Witness Lee

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WitnessLeeSpeakingOct1987TaipeiTaiwan.jpg

Witness Lee ( 李 常 受 , pinyin Lǐ Chángshòu) (* 1905 in Yantai , Shandong Province , China; † June 9, 1997 Anaheim , California , United States) was a Protestant preacher from China . He is one of the founders of the Living Stream Ministry publishing house .

Lee was born into a Baptist family and had a rebirth experience at a sermon by Peace Dang Wang in 1925 . He later joined Watchman Nee and became its closest associate. Lee emphasizes in his theology of a "regaining of the Lord" the subjective experience of believers that they should enjoy Christ as their life so that the church does not come into existence as an organization, but as a body, as an "organism" that expresses Christ .

Life

Early years

Witness Lee's maternal grandfather was a Baptist. As a result, Lee's mother attended the American Baptist Mission School and was baptized in the Baptist Church as a teenager around 1885. So that she could pay her children a good education in Chinese and English, she sold her inheritance. Lee's father was a farmer and died in 1923.

Lee attended the Baptist Chinese Elementary School and then the English Mission College, which was run by American Presbyterians . Although he attended Sunday school and Baptist services, he was not baptized. Five years later, he stopped attending services.

It was only when Lee's second sister was converted that Lee was open to fellowship again, as his sister prayed for him and introduced him to the pastor of an independent Chinese congregation, who often visited Lee and invited him to his services. However, it was not until the second day of the Chinese New Year in 1925 that Lee decided to attend a church service by this congregation. After about two and a half months he became a member of the congregation through sprinkling, but by his own account he was still not "born again". When Sister Peace Wang preached in April 1925, he said he had a revelation experience and consecrated himself for the rest of his life “as a serf to the Lord”.

While studying Watchman Nee's books, Lee developed the doctrine that the existence of denominations is not in God's mind. In 1927 he was elected to the board of directors of his ward, but he did not accept that office and left the denomination. He sought fellowship with a branch of the Brethren movement that met only in small communities and not in large groups. Lee attended the Brotherhood meetings for seven and a half years and was baptized by immersion in the sea in 1930 by the local leader, a Mr. Burnet .

Start of service

Not long after his conversion, Lee was studying the books of various Christian teachers and came across the magazines The Morning Star and The Christian by Watchman Nee. Lee wrote to him and they began to share their beliefs and Bible exegesis. In 1932 they finally met in Chifu (Yantai), where Lee preached in the Chinese independent congregation. During this time Lee's image of God and the Bible changed. Some local Christians began to gather at his mother's house as "the Chifu Church" after Nee's visit with Lee. As the congregation grew, they eventually rented a meeting room.

During this time Lee decided to give up his work and to work only as a clergyman, according to his own statements on the basis of God's experiences. In making this decision, he was decisively encouraged by Watchman Nee, who wrote to him on August 17 that he felt that Lee should "serve the Lord full-time".

In the following years both worked together until Lee finally took over the duties of Nee completely, as he gradually left.

Collaboration with Watchman Nee

In 1934 Lee moved with his family to Shanghai and Nee put him in charge of the publications. Lee was appointed editor of The Christ magazine . He also began traveling around China, preaching, and planting local churches, particularly in Zhejiang Province. From late 1935 to the summer of 1937, he planted churches in Beijing and Tientsin and traveled to the northwestern provinces of Suiyuan , Shanshi and Shensi .

As the Japanese invaded, Lee returned to Tschifu in November 1937 and mainly took care of the community in Tschifu and Tsingtau, closely following the ministry of Watchman Nee. By the end of 1942, the community in Tschifu had grown to a significant size. Since Lee tried to proselytize outside Tsingtau, he was arrested by the Japanese occupiers on suspicion of espionage and interrogated for a month. This weakened his health lastingly. After his release, he fell ill with tuberculosis . To recover, he moved to Qingdao in 1944 and stayed there for two years.

After World War II , Lee resumed work in China, mainly focusing on Shanghai and Nanking. Churches were also founded here from 1947 onwards. In December of the same year Lee visited many congregations in the southern provinces such as Hong Kong , Canton , Swatow and Amoy together with other employees and tried to integrate them into the community he led and to convince them of his view of Christianity.

During a visit to Fuzhou, he also visited Nee, who at that time had retired from missionary and church work for six years, partly because of misunderstandings with Lee. After they reached an agreement, they continued working together again. Their first trip together took them to Shanghai, where they planted churches.

Due to the changed political situation under Mao Zedong , Lee fled to Taiwan and continued to publish the writings of the religious community from there.

The last meeting of Nee and Lee was in Hong Kong in 1950, where they worked together and planted a church. From now on, Lee was only responsible for the work outside of China, at that time mainly in Hong Kong and Taiwan. In China itself, others did the work.

Shortly afterwards, Watchman Nee was arrested in China, so that further communication between the two was no longer possible. Lee continued to work on his own, just like at the time of Nee's inactivity.

Service in Taiwan

Lee planted a number of churches in Taiwan and was otherwise mainly active in publishing. He started publishing books at Taiwan Gospel Book Room , which is now the official publisher for communities outside of China. He also published 415 issues of The Ministry of the Word between 1950 and 1986.

In early 1950, Lee traveled to the Philippines and stayed there for 3-4 months planting churches. Through his ministry, over 100 churches were created there.

In the West

Lee's work in Europe began with an invitation to hold trainings and conferences in London and Copenhagen from April to October 1958 . Between 1958 and 1961, Lee visited the United States three times. In 1962 he held his first conference in English in Los Angeles. The lectures were published in a book called The All-Inclusive Christ . In the years that followed, he was invited to speak to them by many Christian groups in the United States.

During the 1960s, Lee held a number of shorter conferences and longer informal trainings in Los Angeles and other US cities. His lectures were published in a small magazine called The Stream . In 1965 Lee founded the publishing house The Stream , later Living Stream Ministry (Service in the Stream of Life).

In 1974 Lee moved to Anaheim , California , where he held 10-day international trainings twice a year. At the same time, he began holding weekly meetings in Southern California. He used this time to interpret each biblical book individually, beginning with Romans (December 1974) and Genesis (1974–1978). The New Testament studies were completed in December 1984 with the Acts of the Apostles ; the Old Testament studies were completed in December 1994 with the books Proverbs , Preachers, and Song of Songs . During this time, Lee wrote extensive outlines, footnotes, and cross-references to all New Testament books. They appeared with a translation of the NT, the " recovery version, " in 1987 in Chinese and 1991 in English.

Lee traveled extensively during these years. In the 60s and 70s he visited many places in the USA and Canada, as well as Taiwan, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Japan. He also visited South America, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Europe and Israel.

In 1976 a meeting hall was built in Anaheim to serve as the conference center and office of the Living Stream Ministry . In 1981/82 a second conference and publishing center was built in Irving, Texas . The two buildings allowed Lee to hold his trainings and work on his publications without interruption.

"The way ordained by God"

In the mid-1980s, while observing the mission in Taiwan, Lee noticed that it was not happening at the desired speed and began a restructuring of the congregations: instead of large meetings, small meetings were to be held in the homes of believers from now on. The result of his work was the so-called “new way” or “the way ordained by God”, which in his view consists of four main steps.

The "high summit"

In February 1994, Lee began to speak of what he called "the high summit of divine revelation." It was, as he called it, about God's economy, which consists in making believers God in life and nature, but not in Godhead. Other main themes were "the New Jerusalem, the complete salvation of God with the judicial and organic aspects, the full ministry of Christ in his three divine and mystical stages, and the incorporation of believers into the perfect Triune God." (Lee used the word "incorporation") in the sense that people dwell in one another.) He began a series of biblical interpretations which he called the "Crystallization Study of the Books of the Bible", but of which he only completed James, Song of Songs, John and Romans until his death.

death

During the "High Summit" of his ministry in 1994, Lee developed prostate cancer. In February 1997 he held his last conference. On May 30, 1997, he was hospitalized because his cancer was causing complications. On Monday, June 9, 1997, Witness Lee died at 9:30 a.m. His last word is said to have been "victim".

to teach

God

  1. According to Lee, God is one in essence or substance, but three in hypostasis or persons. The three of the Trinity - Father, Son and Spirit - are eternally distinguishable, but they are never separate from one another and never act independently of one another. Thus the Triune God is the Father in Christ as the Spirit, in order to be the life and the provision of life for the believers.
  2. The Triune God "went through a process and was perfected". In his eternal existence God does not change, but he has changed in his economic process, in Christ, the process of incarnation, the human way of life, death, resurrection and ascension, because he was perfected as the life-giving spirit ( 1 Cor. 15:45; 2 Cor. 3:17) so that he could dwell in the believers.
  3. The triune God, passed through a process and perfected, divides himself into his elect to be reborn with his divine life (1. Pet. 1,3), according to his divine nature (Rom. 12: 2; 2. Cor. 3 , 18) and finally to be glorified with his divine glory (Rom. 8:30), making them equal in life, nature and expression.
  4. In God's New Testament economy (1.Tim. 1,4), which is God's plan or way to carry out his eternal purpose, it is a matter of dividing his own being into his chosen ones (Eph. 3: 8–11) to complete the New Jerusalem as the mutual dwelling of the Triune God and the three-part man (Rev. 21: 3, 22), so that it may be fully expressed for ever.

Christ

  1. The living Christ is in contrast to the dead religion.
  2. As the head of the body (Col. 1:18), Christ is not only the leader and the model for the church, but in himself the person of the church itself, whereby the whole body comes into being, lives and works through this person (Eph 4.16; Col. 2.19).
  3. Christ carried out his ministry in three stages, namely in his incarnation, in his confinement and in his intensification, whereby God carried out his eternal economy, which was his heart's desire. At the stage of his incarnation, Christ brought God into man, expressed God in humanity and brought about the judicial redemption of believers, which for them includes the forgiveness of their sins (Col. 1:14), their justification before God (Rom. 4,25; 5,18), their reconciliation with God (Rom. 5,10) and their sanctification according to their position (Heb. 13,12). In the stage of his inclusion, Christ became the firstborn Son of God through his resurrection (Rom. 1: 3–4; 8:29), the all-embracing, composite, life-giving Spirit (1 Cor. 15:45), and had all of his Believers born again to many sons of God (1 Pet. 1,3). In the stage of his intensification he became the life-giving spirit to the seven spirits of God (Rev. 1,4; 5,6) in order to stand against the decline of the church, whereby he intensified his organic salvation, now brings forth the overcomers and that Completing New Jerusalem forever.

The Spirit of God

  1. Christ had become a life-giving spirit (1 Cor. 15:45), who was the reality of Christ in the resurrection (John 14: 16-20).
  2. The spirit of God is eternally one (Eph. 4,4), but in the age of the decline of the church it is intensified “sevenfold” in its function and work (Rev. 4,5), which is necessary for the completion of God's economy .
  3. The Spirit of God is all-embracing, composite, giving life, indwelling, intensified sevenfold and the completion of the Triune God which has gone through a process.
  4. The experience of Christ as the Spirit leads the believers into the divine and mystical realm of the perfect Spirit and the pneumatic Christ, where they can enjoy and learn what the Triune God is. Today Christ as the life-giving Spirit serves the believers not only with the physical (and also not only with the spiritual) but with the divine and the mystical, and he brings the believers into a realm that is divine and mystical.

salvation

The judicial aspect of God's complete salvation was accomplished through Christ's death on the cross for God's judicial redemption, so that the believers could stand before God as those who had been forgiven and washed, justified, reconciled to God and sanctified in their position before God be. Once the believers have been judicially redeemed and reconciled to God, they enjoy the organic aspect of God's salvation carried out in Christ's life (Rom. 5:10), which has been made available to believers through the life-giving Spirit. In such organic salvation, believers would be born again, sanctified, renewed, transformed, formed in the image of Christ, and finally glorified to fully express the divine life that they would have received through being born again.

Life

In the definition of life, Lee followed Watchman Nee and said that life is the triune God who has gone through a process and is now divided into the tripartite human being (1.Thes. 5:23; Rom. 8:10, 6.11 ). This distribution transforms man into the glorious image of Christ (2 Cor. 3:18), so that man becomes an expression of God.

Lee stated that the Bible begins with the tree of life (Genesis 2: 9) and ends with the tree of life (Revelation 22: 2). The line of the tree of life is in contrast to the line of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Lee also emphasized the experience and enjoyment of Christ by eating and drinking Christ spiritually (John 6: 54–58). Since Christ is the life-giving Spirit today, believers could practically and genuinely enjoy him as their life and as their provision of life. The best way to eat the Lord is to "read his word prayingly" (prayer-reading); H. receiving the word of God through prayer (Eph. 6: 17-18). The easiest way to enjoy Christ is to call on his name, because according to the Bible no one can say "Jesus is Lord" except in the Holy Spirit (1 Cor. 12: 3). The calling of the Lord was already practiced in the Old Testament (Genesis 4:26; 12.8; Isa. 12.3–4; Cl. 3.55), but also the New Testament Christians (Rom. 10.12– 13; 1. Cor. 1,2) and Saul of Tarsus would have called on the name of the Lord, with which a person could be identified as a Christian (Acts 9:14, 21). In addition, because Christ is the life-giving Spirit or Pneuma (the word for "breath" in Greek), believers could breathe the Lord. Actually calling on the Lord is drinking (Isa. 12: 3–4), but also breathing (Cl. 3,55–56).

The believers

Between the born again man and the triune God who has gone through a process there is an organic union (1 Cor. 6:17), yes, the relationship with the Triune God is more than just a union, it is a mixture of what has gone through a process Triune God with his redeemed people. In this confusion, God's identity as God and the identity of the believer as man would be clearly retained: “To confuse does not result in the loss of identity.” In Lee's words: “Although these two elements [divinity and humanity] are confused, that remains Preserve the essence of each element and no third element is produced. This is the correct understanding of confusion. "

In God's economy man becomes God in life and in nature, but not in Godhead. Since the believers were begotten by God (Joh. 1,13; 1 Joh. 5,1), they are with his divine life partakers of his divine nature (2. Petr. 1,4) and become what he in life, nature, expression and function.

One of Lee's most important teachings was the universal, divine-human incorporation of the perfect God into born again believers. God is an incorporation in his divine trinity (Joh. 14: 10-11), and the goal of God's economy is to bring the born again, transformed and glorified elect into an incorporation with the Triune God, with the believers and God for would become one forever (John 14:20; 17:21, 23). Lee called this the "high summit of divine revelation". Lee referred to "incorporation" as referring to people living in one another. God is an incorporation in his divine trinity, in that the three persons of the trinity live in one another and work together as one. The three of the Trinity are an incorporation into what they are and what they do (John 14: 10-11).

The full experience of God's organic salvation corresponds to ruling in Christ's life (Rom. 5:17). In this age believers could rule over sin and death by fully experiencing and enjoying Christ as life, and finally believers in the New Jerusalem would rule with God forever in life (Revelation 22: 5).

The community

The church is the body of Christ (Eph. 1,22-23; Col 1,24), an organism (Joh. 15,1–8) and not an organization. She is also the new man, composed of the redeemed and born again believers of the two peoples, Jews and Gentiles. Christ reconciled the two peoples, who were formerly enemies by nature, in his own body through the cross, created peace between them and formed them into a new man (Eph. 2,15-16). One of the works of Christ on the cross was to abolish the ordinances that separated the Jews from the Gentiles, thereby paving the way for the true blending of all believers in one new man.

The church as the fulness of Christ arises from the fact that all believers enjoy the unsearchable riches of Christ (Eph. 3: 8). The riches of Christ which the believers enjoy would become the fullness of Christ which is his expression. The church is also the increase of Christ as the bride of Christ (John 3:29). It is the opposite of Christ as the organism of the Triune God. The universal vine with its branches (John 15: 1-8) is an image of the body of Christ, who is the reality of this organism of the Triune God. The church in its highest definition is the result of the division of the Trinity which has gone through a process and the transmission of the transcendent Christ (Eph. 1:22).

The church, which is the result of the universal disposition of Christ, is expressed in every place or city as a local church. These local churches are the candlesticks that stand on the ground of the place to express the one unique Christ. The local churches are the process, the procedure, during which the one body of Christ is the unique goal. The Lord wants to build up the church. The distinction between the universal church, made up of all believers everywhere and throughout history, and the local church, made up of all believers in one place, is an essential characteristic of Lee's teachings about the church. He explains:

“In Matthew 16:18 the Lord said,“ On this rock I will build My church. ”The word of the Lord here refers to the building of the universal church. The Lord wants to build the church in the universe on Himself as the Rock, but His building is being carried out by the local churches. If the Lord hadn't built the local churches, He would have had no place to begin His building of the universal church. We should note that if the local churches are not built, how can there be the universal church building? If the local churches are omitted, there will be no universal church. Hence, the local churches are the reality and applicability of the universal church. The Lord builds the universal church by building the local churches. "

- Witness Lee

Practice of church life

Lee's teaching on the practice of church life emphasizes following the biblical examples in the New Testament rather than sticking to a tradition. This is predominant in Lee's teaching on "church life":

“The biblical way of how to gather or serve is a contrast to the traditional way. In chapter 4 we saw that the traditional way of gathering and serving is natural, conforming to the natural and fallen state of man, and not requiring man to be alive and in spirit, but allowing man to be religious and the kind and manner of religion accepted. In contrast, the biblical way of gathering and serving is spiritual, corresponds to the tastes of the living and spiritual man, and requires man to be alive and in spirit. "

- Witness Lee

Lee also emphasized biblical practices such as breaking bread and being baptized by immersion. The aim of such manipulations is to bring the church members back to the biblical way of church life and to help all believers to function properly as living members of the body of Christ. Every believer in the congregation should speak or prophesy, one at a time (1 Cor. 14:26, 31). Prophecies as it is in the New Testament especially in 1 Cor. 14 that is mentioned means “not just predicting. Prophecy primarily means saying something for God and speaking God to others or distributing Christ to others. "

Lee also taught that there are four important manipulations in building up the body of Christ - witnessing, nourishing, equipping, and building. First, local church members should lead sinners to Christ so that they could be begotten of God (1 Cor. 4:15). Then these new believers needed “nourishment” and should be nourished spiritually in a personal way with the divine supply of Scripture (1 Thess. 2,7; Joh. 21,15). As the new believers grow spiritually, they should also be armed in truth and in their function in the body. Finally, every believer should be involved in the same work of building up the body of Christ as modeled in Eph. 4:12, 16 are brought in. This organic work of construction is carried out by equipping all members to prophesy for the construction of the body of Christ.

The foundation for the unity of believers in the church

In teaching that the church as the body of Christ has two aspects, the universal and the local, Lee Watchman followed Nee. According to Lee, the universal aspect of the church was shown by Jesus in Matthew 16, by the apostles in Acts and in the letters (1 Cor. 12: 3). The local aspect was explained by Jesus in Matthew 18 and by the apostles in Acts (8.1; 13.1; 14.23), in the letters (Rom. 16.1; 1. Cor. 1: 2; Gal. 1, 2) and in Revelation (1:14).

Lee also followed Watchman Nee in teaching that right expression of the universal body of Christ begins in a particular place or city with the believers who gathered as the church in that place (e.g., the apostles addressed their letters to "The church in Ephesus ", "the church in Corinth ", "the church in Thessalonica " etc.), whereby there was only one body of elders (with many elders) in each city (Tit. 1,5; Acts 14, 32). All believers are to be accepted in Christ as members of the community, regardless of race , culture , social class or doctrinal views, as long as they hold fast to the common faith. Therefore, the “ground” on which the believers gathered does not consist of a particular doctrine, race, tradition, etc., but only of the city in which they lived. Nee called this gathering "on the ground of unity". Lee also taught this after being sent out by Nee in 1949 to continue serving outside of China.

Believers who gathered in this way are likely to say, “We are the church,” where “we” includes all believers and should not be understood as exclusive.

“The church is expressed in places on this earth and that expression must be consistent. Don't make it complicated and don't let the confusion in Christianity affect you, just stay simple. It's a shame to ask others what church they are in. It is enough to know that someone is a brother. I belong to the church and you belong to the church. We all belong to the church. "

- Basic Principles for the Practice of the Church Life

According to Lee, "every local church should receive all true believers in Christ," but it should not have a name such as B. Baptists , Methodists or Catholics , because this separates a believer from other believers in this city who do not bear that particular name. Accepting a name is divisive and opposed to the unity that all believers have inherited in Christ.

“If a believer prefers to keep the Sabbath while we prefer the Lord's day, or if he only eats vegetables and we eat all kinds of things, we should accept it anyway. We should accept it because God accepted it (Rom. 14.3) and because Christ accepted it (Rom. 15.7). We should accept every believer in Christ, which corresponds to Christ (Rom. 15: 5). ”“ If a church does not accept all true believers, it is divisive and becomes a sect. ”“ Therefore, although we should be baptized Immersion, practicing the presbytery (great council of elders) and headgear, do not make such practices special so that they separate us from others. In addition, we shouldn't treat it like an ordinance, and we shouldn't use a name like Lutheran, Baptist, or Presbyterian, which corresponds to a particular doctrine or practice. "

- A Brief Presentation of the Lord's Recovery

The New Jerusalem

Lee taught that the New Jerusalem "is the completion of the perfect divine revelation of all scripture - the sum total of the fulfillment of all prophecies, images, signs and foreshadows." The New Jerusalem is not a physical city, but rather a sign (Revelation 1, 2). 1), a symbol with spiritual meaning. Lee said that the writings of Gerhard Tersteegen and Theodore Austin-Sparks in particular had helped him to see the true spiritual meaning of the New Jerusalem.

In Lee's teaching, the New Jerusalem is “the full mingling of the Triune God with His redeemed, born again, and transformed people.” Lee refers to the food offering in Leviticus 2: 4 as an image of this mingling, with the fine flour being given to men and women the oil symbolized God, but both remained different. The New Jerusalem, which is a mingling of divinity (the Triune God) with humanity (all believers), is the wife of the Lamb (Rev. 21: 9) and the tabernacle of God (Rev. 21: 3). Lee's studies of the New Jerusalem include an analysis and practical application of all the details given in Rev. 2 and 3 are listed. According to Lee, the New Jerusalem is the last and greatest sign in the Bible and the goal and result of all of God's works.

"The New Jerusalem is a sign of the sum total of the work of God, which includes the new creation on which He works in all the ages of the old creation."

- Witness Lee

“In Hebr. 11:10 says that God is the architect and creator of the holy city, the New Jerusalem (Hebr. 12,22a; Rev. 21,2). The building of God began with the preparation of the Old Testament saints, the patriarchs in the ages past. It continues more intensely as the mature believers come forth in the new age. In fact, the whole Bible is a full account of the work of God, which is to build up the New Jerusalem as His complete revelation, so that He may be fully expressed forever ... "

- Witness Lee

Witness Lee's view of Christianity

Witness Lee was hostile to traditional Christianity as a system, and he emphasized that all believers should be accepted on the basis of a common belief (Tit. 1,4; Jude. 3). The following quotes illustrate this:

“The fallen religious system [of Christianity] is taking the natural, human, traditional, cultural and religious path. In human terms, religion is a good thing, but spiritually speaking, it is against God's economy. God doesn't want religion, He wants to see how His economy is carried out. We are not here for religion, but for God's economy, which involves proclaiming His perfect Christ so that the church may be brought forth as the body of this Christ. "

- Witness Lee

“The church includes all who share the common faith that saves us. Eph. 4,5 and all hold fast to it who are saved (2. Petr. 1,1). This belief makes the believers one and does not divide them. A regulation or a systematization of doctrines goes beyond the common faith and divides the believers. "

- Witness Lee

In his teaching on Christianity, Witness Lee mainly showed "unbiblical" methods, e.g. B. the use of a denominational name and the clergy - lay system. It is necessary that all Christians form a unity.

Works

Main publications

Witness Lee's lectures have been published by Living Stream Ministry in over 400 books in over 14 languages. The most important publication is considered to be the Life Studies of the Bible , a commentary series with over 25,000 pages, "which was written from the point of view of the enjoyment of believers and the experience of the divine life in Christ through the Holy Spirit". Another great work, The Crystallization Study of the Bible , which was supposed to point out highlights or "crystals" in every book of the Bible, Lee was unable to complete.

Lee issued a new translation of the New Testament into Chinese, which he called the " recovery version ." He also directed the translation of the English edition.

Lee wrote, collected, and translated Christian worship songs. From 1963 to 1964 he wrote about 200 new songs, which he edited together with texts by other authors in a hymn book comprising 1,348 songs.

Radio broadcasts

Lee's lectures are broadcast on Christian radio stations in the United States in the series "Studying the Bible with Witness Lee" and are also available as podcasts.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sabine Dabringhaus : History of China in the 20th Century . CH Beck, Munich 2009, p. 60f.
  2. ^ Michael Dillon: Contemporary China . Routledge, Abingdon 2008, p. 111.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i A Memorial Biography of Brother Witness Lee. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1998.
  4. ^ Witness Lee: The History of the Church and the Local Churches. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1993.
  5. ^ Witness Lee: Living a Life According to the High Peak of God's Revelation. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1994.
  6. ↑ James Reetzke: Biographical Sketches: A Brief History of the Lord's Recovery. Chicago Bibles and Books, Chicago 2003.
  7. ↑ a b Witness Lee: Watchman Nee: A Seer of the Divine Revelation in the Present Age. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1991.
  8. ^ A b c d e Angus Kinnear: The Story of Watchman Nee: Against the Tide. Christian Literature Crusade, Fort Washington 1997.
  9. ↑ a b c d e Bob Laurent: Watchman Nee: Man of Suffering. Barbour Publishing, Uhrichsville 1998.
  10. ↑ Allen J. Swanson: Taiwan: Mainline Versus Independent Church Growth. A Study in Contrasts. William Carey Library, Pasadena 1973.
  11. ↑ a b Joseph Tse-Hei Lee: Watchman Nee and the Little Flock Movement in Maoist China. Church History 74: 1 (2005), p. 84.
  12. ^ Watchman Nee: The Normal Christian Life. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 2012.
  13. ^ Witness Lee: Fellowship Concerning the Urgent Need of the Vital Groups. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1998.
  14. ^ Witness Lee: The Lord's New Way and His Ministry Today .
  15. ^ Witness Lee: Lessons on the God-Ordained Way. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 2002.
  16. ↑ a b Witness Lee: The Conclusion of the New Testament (msgs 404-414.). Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 2009.
  17. ^ Witness Lee: The Conclusion of the New Testament (Msgs. 306-322). Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 2007.
  18. Jump up ↑ Witness Lee: Elders' Training, Book 03: The Way to Carry Out the Vision. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1994.
  19. ^ Witness Lee: Life-Study of 2 Corinthians. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1990.
  20. ↑ Kerry S. Robichaux: Axioms of the Trinity. Affirmation & Critique 01.01 (1996), pp. 6-11.
  21. ^ Witness Lee: Crystallization-Study of the Epistle to the Romans. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1995.
  22. ^ Witness Lee: The Practical Way to Live a Life According to the High Peak of the Divine Revelation in the Holy Scriptures. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1994.
  23. ↑ Kerry S. Robichaux: The Processed and Consummated Triune God. Affirmation & Critique 02/01 (1996), pp. 4-16.
  24. ^ Witness Lee: The Divine Dispensing of the Divine Trinity. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1990.
  25. ↑ a b Witness Lee: God's New Testament Economy. Lebensstrom, Berlin 1986.
  26. ^ Ed Marks: The Divine Dispensing for the Divine Economy. Affirmation & Critique 02/01 (1996), pp. 17-26.
  27. ↑ Lee, Witness. The economy of God. Lebensstrom, Berlin 1996.
  28. ^ Witness Lee: The Economy and Dispensing of God. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1997.
  29. ^ Ed Marks: The New Jerusalem - A Corporate Person. Affirmation & Critique 02/05 (2000), pp. 45-65.
  30. ^ John Campbell: The Ministry of Christ in the Stage of Incarnation. Affirmation & Critique 02/03 (1998), pp. 4-13.
  31. ↑ Andrew Murray: The Spirit of Christ. Christian Literature Crusade, Fort Washington 1974.
  32. ^ Ed Marks: The Ministry of Christ in the Stage of Intensification. Affirmation & Critique 02/03 (1998), pp. 4-13.
  33. ^ Witness Lee: The Conclusion of the New Testament (Msgs. 21-33). Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1985.
  34. ^ Witness Lee: The Conclusion of the New Testament (Msgs. 34-49). Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1986.
  35. ^ Witness Lee: The Conclusion of the New Testament (Msgs. 50-62). Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1986.
  36. ^ Witness Lee: The Conclusion of the New Testament (Msgs. 63-78). Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1986.
  37. ^ Ed Marks: The Second Becoming of Christ. Affirmation & Critique 04/01 (1996), pp. 10-22.
  38. ^ WJ Conybeare, JS Howson: The Life and Epistles of St. Paul. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids 1980.
  39. ^ Witness Lee: The Spirit. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1994.
  40. ^ Witness Lee: Two Spirits - the Divine Spirit and the Human Spirit. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1993.
  41. ^ Witness Lee: God's Full Salvation. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1990.
  42. ^ Athanasius : "The Incarnation of the Word." The Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Second Series. Ed. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. Vol. 4. [1891]. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids 1978.
  43. ^ Paul E. Billheimer: Destined for the Throne. Christian Literature Crusade, Fort Washington 1975.
  44. ^ Mary E. McDonough: God's Plan of Redemption. The Overcomer Bookroom, Leicester 1922.
  45. ↑ Dwight Lyman Moody , “Ye Must Be Born Again.” How and When Do We Become Children of God? Pickering and Inglis, London undated
  46. ^ Ed Marks: The Believers' Union with the Triune God in His Organic Salvation. Affirmation & Critique 03/01 (1996), pp. 3-12.
  47. ↑ Ron Kangas: The Only True God. Affirrmation & Critique 02/08 (2003), pp. 3-19.
  48. ↑ Witness Lee: The Tree of Life. Lebensstrom, Berlin 1997.
  49. ^ Witness Lee: How to Enjoy God and How to Practice the Enjoyment of God. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 2006.
  50. ^ EM Bounds: The Necessity of Prayer. Baker Book House, Grand Rapids 1979.
  51. ^ AT Pierson: George Muller of Bristol. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York 1941.
  52. ↑ George Whitefield : George Whitefield's Journals. The Banner of Truth Trust, London 1958.
  53. ↑ Hank Hanegraaff: A Brief Affirmation of Watchman Nee and Witness Lee. Christian Research Institute, Feb. 18, 2013.
  54. ^ Witness Lee: Knowing and Experiencing Life. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1990.
  55. ^ Witness Lee: The Experience and Growth in Life. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1994.
  56. ^ Witness Lee: Practical Talks to the Elders. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1994.
  57. Jump up ↑ Witness Lee: Elders' Training Book 02: The Vision of the Lord's Recovery. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1994.
  58. ^ Witness Lee: Life-Study of Leviticus. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1989.
  59. ^ Witness Lee: The Conclusion of the New Testament (Msgs. 415-436). Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 2000.
  60. ↑ Athanasius. De Decretis. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. 2nd series. Vol. 4. Erdmans, Grand Rapids. Pp. 149-172
  61. ↑ Athanasius: De Incarnatione Verbi Dei . Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. 2nd series. Vol 4. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids. Pp. 31-67.
  62. ↑ Witness Lee: The Conclusion of the New Testament (Msgs. 276-294). Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 2004.
  63. ^ Witness Lee: Life Study of Ephesians. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1991.
  64. ^ Witness Lee: The Vision and Building Up of the Church. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1993.
  65. ^ Witness Lee: The Organic Building Up of the Church as the Body of Christ to be the Organism of the Processed and Dispensing Triune God. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1996.
  66. ^ Witness Lee: The Intrinsic View of the Body of Christ. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1992.
  67. ^ Ed Marks: The Building of God Into Man and Man Into God. Affirmation & Critique 02/10 (2005), pp. 28-34.
  68. ^ Witness Lee: Practical points Concerning Blending. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1994.
  69. ↑ Lee, Witness. The Genuine Ground of Oneness. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1979.
  70. ^ The Testimony and the Ground of the Church . Chapter 11, Section 3
  71. ^ The Scriptural Way to Meet and to Serve for the Building Up of the Body of Christ . Chapter 6, Section 1
  72. ^ Witness Lee: The Present Advance of the Lord's Recovery. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1989.
  73. ^ Witness Lee: The Specialty, Generality, and Practicality of the Church Life. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1984.
  74. ^ Witness Lee: The Exercise and Practice of the God-Ordained Way. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1994.
  75. ^ Witness Lee: Christ as Life , p. 117.
  76. ↑ The Lord's Recovery - Pre-Reformation History ( Memento of the original from May 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lordsrecovery.org
  77. ^ A b "Witness Lee - A Bondslave of Jesus Christ" Witnesslee.org; Retrieved July 2, 2013.
  78. ↑ Gretchen Passantino: No Longer a Heretical Threat; Now Dear Brothers and Sisters in Christ: Why, concerning the Local Churches, I No Longer Criticize, but Instead Commend. Christian Research Journal 32.06 (2009), p. 49.
  79. ^ Witness Lee: Basic Principles for the Practice of the Church Life , Chapter 2.
  80. ↑ "The Recovery of the Church Ground" ( Memento of the original dated February 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.local-church-recovery.com
  81. ↑ Witness Lee: A Brief Presentation of the Lord's Recovery , Chapter 2.
  82. ^ Witness Lee: The Apostles' Teaching. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1990.
  83. Jump up ↑ Witness Lee: Elders' Training, Book 02: The Vision of the Lord's Recovery. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1985.
  84. ^ Witness Lee: The Conclusion of the New Testament (Msgs. 254-264) , Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1991.
  85. ↑ Witness Lee: God's New Testament Economy , Chapter 26, Section 2. Stream of Life, Berlin 1986.
  86. ^ RCH Lenski: The Interpretation of St. John's revelation. Augsburg Publishing House, Minneapolis 1963.
  87. ^ Witness Lee: Life-Study of Revelation (Msgs. 51-68) , Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1984.
  88. ^ Witness Lee: The Application of the Interpretation of the New Jerusalem to the Seeking Believers . Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1995.
  89. ^ David Yoon: The New Jerusalem: The Consummation of God's Work in Humanity. Affirmation & Critique 17.02 (2012), p. 32.
  90. ^ John Pester: The New Jerusalem: A Sign of the Consummation of the Operation of Grace as Allegorized in Galatians and Hebrews. Affirmation & Critique 17.02 (2012), p. 20.
  91. ^ Ron Kangas: "I Saw the Holy City, New Jerusalem" - The Vision of the New Jerusalem as a Corporate God-Man. Affirmation & Critique 17.02 (2012), p. 3.
  92. ^ Conclusion of the New Testament, The Msgs. 254-264 . Chapter 4, Section 2
  93. ↑ Conclusion of the New Testament, The (Msgs. 001-020 . Chapter 20, Section 3
  94. ^ The God-ordained Way to Practice the New Testament Economy . Chapter 3, Section 2
  95. ↑ Crucial Truths in the Holy Scriptures, Vol. 6 . Chapter 1, Section 7
  96. ^ Witness Lee: The Specialty, Generality, and Practicality of the Church Life. Living Stream Ministry, Anaheim 1984.
  97. ^ Witness Lee Hymns
  98. ↑ LSM radio
  99. ↑ pneumamedia
personal data
SURNAME Lee, Witness
ALTERNATIVE NAMES 李 常 受 (Chinese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION chinese christian preacher
DATE OF BIRTH 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Yantai
DATE OF DEATH June 9, 1997