Vladimir Sergeyevich Ignatovsky

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Vladimir Ignatowski (also Waldemar Sergius of Ignatowsky and other spellings; Russian Владимир Сергеевич Игнатовский * 8; jul. / 20th March  1875 greg. In Tbilisi , Georgia ; † 13. January 1942 in Leningrad ) was a Russian physicist . He was mainly concerned with the propagation of electromagnetic waves and the special theory of relativity .

life and work

Ignatowski graduated from St. Petersburg in 1906 . From 1906–1908 he studied further at the University of Giessen and received his doctorate in 1909 . From 1911 to 1914 he taught at the technical college in Berlin . He then worked at various institutes in the Soviet Union . He then became a corresponding member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences . As Alexander Solzhenitsyn reports in his work The Gulag Archipelago , Ignatovsky, like many others, was arrested by the Soviet authorities in 1941 on charges of absurdity. He was executed in Leningrad in 1942 because, according to the Stalinist authorities, he was recruited by the German secret service in 1909, not to spy in the next war (World War I), but in the war after that (World War II). He was rehabilitated in 1955.

Ignatowski wrote several papers on the special theory of relativity (SRT). In 1910, for example, he was the first to try to derive the Lorentz transformation from group-theoretical considerations solely on the basis of the principle of relativity, without using the postulate of the constancy of the speed of light (c) separately , as in Albert Einstein's classical derivation (1910b, 1911b, 1911c). He succeeded, but the invariant limit speed he found remained undetermined for the time being. He deduced that this corresponds to the speed of light in a vacuum from the reciprocal Lorentz contractions of electrostatic fields, which are observed in two inertial systems moving in opposite directions. This was also shown independently by Philipp Frank and Hermann Rothe in 1911, correcting some inconsistencies in Ignatowski's work.

He also investigated the possibility of the existence of rigid bodies in the SRT, whereby he found that this was only possible to a very limited extent (1910a, 1911a). However, due to an incorrect interpretation of the relativity of simultaneity, he came to the result that deformations of the body would result at faster than light speeds. For example, if a body in an inertial system is raised at both ends A and B at the same time, from the point of view of another inertial system this does not occur simultaneously, and the body will be subject to a kink in this system (see e.g. the scale paradox ). It is important that, according to the theory of relativity, the two events at A and B are not causally linked, i.e. That is, they are so far apart that a signal sent out at the speed of light cannot arrive in time to affect the occurrence of the other event (i.e. the spacing of the events is "space-like"). Ignatowski initially left it open whether this was a signal speed (1910b). But he later showed that these are only apparent superluminal speeds, not signal speeds, which are therefore in accordance with the theory of relativity (1911g). Ignatowski also succeeded (at the same time as Gustav Herglotz and Ernst Lamla ) in formulating some fundamental relationships in relativistic hydrodynamics (1911f).

Ignatowski was also known for his work in the field of optics , where he (after Solzhenitsyn) founded the only opto-mechanical company in the Soviet Union. As early as 1906 he worked for Ernst Leitz senior and improved the dark field lighting significantly.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. Vladimir Ignatowski in the catalog of the German National Library
  2. a b IFMO: Wladimir Sergejewitsch Ignatowski (Russian)
  3. a b Solzhenitsyn: "The Gulag Archipelago" , Volume 2, 1973
  4. Thomas F. Glick, ed .: "The Comparative Reception of Relativity." Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1987, ISBN 90-277-2498-9
  5. See also Pauli Theory of Relativity , reprint Pergamon Press 1958, p. 11.
  6. ^ Miller, AI: Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity. Emergence (1905) and early interpretation (1905-1911) . Addison-Wesley, Reading 1981, ISBN 0-201-04679-2 .

Publications

theory of relativity

additional

  • Ignatowsky, W. v .: Reflection of electromagnetic waves on a wire . In: Annals of Physics . 323, No. 13, 1905, pp. 495-522. doi : 10.1002 / andp.19053231305 .
  • Ignatowsky, W. v .: Correction to the work: Reflection of electromagnetic waves on a wire . In: Annals of Physics . 323, No. 15, 1905, p. 1078. doi : 10.1002 / andp.19053231517 .
  • Ignatowsky, W. v .: Diffraction and reflection, derived from Maxwell's equations . In: Annals of Physics . 328, No. 10, 1907, pp. 875-904. doi : 10.1002 / andp.19073281005 .
  • Ignatowsky, W. v .: Calculation of the resistance of a wire during the reflection of electromagnetic waves . In: Annals of Physics . 328, No. 10, 1907, pp. 905-906. doi : 10.1002 / andp.19073281006 .
  • Ignatowsky, W. v .: Diffraction and reflection, derived from Maxwell's equations . In: Annals of Physics . 330, No. 1, 1908, pp. 99-117. doi : 10.1002 / andp.19083300108 .
  • Ignatowsky, W. v .: Diffraction and reflection, derived from Maxwell's equations . In: Annals of Physics . 331, No. 10, 1908, pp. 1031-1032. doi : 10.1002 / andp.19083311012 .
  • Ignatowsky, W. v .: About total reflection . In: Annals of Physics . 342, No. 5, 1912, pp. 901-910. doi : 10.1002 / andp.19123420504 .
  • Ignatowsky, W. v. & Oettinger, E .: Experimental studies on total reflection . In: Annals of Physics . 342, No. 5, 1912, pp. 911-922. doi : 10.1002 / andp.19123420505 .
  • Ignatowsky, W. v .: On the theory of the lattice . In: Annals of Physics . 349, No. 11, 1914, pp. 369-436. doi : 10.1002 / andp.19143491103 .
  • Ignatowsky, W. v .: On the theory of diffraction on black screens and reply to F. Kottler . In: Annals of Physics . 319, No. 14, 1925, pp. 589-643. doi : 10.1002 / andp.19253821402 .
  • Ignatowsky, W. v .: On the theory of diffraction on black screens . In: Annals of Physics . 388, No. 15, 1927, pp. 977-978. doi : 10.1002 / andp.19273881506 .
  • Ignatowsky, W. v .: About double pole solutions of the wave equation . In: Mathematical Journal . 34, 1932, pp. 1-34. doi : 10.1007 / BF01180574 .

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