Double fluted hawthorn

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Double fluted hawthorn
Double fluted hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata)

Double fluted hawthorn ( Crataegus laevigata )

Systematics
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Maloideae
Tribe : Pyreae
Sub tribus : Pome fruit family (Pyrinae)
Genre : Hawthorns ( Crataegus )
Type : Double fluted hawthorn
Scientific name
Crataegus laevigata
( Poir. ) DC.

The two handles Lige Hawthorn ( Crataegus laevigata ) is a plant from the genus of hawthorn ( Crataegus ) and belongs to the family of Rosaceae (Rosaceae). It is common in Europe.

description

bark
Stem with stipules
Short shoots with bud and thorn
Open flower with two styles
Flowers with five white petals and two styles
Radially symmetrical flowers and leaves
Cup with triangular sepals
Fruits and leaves
Two seed fruit

Appearance and leaf

The two-fluted hawthorn is a deciduous shrub or small tree that reaches heights of between 2 and 10 meters. The stems are lignified and heavily branched . They form a multitude of spines . The bark has a smooth and light gray surface, whereas the bark is brown in color and has a cracked structure.

The leaves are bare and little divided or lobed up to a third of the leaf half, rarely they are split up to half. The leaf lobes are blunt. The leaves of the short shoots are little divided, barely over 1/3 of the blade, oval-rounded in outline with blunt, more or less relatively blunt-toothed leaf lobes and the underside of the leaf is a little lighter green than the upper side, but not bluish.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering time is in May. Many flowers are grouped together in an umbel-shaped inflorescence . The hermaphrodite flowers have a diameter of 0.7 to 2.5 centimeters and are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The five adjoining to obliquely upright and outwardly inclined sepals are broad-triangular and hardly longer than wide with a blunt or rounded upper end. The five petals are pure white. There are always two or three styluses , which are often also recognizable by the fruits, and individual flowers rarely have even one stylus. The anthers are red.

After fertilization under constant are ovary into a rock-hard core housing with two or three stone cores in red apple fruits included. When ripe, the fruit is bright brick to dull brown-red.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 34.

ecology

The double-fluted hawthorn is a mesomorphic nanophanerophyte or phanerophyte . In very rare cases, individual specimens can live up to 500 years.

The roots have an ectotrophic mycorrhiza .

From an ecological point of view, it is nectar-bearing disc flowers with a fish-like odor of trimethylamine . The pollination is done by insects .

The spread of the diaspores , it is the fruits, occurs through digestive spread ( endozoochor ).

Occurrence

The two-fluted hawthorn is present in the floral elements of the submeridional montane zone up to the temperate sub-ocean zone of Europe. In Germany it is widespread in all federal states, but occurs only sparsely in the Alps , the Black Forest and the Upper Rhine . In the eastern part of Schleswig-Holstein , the two-fluted hawthorn species is common (i.e. present in over 90% of all mapped areas).

The two-flute hawthorn is found in hedges and forest edge bushes of deciduous forests or forests rich in hardwood in almost all of Europe and north to southern Scandinavia.

According to the plant sociological units according to Oberdorfer , the two-fluted hawthorn is found in the plant communities of the orders Prunetalia spinosae (mesophilic to xerophilic hedges and bushes) and Fagetalia sylvaticae (mesophytic, beech-like deciduous forests of Europe).

In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of 1000 meters.

Taxonomy

It was first published in 1798 under the name ( Basionym ) Mespilus laevigata by Jean Louis Marie Poiret in Lamarck and Poiret: Encycl. , 4, 2, p. 439. The new combination to Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. was founded in 1825 by Augustin Pyrame de Candolle in Prodr. , Volume 2, p. 630. Other synonyms for Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. : Crataegus coriacea Gand. non Woods, Crataegus kupfferi Cinovskis , Crataegus oxyacanthoides Thuill. , Crataegus palmstruchii Lindm. , Crataegus subinermis Gand. , Crataegus walokochiana (Hrabětová) Soó , Mespilus digyna Gray nom. illeg., Mespilus intermedia Poir. , Mespilus oxyacanthoides (Thuill.) DC. , Oxyacantha matthioli Bubani nom. illeg., Oxyacantha obtusata M.Roem. , Oxyacantha vulgaris M. Roem . , Crataegus laevigata subsp. carnoviensis (Hrabětová) Dostál , Crataegus laevigata subsp. palmstruchii (Lindm.) Franco , Crataegus laevigata subsp. vulgaris (M. Roem.) Baranec , Crataegus laevigata subsp. walokochiana (Hrabětová) Holub , Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. carnoviensis Hrabětová , Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. joachymii Hrabětová , Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. microphylla (Lange) Dostál , Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. oxyacanthoides (Thuill.) Arcang. , Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. polygyna H.Lév. , Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. vernicosa Lange , Crataegus oxyacantha subsp. walokochiana Hrabětová , Crataegus palmstruchii subsp. rhenana R. Knapp .

Ornamental plant

There is a cultivated form of the double fluted hawthorn, the real hawthorn Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet'.

literature

  • Werner Rothmaler : Excursion flora from Germany vascular plants: basic volume. 18th edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3827413591 .
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen. Interactive flora of Germany. Seeing - determining - knowing. The key to the flora . CD-ROM, version 2.0. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2004, ISBN 3-494-01368-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e f g h Two-fluted hawthorn. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 508.
  3. Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 109.
  4. Data sheet of the Flora Europaea .
  5. Crataegus laevigata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

Web links

Commons : Two-fluted Hawthorn ( Crataegus laevigata )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files