Yogyakarta principles

The Yogyakarta Principles (in the original: The Yogyakarta Principles Principles on the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity. ) Apply human rights with 29 principles in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity at. They are intended to be used in cases of possible violation of the rights of lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender people , collectively LGBT . They were published on March 23, 2007 by internationally recognized human rights activists in Yogyakarta , Indonesia .

background

The document applies internationally recognized human rights to the problem of discrimination against people on the basis of their gender identity or sexual orientation. Measures are specified which states should take to counter human rights violations. The aim is to create guidelines for non-discriminatory treatment on an international and national level. The Principles prohibit torture , the death penalty , honor killing and state discrimination, and provide the right to raise a family and the right to health protection. The German government called the Yogyakarta Principles 2007 "an important contribution made by civil society that is suitable for objectifying the debate on the subject of discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity".

In addition to the relevant document in English, there are official translations into the other five official languages of the United Nations. In the summer of 2008 the guidelines were translated into German by the Hirschfeld Eddy Foundation .

Same-sex sexual acts are prohibited in 71 states, and there is a death penalty in 8 countries (as of 2017). This leads to hostility, personal injury and even physical assault, rape and even killings . There are also arrests and imprisonment. LGBT people are also often discriminated against by the authorities in Europe . In many cases, they are denied the right to free development of their personality . The Yogyakarta principles can be used to examine the extent to which human rights for LGBT people have been fully implemented.

The principles aim at a coherent and comprehensive identification of the obligation of states to respect the human rights of all people, regardless of their sexual orientation and gender identity.

Initial signatories include:

Vitit Muntarbhorn , professor at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok , since 2016 independent expert on sexual orientation and gender identity for the UN Human Rights Council
Manfred Nowak , Professor of Constitutional and Human Rights at the University of Vienna and United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture, member of the International Commission of Jurists
Dimitrina Petrova (Bulgaria), Executive Director of "The Equal Rights Trust"
Rudi Mohammed Rizki (Indonesia), United Nations Special Rapporteur on International Solidarity, Lecturer and Vice Dean for Academic Affairs in the Law Department of the University of Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Mary Robinson , Founder of Realizing Rights: The Ethical Globalization Initiative, President of Ireland and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
Martin Scheinin , Professor of Constitutional and International Law and Director of the Institute for Human Rights, Åbo Akademi University , United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Combating Terrorism
Wan Yanhai (China), founder of the “AIZHI Action Project” and head of the AIZHIXING Institute for Health Education, Beijing
Stephen Whittle (UK), Professor of Equality Law at Manchester Metropolitan University and many others

The Yogyakarta Principles

The Yogyakarta principles are structured using a 29-point list. "The Yogyakarta Principles are the first systematic overview of the guarantee of human rights for lesbians, gays [,] bisexuals and transgender (LGBT)". They apply codified rights to LGBT people in international human rights pacts.

Individual evidence

↑ UNHCR Guidance Note on Refugee Claims Relating to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
^ German Bundestag: Small Inquiry: Evaluation and assessment of the Yogyakarta principles by the federal government
↑ Aengus Carroll, Lucas Ramón Mendos: State-Sponsored Homophobia 2017. A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalization, protection and recognition. ILGA . May 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2017. pp. 37–40.
↑ Michael O'Flaherty, John Fisher: Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and International Human Rights Law: Contextualizing the Yogyakarta Principles. Human Rights Law Review (2008) 8 (2): 207-248, doi: 10.1093 / hrlr / ngn009 .
^ Guarantee of human rights for lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender people. Hirschfeld Eddy Foundation, accessed on June 9, 2017.

literature

Hirschfeld Eddy Foundation (Ed.): The Yogyakarta Principles. Principles for the application of human rights in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity (= series of publications by the Hirschfeld-Eddy Foundation. Volume 1, ISSN 1865-6056 ). Berlin 2008 ( full text , PDF, 534 kB, accessed on June 9, 2017).
Michael O'Flaherty, John Fisher: Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and International Human Rights Law: Contextualizing the Yogyakarta Principles. In: Human Rights Law Review. Volume 8, No. 2, 2008, ISSN 1461-7781 , pp. 207-248.

Web links

[1] UNHCR Guidance Note on Refugee Claims Relating to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

[2] German Bundestag: Small Inquiry: Evaluation and assessment of the Yogyakarta principles by the federal government

[3] Aengus Carroll, Lucas Ramón Mendos: State-Sponsored Homophobia 2017. A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalization, protection and recognition. ILGA . May 2017. Retrieved May 22, 2017. pp. 37–40.

[4] Michael O'Flaherty, John Fisher: Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and International Human Rights Law: Contextualizing the Yogyakarta Principles. Human Rights Law Review (2008) 8 (2): 207-248, doi: 10.1093 / hrlr / ngn009 .

[5] Guarantee of human rights for lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender people. Hirschfeld Eddy Foundation, accessed on June 9, 2017.