI) and the Leningrad Chemical-Technological Institute (LChTI) after the October Revolution and fell victim to the Stalinist purges .

Web links

Commons : Iwan Iwanowitsch Borgman  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Brockhaus-Efron : Боргман, Иван Иванович.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Article Borgman Iwan Iwanowitsch in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D037448~2a%3DBorgman%20Iwan%20Iwanowitsch~2b%3DBorgman%20Iwan%20Iwanowitsch
3. ↑ JA Chramow: Borgman Iwan Iwanowitsch . In: AI Achijeser : Physics: Biographical Lexicon . Nauka, Moscow 1983, p. 41 (Russian).
4. ^ Borgman, Ivan Ivanovich (accessed January 19, 2017).
5. ↑ Russian scientists in Heidelberg (accessed January 19, 2017).
6. ↑ Terrence Ryan, Michael; Poston, Sr., John W .: A Half Century of Health Physics: 50th Anniversary of the Health Physics Society . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, ISBN 978-0-7817-6934-1 , pp. 114 .
7. ↑ VAFock Institute of Physics ( Memento of the original from December 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed January 19, 2017).  
8. ^ Honorary Degrees at the University of St. Andrews . In: Science . tape 34 , no. 873 , 1911, pp. 374-375 , doi : 10.1126 / science.34.873.374 .