William Stewart Halsted

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William Stewart Halsted

William Stewart Halsted (born September 23, 1852 in New York City , † September 7, 1922 in Baltimore , Maryland ) was an American surgeon . He developed conduction anesthesia and introduced the use of rubber gloves for surgical operations in the USA.

Life and career

William Halsted studied medicine at Yale College from 1870 and from 1874 at the College of Physicians at Surgeons in New York, where he graduated in 1877. He then stayed from 1878 to 1880 as a study traveler in Europe (especially Austria and Germany). From 1880 he worked as a surgeon at various hospitals in New York and suffered from cocaine addiction by 1884 at the latest. From 1886 or 1890 he worked at the Johns Hopkins Medical School in Baltimore, where he became professor of surgery in 1892 . In 1901 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , in 1917 to the National Academy of Sciences .

Act

At about the same time as Paul Friedrich (1867–1925) in Germany, Halsted introduced the use of rubber gloves for operations in America and tried cocaine injections for local anesthesia . In 1885 he first used cocaine in dentistry . After initial animal experiments , he used the procedure for local anesthesia of the mandibular nerve as a conduction anesthesia and is therefore considered to be the founder of nerve blocks that go beyond simple local anesthesia and, along with Maximilian Oberst, is one of the founders of conduction anesthesia. Halsted also had a great influence on medical education in the USA and, specializing in cancer, carried out the first radical mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer , making him a pioneer of modern surgical cancer therapy.

The kink

William Halsted is the loose foundation for Dr. John Thackery from the American hospital series The Knick .

Publications

  • Surgical papers. 2 volumes, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1924.
  • The radical cure of hernia. In: Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin. Volume 1, 1889, p. 12 f. and 112.

literature

  • Ralf Bröer, Wolfgang U. Eckart: The treatment of breast cancer - aspects of the history of therapy from antiquity to the 20th century. In: Manfred Kaufmann (ed.): A century of endocrine therapy for breast cancer. From Beatson to today. Springer, Heidelberg / Berlin / New York 1996, pp. 81-93.
  • Ralf Bröer: Radical Therapy or Mutilation? On the history of the mastectomy. In: MTA spectrum. independent specialist journal for technical assistant professions in medicine. 15, Frankfurt am Main 2000, pp. 449-451.
  • WU Eckart , C. Gradmann : Doctors Lexicon. From antiquity to the present. 3. Edition. Springer-Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-540-29584-4 .
  • Gerald Imber: Genius on the Edge. The Bizarre Life of Dr. William Stewart Halsted . Kaplan, New York City 2011, ISBN 978-1-60714-627-8 .
  • Howard Markel: An Anatomy of Addiction. Sigmund Freud , William Halsted, and the Miracle Drug Cocaine . Pantheon, New York City 2011, ISBN 978-0-375-42330-7 .

Web links

Commons : William Stewart Halsted  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Halsted, William Stewart. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 530.
  2. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart : Illustrated history of medicine. From the French Revolution to the present. 2nd Edition. Springer, Heidelberg / Berlin / New York 2011, p. 119. doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-642-12610-9
  3. ↑ Andreas W. Friedrich: Secret Medical Councilor Professor Dr. Paul Leopold Friedrich on his 100th birthday on January 26, 1964. Among other things, the invention of the surgical glove made of thin rubber, Integral TaiJiQuan, QiGong, accessed on April 15, 2017.
  4. ^ William Stewart Halsted: Practical comments on the use and abuse of cocaine, suggested by its invariably successful employment in more than thousand minor surgical operations. In: New York medical journal. Volume 42, 1885, p. 294 f.
  5. ↑ Christoph Weißer: Anesthesia. In: Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 54.
  6. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart : History of Medicine. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 1990; 3rd, revised edition, ibid 1998, p. 292.
  7. ↑ Florian G. Mildenberger on Siddhartha Mukherjee : The king of all diseases. Cancer - a biography. Translated from the English by Barbara Schaden. With a foreword by Fritz Pleitgen . DuMont, Cologne 2012, ISBN 978-3-8321-9644-8 . In: Specialized prose research - Crossing borders. Volume 8/9, 2012/2013 (2014), pp. 575-578, here: pp. 576 f.
personal data
SURNAME Halsted, William Stewart
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American surgeon
DATE OF BIRTH September 23, 1852
PLACE OF BIRTH New York City
DATE OF DEATH September 7, 1922
Place of death Baltimore