Fyodor Fomitsch Petrushevsky

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Fyodor Fomitsch Petrushevsky (1904)

Fyodor Fomitch Petruschewski ( Russian Фёдор Фомич Петрушевский ; born March 24 . Jul / 5. April  1828 greg. † February 17, jul. / 1. March  1904 greg. Was a) Russian physicist and university teacher .

Life

Petruschewski was the son of the metrologist Foma Ivanovich Petruschewski . After the completion of the 3rd St. Petersburg High School in 1846 studied Petruschewski physics at the University of St. Petersburg with completion in 1851. Then he was by the university as an assistant to the astronomer Alexei Nikolayevich Sawitsch in the province of Kherson to observe the total solar eclipse on secondment. 1851

From 1853 Petruschewski taught mathematics and physics at high schools in St. Petersburg and from 1857 in Kiev . In 1862 he worked experimentally with Emil Lenz at the University of St. Petersburg, which he in the same year by defending his master - thesis methods for determining the poles of magnets and electromagnets received his doctorate of Master of Physics. He became Emil Lenz's assistant, and as a master's degree he was entitled to give lectures. After Lenze's death in 1865, he took over almost all of his lectures. In the same year he received his doctoral thesis about the normal magnetization for a doctorate in physics doctorate and now headed the Physics Department of the University of St. Petersburg. In particular, he took care of the organization of the physics laboratory and the physics institute of the university. He was the first in Russia to set up a physics internship for students. He was one of the first to offer an electromagnetism course in 1876 . He also read at the Mining Officer School in Kronstadt , where he set up a special physics cabinet in 1874, at the St. Petersburg Transport Institute, the St. Petersburg Technology Institute and other universities.

Petruschewski developed novel optical devices and lighting devices. He studied the reflectivity of light surfaces and collected a lot of data that became important for the manufacture of oil paints . In batteries he examined the electrical voltage and the internal resistance as a function of temperature and composition of the electrolyte - solution .

Petrushevsky initiated the establishment of the Russian Physical Society , whose first president he became in 1872. In 1978 he united it with the Chemical Society and remained its president until 1901. In 1878 he became a real councilor of state . From 1891 he was the main editor for the pure and applied natural sciences of the Brockhaus-Efron encyclopedia and wrote articles on physics, the history of physics and technology.

Petrushevsky was buried in the St. Petersburg Smolensky Cemetery. The Physikalisch-Chemische Gesellschaft founded the Petruschewski Physics Prize. Petruschewski's brothers were the military writer and biographer A. W. Suvorov Alexander Petruschewski and the generals Vasily Petruschewski and Michail Petruschewski .

Honors

Web links

Commons : Fjodor Fomitsch Petruschewski  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Бергман И .: Ф. Ф. Петрушевский (Некролог) . In: Журнал Министерств народного просвещения . No. 356 , 1904, pp. 63-68 .
  2. ↑ JA Chramow: Petruschewski Fjodor Fomitsch . In: AI Achijeser : Physics: Biographical Lexicon . Nauka, Moscow 1983, p. 213 (Russian).
  3. ↑ Brockhaus-Efron : Петрушевский, Фёдор Фомич.
  4. ↑ Биография.ру: Петрушевский Федор Фомич (accessed January 14, 2017).
  5. ↑ Ченакал В. Л .: Федор Фомич Петрушевский и его работы по оптике и цветоведению (К стодвадцатилетию со днен ирождд) . In: Успехи физических наук . tape 36 , no. 2 , 1948.
personal data
SURNAME Petrushevsky, Fyodor Fomitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Петрушевский, Фёдор Фомич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH April 5, 1828
DATE OF DEATH March 1, 1904