Wylre's house

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Front view of the Wylre House in Aachen

The Wylre'sche Haus in Aachen is a prestigious residential building under monument protection at Jakobstraße 35. It takes its name from the forester, lay judge and multiple mayor of the imperial city of Aachen , Johann Bertram von Wylre , who had it built in 1669 after purchasing several pieces of land. Since it was taken over by the Aachen branch of the Hoesch / Heusch family , it has occasionally been referred to in literature and popularly as the Heusch House or, because of its furnishings, the Heusch Palace .

history

The Spanish general tax collector Massin de l'Abbaye, married to Cornelia de Cretot and raised to the nobility in 1652, acquired on March 30, 1652 a " plot of land all up here in Jacobstrasse next to the well-born Mr. Bertram von Wylre [...] Scheffen and Andrießen located for the price of 650 Thalers. “After the fire in Aachen , on September 9, 1656, he also bought the building site for a“ broken down house [...] with materials found on it, garden and stables with the exit in Bendelstrasse for 480 Thaler ”. Furthermore, on February 4, 1662, he acquired “ a burned-down bawplatz sampt the achterbau and fontein on it ” from 1653 thalers for 26 Aachen marks. Massin now owned three continuous parcels in Jakobstrasse below the Wylreschen property. On April 28, 1668, the three properties passed into the possession of the siblings Nikolaus and Elisabeth Schörer, who finally acquired Johann Bertram von Wylre and his wife Anthonetta Isabellae Clarae von Merode de Hoffalize zu Franckenbergh for 1406 Reichsthaler on April 30, 1669. House 35 in Jakobstrasse was built on these three parcels. The Wylresche and Meroder coat of arms adorn a column fireplace made of Dolhainer marble on the ground floor.

After the death of Johann Bertram von Wylre, the house became the property of his daughter Maria Rosa Margarete (* 1672, married to Jacob Cordonaeus) and another of his 14 children, Hubert Friedrich Hyacinth (1676–1714). Before 1726, the Wylresche Hof passed into the possession of Mathias Gerhard Clotz (* 1674 Aachen) and after him to his younger brother Johann Caspar († 1732 Düsseldorf ), whose wife Maria Deodata Pieron de la Florevie died in 1746 at Jakobstrasse 35. Their son, the licentiate Mathias Joseph von Clotz (1722–1780), had the Wylreschen Hof renovated by Johann Joseph Couven in keeping with the times. The result is the facade, the baroque interior and the balcony grille. His second son, Kaspar Joseph von Clotz , became mayor of the free imperial city of Aachen in 1789. With a few interruptions he held the office until September 29, 1797. Two years earlier, on December 31, 1795, the French administration of the arrondissement moved into the building. Because von Clotz had fled after the French moved into Aachen and the old council was abolished and had no heirs, the cloth manufacturer Edmund Joseph Kelleter (1741–1821) acquired the building in 1798.

Wylresch's house with figure eight after renovation by Edmund Kelleter

The location for such a factory was particularly suitable because of the Paubach stream flowing by here . In 1804, Kelleter hosted Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte among others in his residential building, which was restored in the style of the Empire . After Kelleter had taken over a mill located in the rear a few years later, he had a new figure-eight built in which he relocated his cloth factory from Löhergraben. During the Monarchs' Congress in 1818, the Austrian Emperor and the Prussian King visited the preparation of the wool and the production of the Casimir cloth in the factory, which was equipped with a steam engine and gas lighting. The luminous gas for the gas lighting system was produced in the factory and fed into the house through the garden. Edmund Kelleter's son Johann Tilmann Kelleter (1773–1835) inherited the residential and company complex in 1821. On November 4, 1833, His Royal Highness Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm visited the Kelleter cloth factory. After Johann Tilmann Kelleter's death, the Kelleter company was acquired by the Aachen needle manufacturer Heinrich Nütten, who now converted the eighth building into a needle factory.

Finally, in 1861, the scratching and needle maker Eduard Alexander Heusch (1833–1890) bought the building and moved his father's oldest scratching factory August Heusch & Sons from Bendelstraße to Jakobstraße, where it was later taken over by his son Albert Heusch . This in turn transferred the entire property to his son, the later Mayor of Aachen, Hermann Heusch . The preserved front building was auctioned by the family with the highest bidder in 1996 and is still owned by the family today. The aft house no longer exists in its old form and function.

In the garden wall at the back of the house, a fragment of a bluestone grave slab has been worked into it, which comes from St. Paul , the former monastery church of the Dominican monastery in Aachen , where several members of the von Wylre family were buried. On it, among other things, the family coat of arms and the year of death 1568 are engraved, which is why it must be Simon von Wylre (1491–1568), the son of the mayor Wilhelm von Wylre and Eva Holtzappel and great-great-uncle of Johann Bertram von Wylre.

Building history

View of Wylre's house

At the Wylre'schen Hof the historical transformation of an aristocratic court from the 17th century into a city palace of a manufacturer from the 19th century can be seen. The Wylre'sche Haus alias Der Wylre'sche Hof at Jakobstraße 35 was laid out in a contemporary cour d'honneur style , hence the name courtyard. At the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century, the three-wing courtyard was the general type of residential building for an inner-city mansion. The two-storey main house, the central corps de logis, with a flat hipped roof and brick facade is located in the rear of the courtyard. The shape of a three-wing system comes from the French model: Hôtel particulier in Paris . The two side wings are arranged at a slight angle to match the street alignment. The building is attributed to the Aachen baroque builder Laurenz Mefferdatis . The formal language used by Laurenz Mefferdatis is particularly evident in the street facade of the two side wings, the high rectangular windows of which are integrated into a bluestone reveal. The lintel is formed by wedges that rise towards the keystone. "The rounded lintel ends grow out of narrow post walls that protrude like ears at the top and bottom." This frame around the window opening illustrates the completion of the development of the Aachen rectangular window of the pre-Couven era. These so-called Italian windows replaced the cross-frame windows in the second half of the 17th century. They have been followed in Régence style by the light arched windows by Johann Joseph Couven since 1730. Couven's rococo windows are framed by flat jamb walls. A wedge emphasizes the arch. “The windows of the courtyard are intercepted by arches with wedge stones; they show the characteristics of the Couven school. The posts placed over the corner, on whose rocaille consoles the balcony slab rests, are reminiscent of the baroque style of the wasp house . The lower rooms still contain Rococo furnishings . The balcony grille was attributed to H. Küpper Jakob Couven . “Johann Joseph Couven used to furnish the interiors of Mefferdati's sacred buildings. Couven's son Jakob Couven carried out his extensive renovation work in Jakobstrasse House 35 in continuation of the style of his father and designed the rooms predominantly in the Empire style . The left wing was converted by Couven as a coach house and stable wing and later also served as a production facility at times until the aft house was built. Then a false ceiling, an entresol, was drawn in over the utility rooms.

Heusch comes to the conclusion that the left wing was not built together with the main house and the right wing.

The design of the ornamental portal flanking in a light gray tint is reminiscent of the current appearance of Couven's Chapel of the Beheading of John the Baptist in Eupen . The flanking ornaments are more picturesque compared to Eupen. The main courtyard is limited to the street by a latticed wall. “The relatively heavy gate is covered by a flat arch; a high wedge encompasses the strong profile that deepens the door reveal, two high amphorae crown the ends of the multi-cranked end cornice, and heavy curbstones widen the spacious impression of the portal, whose heavy, double-winged oak gate incorporates an incised gate into its structure. A bearded face, made of brass, adorns the heavy knocker. The house entrance in the rear main wing, which is slightly offset from the gate, is framed by blue stone posts placed over the corner. The protruding corner consoles are worked out in rich rokaille; they carry a cranked decaying balcony whose elaborate iron gates under the coronet v initials J.. C. (Johann von Clotz, 1729 to 1780). The central axis leads through the three-flight staircase to the garden. The rear of the house also shows unadorned, articulated, steep windows with arched arches under the gable roof, which is covered with English roofing. Only the garden door is - similar to its counterpart on the courtyard side - more richly designed in Couvenscher design language. The roof structures facing the street, the courtyard side and the garden, which have been preserved in their original version to this day, also belong to the Couvé era. "

Kelleter erected a three-storey factory building in the Empire style behind the garden in 1808, "where rental houses with the numbers Bendelstrasse 1361 and 1362 still stood in French times". The functional building had a calm and even structure and had bluestone window frames and the flat gable was decorated with the figures of Ceres and Mercury. This factory building was destroyed on July 14, 1943. Just like the classicist walkway built by Kelleter from his house to the factory made of Tuscan wooden columns with a pent roof and a monopteros .

The Wylresche Hof, this two-storey, wide-spread house with a courtyard of honor gives evidence “of the orientation of Aachen's building history based on the models of the Meuse valley. They mean the end of the southern German influence. ”This type of building with French origins of the wing construction already existed in Liège around 1730 and did not find its own form in Aachen.

The history of the development of this courtyard illustrates a contemporary appearance. Built as a representative house, the residence was connected to the workplace and the side wings were used for production and as an office . The architecture of the "courtyard" with the "eighth buildings" in the courtyard-side garden area offered the possibility of industrial use and, at the same time, representative living. Kelleter's “Achterbau” from 1808 was a simple three-story brick building as a cloth factory and was located in the southeast on Bendelstrasse. In terms of supply, the building complex received the necessary water connection through the Paubach , which was routed through a channel under the side wings and by means of a canal through the courtyard and under the main wings into the garden and also supplied the factories in the aft building.

List of monuments

In 1977 the building was included in the list of monuments by the Rhineland State Conservator :

“Haus Heusch, Wilrescher Hof Kern 17th century, conversions 1st half 18th century (Mefferdatis?) And 18th century (Couven?); 3-wing, 2-storey town courtyard in brick with bluestone walls, the courtyard is 3-axis towards the street, 7-axis towards the garden side, the 2-axis front sides of the side wings have rectangular windows, otherwise arched openings everywhere; in the garden to the west, a classicistic walkway leading to a factory that was destroyed in the last war ”.

literature

  • Joseph Buchkremer : The architects Johann Joseph Couven and Jakob Couven. In: Journal of the Aachen History Association. (ZAGV). Vol. 17, 1895, ISSN  0065-0137 , pp. 89-206.
  • Paul Clemen (Hrsg.): The art monuments of the Rhine province. Volume 10: Karl Faymonville, Josef Laurent , Richard Pick : The art monuments of the city of Aachen. Department 3: The secular monuments and collections of the city of Aachen. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1924 (reprint. Ibid 1981, ISBN 3-590-32110-5 ).
  • Luise Freiin von Coels von der Brügghen : The lay judges of the Royal See of Aachen from the earliest times until the final repeal of the imperial city constitution in 1798 . In: Journal of the Aachen History Association . tape 50 , 1928, pp. 1-596 ( online on rootsweb ).
  • Reinhard Dauber : Aachen villa architecture. The villa as a building task in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Bongers, Recklinghausen 1985, ISBN 3-7647-0371-7 (also: Aachen, Technical University, habilitation paper, 1984).
  • Hermann Heusch : The Wylresche Hof in Aachen. In: Journal of the Aachen History Association. Vol. 68, 1956, pp. 333-359.
  • Paul Schoenen: Johann Joseph Couven. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1964.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The older Wylresche house in Jakobstr. 37, called Haus Zum Berg , in 1797 belonged to Margarete Elisabeth von Wylre, the sister of Johann Bertram von Wylre. The Carolingian masonry of the cellar wall of Jakobstr. 35 to Jakobstr. 37 is almost 1.50 m thick. Heusch: The Wylresche Hof in Aachen. 1956, pp. 344f., 358.
  2. ↑ The tombstone of the Wylre-Merode couple was in the Suermondt Museum in 1956. Fig. In: Brügghen: The lay judges of the Royal See of Aachen. 1928, after p. 400; Heusch: The Wylresche Hof in Aachen. 1956, p. 344.
  3. ↑ Cloth manufacturer Edmund Joseph Kelleter became second adjunct on August 28, 1808 and March 25, 1813. He died on November 16, 1821. Thomas R. Kraus : On the way to modernity. Aachen in French times. 1792/93, 1794–1814 (= magazine of the Aachen History Association. Supplements 4). Catalog of the handbook for the exhibition in the “Coronation Hall” of Aachen City Hall from January 14 to March 5, 1995. Verlag des Aachener Geschichtsverein, Aachen 1994, ISBN 3-9802705-1-3 , p. 183.
  4. ↑ Achterbau is a term used by Laurenz Mefferdatis . It describes newly built factory buildings in connection with yard facilities. Dauber: Aachen villa architecture. 1985, p. 24.
  5. ↑ 1825 co-founder of the Aachen fire insurance; 1834/35 member of the Aachen Chamber of Commerce; mated with Wilhelmine Bettendorf, she is also mentioned by Cünzer in his novella Folie des Dames . Heusch: The Wylresche Hof in Aachen. 1956, p. 353.
  6. ^ City of Aachener Zeitung. November 5, 1833, ZDB -ID 1122664-x , No. 263. Josef Lambertz: Aachen life in the mirror of newspaper reports. Volume 2: 1794-1943. Catalog and register. sn, Aachen, 2005.
  7. ↑ Chronicle of the City of Aachen 1996.
  8. ↑ DI 32, City of Aachen, No. 72 (Helga Giersiepen), in: Inscription catalog of the city of Aachen
  9. ↑ a b Schoenen: Johann Joseph Couven. 1964, p. 97.
  10. ↑ Buchkremer: The architects Johann Joseph Couven and Jakob Couven. 1895, pp. 96-107.
  11. ↑ Buchkremer: The architects Johann Joseph Couven and Jakob Couven. 1895, p. 193, no.31.
  12. ^ Paul Clemen (ed.): The art monuments of the Rhine province. Volume 10: Karl Faymonville , Joseph Laurent , Richard Pick: The art monuments of the city of Aachen. Department 3: The secular monuments and collections of the city of Aachen. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1924, p. 788, Fig. 59, p. 777. Fig. Of the main building in Paul Schoenen: Johann Joseph Couven. 1964, plate 68.
  13. ^ Heusch: The Wylresche Hof in Aachen. 1956, p. 434.
  14. ↑ The garden front is kept in "rich red of the muddy wall surface between the pillars painted in stone". Heusch: The Wylresche Hof in Aachen. 1956, p. 358.
  15. ^ Heusch: The Wylresche Hof in Aachen. 1956, p. 342f.
  16. ↑ Therese Ledru worked in the Kelleter factory, who later became the owner of the Villa Tivoli from the fictional character in Carl Borromäus Cünzer's novella Folie des Dames .
  17. ↑ Schoenen: Johann Joseph Couven. 1964, p. 95.
  18. ↑ Floor plan of the first floor Fig. 3 in: Dauber: Aachener Villenarchitektur. 1985, pp. 13, 24.
  19. ^ Günther Borchers (Ed.): Landeskonservator Rheinland. List of monuments. 1.1 Aachen city center with Frankenberg quarter . Edited by Volker Osteneck, Rheinland Verlag, Cologne 1977, ISBN 978-3-7927-0332-8 , p. 89 with the assistance of Hans Königs .

Web links

Commons : Wylre'sches Haus  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 26.3 "  N , 6 ° 4 ′ 45"  E