Wilhelm von Miller
Wilhelm von Miller (born December 9, 1848 in Munich ; † March 1, 1899 there ) was a German chemist and university professor in the fields of analytical chemistry , organic chemistry and electrochemistry .
Life
He was the son of Ferdinand von Miller and a brother of Ferdinand Freiherr von Miller and Oskar von Miller . At the request of his parents, he initially studied law in Berlin from 1869, but then turned to chemistry, having also attended lectures from Justus von Liebig . From 1871 to 1874 he studied chemistry at the Technical University of Munich with Emil Erlenmeyer (at that time there was no chemical laboratory at the university) with his doctorate in 1874 at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich . In 1875 he completed his habilitation while he was Erlenmeyer's assistant, and then went on a study trip to various German universities, including in 1880 to August Wilhelm von Hofmann in Berlin. After that he was back at the Technical University of Munich, where he became a full professor of general chemistry in 1883, succeeding Erlenmeyer. In 1887 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .
Even before his sudden death in 1899, "General Chemistry" was divided into the areas of "Inorganic and Physical Chemistry" and "Organic Chemistry". The latter was looked after by Heinrich Kiliani from 1892 to 1897 , then temporarily by industrial chemist Gustav Schultz , and was not occupied again by Andreas Lipp until 1905 .
Act
He set up the first electrochemical laboratory at a German university and an X-ray laboratory in Munich. He financed this largely with private funds.
He examined various dyes (such as the time - 1880 - new dyes Rouge français and Biebrich scarlet , the produced of maximum textile dye Aldehydgrün, Carmine ), quinaldine , Schiff bases , examined organic compounds electrolysis and led Tropaeolin O as a pH indicator in the Analytics one. The Doebner-Miller reaction for quinoline or quinaldine synthesis is named after him and Oscar Doebner .
With Carl Otto resin he found an insecticide (a salt of the dinitro cresol ) against the forest pest nuns caterpillar . It was made by the Bayer works (as Antinonnin) and was the first industrially produced organic insecticide (previously inorganic compounds had mostly been used). Miller had already investigated dinitro cresol in Berlin with Hofmann, since it was used as a yellow dye (a tar dye) (for textiles and even food).
Honors
In 1895 he was appointed an extraordinary member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and a member of the Supreme School Council in Bavaria.
literature
- Bernd Wöbke: Miller, Wilhelm. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-428-00198-2 , p. 519 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Elisabeth Vaupel : From tar dye to insecticide: Wilhelm von Miller and the Antinonnin . In: Chemistry in Our Time . tape 46 , no. 6 , 2012, p. 388-400 , doi : 10.1002 / ciuz.201200602 .
Fonts
- with Heinrich Kiliani : Brief textbook of analytical chemistry , Munich: Ackermann 1884, 2nd edition 1891
Web links
- Biography and photo on the website of the Faculty of Chemistry at the Technical University of Munich, accessed on November 22, 2013
- dito
Individual evidence
- ↑ New dyes. In: Polytechnisches Journal . 237, 1880, pp. 153-157.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Miller, Wilhelm von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German chemist and university professor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 9, 1848 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Munich |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 1, 1899 |
| Place of death | Munich |