Wittichen
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Wittichen
Community Schenkenzell
Coordinates: 48 ° 20 ′ 17 ″ N , 8 ° 20 ′ 36 ″ E
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Wittichen is a place that belongs to the Schenkenzeller district of Kaltbrunn in the Rottweil district.
history
In 1291, the later founder of the Wittichen Monastery , Luitgard , was born in Wittichen . The monastery was founded in 1324. In 1498 Wittichen came into Fürstenberg hands. The first attempt to close the monastery was made in 1540. It was destroyed in 1643. The reconstruction of the monastery buildings lasted until 1681. Wittichen was secularized in 1803 and in 1806 Baden.
Mining
Mining was carried out in Wittichen for centuries ; especially silver and cobalt were mined. For example, uranium ore was also found in the forge ; Minerals such Erythrite , Heinrichit , Metazeunerit , Emplectite , Mixit , bismuth and Wittichenite and secondary education as Atelestit , Eulytin , Lavendulan and Walpurgin are also to be found here still one.
It is not known since when mining began in Wittichen. The oldest surviving document, which provides evidence of the opening of pits, dates from 1517 and guaranteed the miners the privilege of importing food duty-free and being exempt from taxes. In the following centuries, mining probably came to a standstill in Wittichen. Prince Anton Egon von Fürstenberg finally ensured that operations in the pits were resumed. Experts from Saxony were called in to examine the ore deposits. After their positive judgment, the mining began again, focusing on the cobalt deposits. Anton Fischer and his fellow tradesmen from Nuremberg secured the monopoly for cobalt mining and built a blue paint factory near Wittichen for 6,000 guilders . Initially, however, efforts were unsuccessful there to produce cobalt paints . Thereupon the master Sigwarth, who worked in the Gengenbacher glassworks, was sent to Saxony as an industrial spy . With the manufacturing methods spied out there, it was now possible to successfully produce colors in Wittichen. The paint plant and the cobalt mining ensured the influx of skilled workers, mainly from Saxony. The mine house was built to accommodate them.
As before, however, there were various abuses in the pits. The dismantling monopoly was therefore withdrawn from the previous union. The Daniel pit in Gallenbach, which was operated south of Wittichen by the citizens of Strasbourg , emerged as a competitor . In 1708 a visitor reprimanded the negligent work in Wittichen. In 1709, the paint factory made a profit of 1153 guilders, in 1710 4821. After that, profits fell again. Even the establishment of the Joseph trade union could not prevent the collapse. Mose Doertenbach and his relatives from Calw gradually took over the pits and the inking system. From 1721 Mose Doertenbach was in charge. Thanks to the contacts of the Calwer Compagnie, he was able to promote the distribution of cobalt colors in numerous European countries; many pits were reopened and new tunnels were dug. However, only the St. Josephs colliery proved to be really productive; Portions of the loss-making pits were sold to those in good faith until the reputation of mining in the Kinzig valley was almost ruined. In contrast, the paint sales company was internationally successful with warehouses in London, Venice and Milan and business contacts to Holland, for example.
In 1729 a high-yielding silver break was found and on this occasion a exploitation thaler was minted. In 1732 Joseph Wilhelm Ernst von Fürstenberg renewed the privilege for Doertenbach's trade union and praised its activities. In 1736, high-yield silver and cobalt deposits were again found in the Sophiagang. The Sophia mine became the most important and most profitable mine in the Kinzig valley. But soon after Mose Doertenbach's death in 1737, interest in mining in Wittichen waned. St. Wenzel im Zinken Frohnbach in Oberwolfach was now more successful than the mines in Wittichen.
Since the cobalt deposits in Wittichen could no longer meet the needs of the blue paint factory, cobalt was imported from Spain from 1740 onwards. In 1742, the Dutch trading partners lowered prices by pointing out the more advantageous offers of the Saxon competition. A paint mill in Nordrach also competed with the paint factory in Wittichen from 1750. Expensive and inferior cobalt imports also damaged the plant. Debts of 10,000 guilders were incurred.
In 1816 operations at the Sophia mine had to be stopped. It had brought in total proceeds of 555 663 guilders for its operators. The Kinzigtäler Bergwerkverein was founded in 1826, which in 1834 developed with other companies into the Badischer Bergwerksverein. The aim was to revive mining in the Black Forest. From around 1850 the Kinzigthal Mining Association pursued the same goal. She reactivated the Sophia mine under the name Wheal Capper, but had to give up her work in 1856. This ended the history of mining in Wittichen. Even the inking unit could not last: In 1837 the Doertenbach company was forced to sell the paint mill after the development of artificial ultramarine colors had made cobalt processing finally unprofitable.
In the 1930s, the Mineralogical Study Society examined various pits in Wittichen, but this did not lead to renewed mining activities. After the Second World War , the uranium deposits were of particular interest. Franz Kirchheimer and Otto Leible examined the Wittich deposits. Leible first tried to interest the American occupation forces in Frankfurt in uranium mining, then in 1951 he applied for the prospecting license. However, this alarmed the Witticher commission at the University of Freiburg, which had also been researching in Wittichen since 1948, and it was made clear that no private sector dismantling should take place.
Economy and Infrastructure
The Wittichen Clinic has existed as a model facility since 1992 and was included in the hospital plan of the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1994 . She specializes in drug withdrawal treatments.
Worth seeing
- Wittichen monastery with the monastery museum, which contains exhibits on the history of the monastery and mining
- Several spoil heaps from the mining period are still present and z. T. accessible
- Geological nature trail Wittichen
Hiking trails
Regular events
On the second Sunday of October, the Luitgard Festival takes place with a procession.
Daughters and sons of the church
- Johann Baptist Weiß (1753–1800), Benedictine in the St. Blasien monastery
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.zum.de/Faecher/G/BW/Landeskunde/rhein/staedte/kl2/kinzigtal/schenkenzell/wittichen/index.htm
- ↑ http://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=250 - Mineralienatlas Wiki: Schmiedestollenhalde
- ↑ http://www.mindat.org/loc-13883.html
- ↑ http://www.schenkenzell.de/ceasy/modules/cms/main.php5?cPageId=29
- ↑ BADEN: Uranium in the rock . In: Der Spiegel . No. 33 , 1951 ( online ).
- ↑ http://www.fachklinikwittichen.de/index.html
- ↑ http://www.schwarzwald.com/schenkenzell/