Wurzener Land

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Wurzen around 1650 (after Merian)

The Wurzener Land is an area in which in the Middle Ages the bishops of Meißen acquired and maintained closed property and territorial privileges. Until the 1930s, traces of the old regional unit can be found in the approximate coincidence of the borders of the former bishopric with those of the Wurzen district court district. The Wurzener Land describes a historical territory on both sides of the United Mulde in the north of today's Leipzig district , on the border with the Northern Saxony district , with the large district town of Wurzen on the eastern high bank of the Mulde as the central location . The name goes back to the secular dominion of the Meissen bishopric , which - after the Reformation and the resignation of the last Bishop of Meissen - from 1581 to 1818 as one of the secondary lands of the Albertine electorate or kingdom of Saxony by a specially appointed monastery government to Wurzen was administered. A significant architectural monument is a testimony to this era: The St. Marien Cathedral in Wurzen , which in 2014 was able to refer to its 900th anniversary.

In memory of the former monastery territory, one of the seven social rooms of the newly constituted Leipzig district has had the old name since 2009. The "Wurzener Land" planning area has since consisted of the large district town of Wurzen (including the Kühren-Burkartshain municipal association since 2006 ), the municipalities of Bennewitz , Thallwitz and Lossatal (created in 2012 from the municipalities of Hohburg and Falkenhain), a total of around 292 km² with 32,958 inhabitants (2009 ) in 48 locations.

History of the monastery territory

In a deed of gift from King Otto I of July 29, 961 for the St. Moritz Monastery in Magdeburg , an altera regio Neletici, ubi est Vurcine civitas ("the other landscape Neletici, where Burgward Wurzen is located") is named. The Gau affiliation of this Slavic settlement cell has not yet been satisfactorily clarified. The Burgwarde Wurzen on the east bank and Püchau on the west bank of the Mulde received special importance due to their location on an important Mulde ford, both along an old road (the later Via Regia ) between Saale and Elbe and an old salt road from Halle to Prague .

A version of a document of King Otto III (obviously manipulated after 1004 and provided with a false ruler seal) expressly mentions it. from 995 on the award of fiefs of a deceased Count Esiko von Merseburg the diocese of Meißen as recipient u. a. the places Wurzen and Püchau. This created a basis for the bishops of Meissen to establish and expand their own secular territorial rule on both banks of the United Mulde. However, since 1017 the river has remained the diocesan border between the dioceses of Merseburg and Meißen, which was established by Emperor Heinrich II .

The increased missionary work and the expansion of a secular rulership complex between Mulde and Elbe also served the establishment of a collegiate monastery and the construction of a collegiate church (today St. Mary's Cathedral) in the grounds of Wurzen Castle by Bishop Herwig . In the foundation deed of 1114, the name “Wurzener Land” appears for the first time ( in territorio Wurtzensi ). The deed also mentions the telonium Wurtzense , the “Wurzener Zoll” - a reference to the old west-east trade route that was used at the time passed north of the castle (including today's Wurzener Straßeenzug old town ).

The development of the country , in which the bishops of Meissen also purposefully participated by settling farmers from western territories, expanded the original settlement chamber considerably and created the distribution of fields and forests that still exist today and the foundations of the modern network of settlements and roads. At the same time, around 1150, a market settlement and legal town between already existing suburban settlement centers at Wurzener Burg was established.

In 1284 , the limits of terra Worcinensis were described in detail in a document that ended a long-standing dispute between the bishop and the margrave of Meissen over sovereign rights and competencies in the Wurzener Land in favor of the bishops . The border line can still be followed in the field today. In part, it persists between the districts of Leipzig and Northern Saxony and in today's municipal boundaries. The Wurzener Land extended around 1300 from the watershed between Saale and middle Mulde to that between Mulde and Elbe over an area of ​​275 km² with 56 villages.

In the 14th century, the Wurzener Land is usually referred to as districtus in the documents of the bishops : It appears as a special administrative unit of the bishopric, alongside those of Mügeln , Stolpen or Bischofswerda . In the 15th century, terms such as Wortzenische or Worczinische pflege appear in German texts .

Although the Margraves of Meissen and later the Electors of Saxony succeeded until the middle of the 16th century. To the west of the Mulde and to the east the abbey area, the Wurzener Land remained until the Reformation as an independent secular domain of the bishops of Meissen. Only with the resignation of the last bishop of Meissen Johann IX. (von Haugwitz) In 1581 the Wurzener Land was completely incorporated into the Wettin lands, even if it was commissioned as the Wurzen Abbey until 1818 by a specially created "Electoral Saxon Abbey Government" ( by the captain, chancellor and councilor decreed by the Meissen Abbey ) of the Dresden court is administered. The Wurzen Collegiate Foundation still exists today as a (Lutheran) cathedral chapter .

In the 19th century. The office was part of Wurzen Amtshauptmannschaft Grimma . Only the court office or, since 1874, the Wurzen district court reminded of the old territory until 1952. In 1953-1994 existing county or district Wurzen an independent lower administrative unit was once again out of the old pen area to several communities west of the trough extended been formed in 1994 in Muldentalkreis opened and with this in 2008 in the district of Leipzig.

literature

  • Terra Wurcinensis - 900 years of Wurzener Land . Supplement to the Leipziger Volkszeitung , April 25, 2014, 20 pages, A3 format
  • Ralf Thomas : Wurzener Stiftsland - Saxon church constitution - historical church studies. Essays on Saxon church history. Edited by Michael Beyer and Alexander Wieckowski. Leipzig 2011, ISBN 978-3-374-02634-0
  • Wolfgang Ebert: Historical-topographical lexicon of the city of Wurzen and the districts of Dehnitz, Roitzsch and Nemt . Published in the series "Terra Wurcinensis - The Wurzener Land in the past and present". 3rd edition, Beucha 2008, ISBN 978-3-930076-55-0
  • Wolfgang Ebert: Das Wurzener Land - A contribution to regional studies and settlement research 1930 , pp. 287–402 in: To the settlement history of the Leipzig area - A collection of scientific works from the years 1914 to 1937. Eds. Lutz Heydick and Uwe Schirmer. Beucha 1998, ISBN 3-930076-73-X
  • Ralf Thomas: The Wurzener Land around 1100 . Pp. 75–78 in: “The panorama. Culture mirror of the districts Wurzen, Oschatz, Grimma ” , 29th year, issue 1/1982, ISSN  0483-5670

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Wolfgang Ebert: Das Wurzener Land - A contribution to regional studies and settlement research 1930 , p. 290 in: To the settlement history of the Leipzig area - A collection of scientific papers from the years 1914 to 1937. Beucha 1998, ISBN 3-930076-73-X
  2. ^ Gerhard Köbler : Historical Lexicon of the German Lands. The German territories and imperial immediate families from the Middle Ages to the present. 6th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-44333-8 , pp. 741 f.
  3. 6th meeting of the district council of the Leipzig district on June 3, 2009, resolution no .: 2009/124 (I)
  4. Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae (CDS), IA 1, No. 3 and Ralf Thomas, Wurzener Land in the year 961 . In: Der Rundblick 1980, pp. 80f
  5. Basically, the topic of "Wurzener Land" first deals with the work of Leo Bönhoff ( The Burgwarde Wurzen and Püchau and the "Wurzener Land" in their political and church relationships. In: Mitteilungen des Wurzener Geschichts- und Altertumsverein I, 3, 1912, p 1–44; II, 1, 1914, pp. 1–26) and Wolfgang Ebert ( Das Wurzener Land. A contribution to regional studies and settlement research , Langensalza 1930)
  6. CDS IA 1, No. 43 /)
  7. For details of this complicated problem: Ralf Thomas, Wurzener Land around 1000. How Wurzen and its surroundings became the property of the Meißen diocese . In: Der Rundblick 1985, p. 54
  8. Derseburg: Thietmar von Merseburg and the Muldenburgwarde between Wurzen and Pouch . In: Hostels of Christianity. Special volume 5, Leipzig 2000
  9. ^ Thietmar von Merseburg , Chronicon. In: Selected sources on the German history of the Middle Ages (Freiherr vom Stein Memorial Edition, Vol. IX), Darmstadt (1957), p. 413
  10. ^ Christian Schöttgen , History of the Chur-Sächsische Stiffts-Stadt Wurtzen, Leipzig 1717, p. 85
  11. Wolfgang Ebert, Salt Roads in Saxony, Bohemian Steige and the Wenzelspatrozinium , 2011, Wurzener Geschichts- und Altstadt-Verein; unpublished lecture manuscript
  12. For the village of Kühren, today a district of Wurzen, the wording of a "settlement contract" has been preserved: CDS II 1, No. 50. Bishop Gerung von Meißen settles 15 Flemish families in the almost depopulated village of Kühren. Ralf Thomas, The Wurzener Land around 1150 . In: Der Rundblick 1981, pp. 75–78. Enno Bünz , Kühren 1154. Eastern settlement and regional development in Saxony . In: Writings on Saxon history and folklore; Vol. 23, Leipzig 2008, p. 17 ff
  13. CDS IA 1; No. 137, 146
  14. z. B. CDS II 2, No. 205, 288, 384, also CDS II 3, No. 1185 (April 3, 1478)
  15. z. B. CDS II 3, No. 1094 or 1214
  16. DNB 988945584
  17. DNB 991585763