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{{Infobox Given Name Revised
:''"Illuminata" redirects here. For the 1998 [[John Turturro]] film, see [[Illuminata (film)]]. For other uses, see [[Illuminati (disambiguation)]].''
| name = Kyle palazzolo has a small penis
| image=
| imagesize=
| caption=
| pronunciation=
| gender = Usually male, occasionally female
| meaning = ''"Narrows", "channel", "strait", "Fair and Handsome" ''
| region =
| origin = Scottish
| related names = Coil
| footnotes = {{{footnotes|}}}
}}


'''Kyle''' is a [[name]] that was originally a family name (surname) but like other family names became a popular given name (first name) in English speaking countries. As a given name, it is only given to males.
'''Illuminati''' (plural of [[Latin]] ''illuminatus'', "enlightened") is a name that refers to several groups, both historical and modern, and both real and fictitious. Historically, it refers specifically to the ([[Bavarian]]) Illuminati, an [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]]-era [[secret society]] founded on May 1st, 1776. In modern times it is also used to refer to a purported conspiratorial organization which acts as a shadowy [[power behind the throne]], allegedly controlling world affairs through present day [[governments]] and [[corporations]], usually as a modern incarnation or continuation of the [[Bavaria]]n Illuminati. In this context, ''Illuminati'' is often used in reference to a [[New World Order (conspiracy)|New World Order (NWO)]]. Many [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorist]]s believe the Illuminati are the masterminds behind events that will lead to the establishment of such a New World Order. Confusing the issue further is the fact that there are also several modern fraternal groups which include the word "Illuminati" in their names.
<!-- {{TOCleft}} -->


== Origin ==
In more rare cases, the Illuminati might refer to a [[gnosis|gnostic]] ''elite'' who focus upon the belief that they are uniquely empowered by their [[bodhi|enlightenment]],{{Fact|date=September 2008}} similar to the [[intelligentsia]] classes of today they are empowered by their education and intelligence.{{Fact|date=September 2008}} These are people who consider themselves to have become ''illuminated'' and have achieved a far greater mystical understanding of the universe than the vast majority of the ignorant masses of the world. Many secret societies and [[Mysticism|mystical]] traditions are concerned with the attainment of this kind of illumination or enlightenment via [[occult]] practices, and with keeping its secrets to themselves and their initiates, such as the [[Rosicrucianism|Rosicrucian]] Societies and [[Martinism|Martinist]] Societies.<ref>[[Arkon Daraul|Daraul, Arkon]], ''A History of Secret Societies'', London Octagon 1983 (originally London: Muller, 1961) ISBN 0863040241</ref>


One derivation of the surname is from the [[Scottish Highlands]] word ''caol'', '[[channel]]', or '[[strait]]', but there are other possible derivations.
== The Bavarian Illuminati ==
{{Citations broken|date=September 2008}}


Most [[Scottish Lowlands|Lowland Scots]] and [[Irish people|Irish]] Kyles probably trace their name to the ancient Kyle District of Ayrshire, Scotland. In those days a person was often referred to by his residence, for example "John of Kyle."
[[Image:Adam Weishaupt01.jpg|thumb|[[Adam Weishaupt]]]]


In the Kyle District itself, the origin of the name is traditionally attributed to Old [[King Cole]] (also written "Coil" or "Coel").
This movement was founded on May 1, 1776, in [[Ingolstadt]] ([[Upper Bavaria]]), by [[Jesuit]]-taught [[Adam Weishaupt]] (d. 1830),<ref>[http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/anti-masonry/stauffer.html The European Illuminati] by Vernon L. Stauffer, hosted on the Grand Lodge of British Columbia & Yukon website (hereafter BC&Y).</ref> who was the first lay professor of [[canon law]] at the [[University of Ingolstadt]].<ref>[http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/illuminati.html A Bavarian Illuminati Primer] Compiled by Trevor W. McKeown hosted BC&Y</ref> The movement was made up of [[freethought|freethinkers]], as an offshoot of the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]]<ref>[http://www.atheists.org/Atheism/roots/enlightenment/ The Enlightenment, Freemasonry, and The Illuminati; American Atheists]</ref>, which some amateur historians believe was a conspiracy to infiltrate and overthrow the governments of many European states.<ref>[[Seth Payson|Payson, Seth]], ''Proof of the Illuminati'', The Invisible College Press, LLC, 2003 (first published in Charlestown: Etheridge, 1802) ISBN 1931468141</ref><ref>[http://reactor-core.org/proofs-of-a-conspiracy#chapter2 Chapter 2--The Illuminati; Proofs of a Conspiracy; John Robison; 1798]</ref>.{{Verify credibility|date=September 2008}} The group's adherents were given the name "Illuminati", although they called themselves "'''Perfectibilists'''". The group has also been called the '''Illuminati Order''' and the '''Bavarian Illuminati''', and the movement itself has been referred to as '''Illuminism''' (after [[illuminism]]). In 1777, [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Karl Theodor]], Elector Palatine, succeeded as ruler of Bavaria. He was a proponent of [[Enlightened Despotism]] and in [[1784]], his government banned all [[secret societies]], including the Illuminati.


Other possible derivations include:
While it was not legally allowed to operate, many influential intellectuals and progressive politicians counted themselves as members, including [[Ferdinand of Brunswick]] and the diplomat [[Xavier von Zwack]].<ref>[http://www.cesnur.org/2005/mi_illuminati_en.htm page from cesnur.org]</ref> Xavier von Zwack was also the number two man in the operation and was caught with much of the group's documentation when his home was searched. The Illuminati's members pledged obedience to their superiors, and were divided into three main classes, each with several degrees.<ref>
# Harrison’s ''Surnames of the United Kingdom'' says major variants Keil, Kile and Kyle, originated from the Celtic word ''coal'', "narrow", and defines ''Kyle'' as "Dweller at the Narrow or Strait". Even today many Scottish straits retain that name, such as the Kyle of Lochash, Kyle of Sutherland. (But there are actually no narrows or straights in the District of Kyle, Ayrshire.)
::'''Greater Mysteries'''
# Some variations might stem from European forms: Kyle from [[Sweden]]; Kehl, Keil, Keyl, Coil, Kail from [[German people|German]] and [[Dutch people|Dutch]] families; Kuyle from [[Flemish people|Flemish families]].
::*Rex ("king")
# Robert Chalmers of Ayrshire in his ''History of Scotland'' claimed the word ''kyle'' means "a woody region".
::*Magus ("sorceror")
# Another possible connection is that in [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]] ''cill'' means "church" or "churchyard"
::'''Lesser Mysteries'''
# One source claims that ''kylle'' in old Scotland meant [[candle]] (Workmans Manuscript).
::*Regent ("ruler")
# R.A. Kyle of [[Belfast]] claims that the names "Kyle", "Kail" and "Kaile" derive from the [[Anglo-Saxon]] ''cil'' meaning "ship"
::*Presbyter ("priest")
# In modern [[Welsh language|Welsh]] (the language closest to the ancient [[Brythonic language]] of Kyle), ''coel'' means "omen or belief." ''Coelio'' means "to believe or trust".
:;MASONRY
# One source claims that the [[Irish language|Irish Gaelic]] equivalent of "Kyle" is "Mac Suile". It claims that this is corroborated by the summary of returns of local registrars, published by Matheson in 1901, which say that in the Ballycastle district (Co. Antrim) "Kyle" and "MacSuile" were used as [[synonym]]s by members of the same family.
:;*Illuminatus dirigens / Scotch Knight ("director illuminated")
# "Coyle", a somewhat common surname in Co. Cavan Ireland, derives from the Irish name "''Mac Giolla Chomgaill''", or "Son of the Devotee of St. Comhghal". Comhghal (pronounced Cowal) was a two-fisted priest of the 7th century who founded [[Bangor Abbey]], at one time the largest [[monastery]] in Ireland. (Comhghal also accompanied the better-known St. Columba on his trip to Scotland to convert the [[Picts]] and confront the [[Loch Ness monster]].) The same name is sometimes anglicized as "MacIlhoyle" or "MacCool".
:;*Illuminatus major ("more illuminated")
# There is a [[phonetic]] similarity to the words "kyloe" and "kyley;" one of the small long-horned breed of Highland cattle (Old English cy-leah – cow pasture) – ''Oxford Dictionary of English [[Etymology]]'' – contributed by Roland Symons.
:;NURSERY
# 'Kyles' was a form of [[skittles]] (bowling) and some might have been given the name as a [[nickname]]. The game is apparently quite old, as two 14th century manuscripts show a game called club Kayles -- from the French "quilles" or skittles. See Battle of [[Sherramuir]]. Source: Sorbie Pages and Skittles History
::*Illuminatus minor ("less illuminated")
# The name "Coelestius" or "Caelestius", meaning "heavenly", was a common first name among [[Christian]]s in the Late [[Roman Empire]]. One Coelestius, a Roman-educated [[Britons (historic)|Briton]] was the instigator of the [[Pelagian heresy]] at the time of King Cole. PF Turner in ''The Real [[King Arthur]]'' postulates this as King Cole's given name.
::*Minerval ("skilled")
# Finally, there was a well known Roman family or ''gens'' called Coelius (or Caelius). See [[Old King Cole]].
::*Novice
::*Preparation
</ref>
The order had its branches in most countries of the European continent; it reportedly had around 2,000 members over the span of 10 years.<ref>[http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/illuminati.html A Bavarian Illuminati Primer] Compiled by Trevor W. McKeown hosted BC&Y</ref> The scheme had its attraction for literary men, such as [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] and [[Johann Gottfried Herder]], and even for the reigning dukes of [[Gotha (district)|Gotha]] and [[Weimar]]. Internal rupture and panic over succession preceded its downfall, which was effected by The Secular Edict made by the Bavarian government in [[1785]].{{Fact|date=August 2007}}


== Famous people ==
==Modern Illuminati==
:''For people with surname Kyle, see [[Kyle (surname)]]''.
{{main|New World Order (conspiracy theory)}}
* [[Kyle (Australian singer)]], Australian R&B singer
Conspiracy theorists such as [[David Icke]], Ryan Burke and Morgan Gricar, have argued that the Bavarian Illuminati survived, possibly to this day. Many of these theories propose that world events are being controlled and manipulated by a [[secret society]] calling itself the Illuminati.<ref>Barkun, Michael. ''A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America'', Comparative Studies in Religion and Society, University of California Press, 2003,</ref> However, no evidence exists to show that Weishaupt's group survived into the 19th century.
* [[Kyle Baker]], an American writer and illustrator of comic books
* [[Kyle Boller]], an American football quarterback
* [[Kyle Broflovski]], character in ''South Park''
* [[Kyle Busch]], NASCAR racer
* [[Kyle Calder]], an American ice hockey player
* [[Kyle Chandler]], American actor
* [[Kyle Cooper]], a designer of motion picture title sequences
* [[Kyle Farnsworth]], a pitcher for the Detroit Tigers
* [[Kyle Gann]], an American composer
* [[Kyle Gass]], an American musician
* [[Kyle Hamilton (rower)]], a Canadian rower
* [[Kyle Janek]], a Republican member of Texas Senate
* [[Kyle Johnson (football player)]], American football player
* [[Kyle MacDonald]], Canadian blogger
* [[Kyle MacLachlan]], an American actor
* [[Kyle McLaren]], a Canadian ice hockey player
* [[Kyle Massey]], an American actor
* [[Kyle Mills]], a New Zealand cricketer
* [[Kyle Orton]], NFL quarterback for the Chicago Bears
* [[Kyle Petty]], NASCAR racer
* [[Kyle Pruett]], physician and author
* [[Kyle Riabko]], a Canadian musician
* [[Kyle Sandilands]], Australian radio presenter
* [[Kyle Turley]], an American football player for the Kansas City Chiefs
* [[Kyle Wellwood]], Canadian ice hockey player


== Fictional characters ==
In addition to the conspiracy theories, several modern groups have used the name Illuminati in founding their own rites. Some of these include the [[Ordo Templi Orientis]] (OTO) founded by [[Theodor Reuss]] and [[Aleister Crowley]] (England),<ref>[http://user.cyberlink.ch/~koenig/illumin.htm page from cyberlink.ch]</ref> Grand Lodge Rockefeller founded by David Goldman (USA), Orden Illuminati founded by Gabriel López de Rojas (Spain), The Illuminati Order<ref>[http://illuminati-order.com illuminati-order.com]</ref> and others.
* [[Kyle (Suikoden)]], a character in the video game ''Suikoden''
* [[Kyle Baldwin]], character in ''The 4400''
* [[Kyle Katarn]], main character of the ''Jedi Knight'' series of ''Star Wars'' games
* [[Kyle Rayner]], the last in a long line of ''Green Lantern''s in DC Comics
* [[Kyle Reese]], character from the ''Terminator'' film series
* Kyle Richmond, or [[Nighthawk (Supreme Power)]], a superhero from Marvel Comics' ''Supreme Power'' series
* [[Kyle Trager]], character in ''[[Kyle XY]]'' TV series
* [[Kyle Travers]], character in ''Final Fight'' games
* [[Kyle Broflovski]], character in [[South Park]]


==In popular culture==
== Television ==
* ''[[Kyle XY]]'', a TV series
* KYLE, the call sign for the [[KWKT]] television station repeater in Bryan, Texas


== Places ==
The Illuminati are central to the plots of many novels. Prominent examples include: ''[[The Illuminatus! Trilogy]]'' by [[Robert Shea]] and [[Robert Anton Wilson]], [[Dan Brown]]'s ''[[Angels & Demons]]'', ''The Fallen Angels'' by Susannah Kells & [[Bernard Cornwell]], and ''The Illuminati'' by Larry Burkett.
;Australia
* [[Kyle Bay, New South Wales]]
;Canada
* [[Kyle, Saskatchewan]]
** [[Kyle Airport]]
;United Kingdom
* [[Kyle, Ayrshire]], a district of the county of Ayrshire, Scotland
* [[Kyle of Lochalsh]], a town in Scotland
** [[Kyle of Lochalsh Line]], a railway line
;United States
* [[Kyle, Indiana]]
* [[Kyle, South Dakota]]
* [[Kyle, Texas]]


== Other ==
The Illuminati have also featured in the plots of many comic book series. In Marvel comics a faction of the most influential heroes of the [[Marvel Universe]] formed a group called the [[Illuminati (Marvel Comics)|Illuminati]].<ref>[http://www.comics.org/series.lasso?SeriesID=17392 CGD – New Avengers: Illuminati]</ref> In the DC universe, [[Vandal Savage]] is known to have served as the leader of Illuminati.
* [[Kyle Field]], home of the 12th Man and the Fightin Texas Aggie Football Team
* Baron of Kyle, a minor [[title]] held by HRH [[Charles, Prince of Wales]]
* [[Hurricane Kyle|Kyle]], a name of several tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean


{{disambig}}
The Illuminati have also appeared in film and on TV. They are central to the plot of the movie ''[[Lara Croft: Tomb Raider]]'' starring Angelina Jolie, a film adaptation of the popular video game series by the same name. In the [[Disney]] animated television show ''[[Gargoyles (TV series)|Gargoyles]]'', the Illuminati have existed for over 1,000 years, with a heavy hand in the world of organized crime. To hint at the scope of their power and influence, the character [[David Xanatos]] is referred to as a "lower echelon member."


[[Category:Given names]]
The Illuminati also figure prominently in plot lines of many video games such as: [[Deus Ex]], its sequel [[Deus Ex: Invisible War]], [[Area 51 (2005 video game)|Area-51]], and [[Resident Evil 4]].

The Illuminati also served as the inspiration and name for a [[Illuminati (game)| series of card games]] from [[Steve Jackson Games]] that satirized consipiracy theories.

Though removed now, the Illuminati has also appeared in background books for Games Workshop's [[Warhammer 40,000]] tabletop game. The Illuminati are described in the fictional encyclopedia "Sub Rosa", which is a supplement to the Swedish roleplaying game "Götterdämmerung". The description includes various elements of different Illuminati descriptions, but includes mostly fiction.<ref>Bergquist, Theodore; Jacobsson, Anders; Nilsson Richard, ''Sub Rosa - Hemliga Ordnar och Sällskap'', RiotMinds Stockholm 2008, ISBN 978-91-977263-0-6</ref>

==Notes==
<!-- this 'empty' section displays references defined elsewhere -->
{{reflist}}

== References ==
*{{cite book | author=Payson, Seth | title=Proof of the Illuminati | publisher=The Invisible College Press, LLC | year=2003 (first published in 1802) | locaton=Charlestown: Etheridge | id=ISBN 1931468141}}
*[[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]]:'' "Illuminati"''
* Die Korrespondenz des Illuminatenordens. Bd. 1, 1776–81. Ed. by Reinhard Markner, Monika Neugebauer-Wölk and Hermann Schüttler. - Tübingen, Max Niemeyer, 2005. - ISBN 3-484-10881-9
*Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 1650–1750. Israel, Jonathan I. (Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition, 2002).
*{{cite book | author=Barkun, Michael | title=A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America | publisher=University of California Press, Berkeley | year=2003 | editor= | id=ISBN 0-520-23805-2}}
*{{cite book
| last = Johnson
| first = George
| year = 1983
| title = Architects of Fear: Conspiracy Theories and Paranoia in American Politics
| publisher = Jeremy P. Tarcher, Inc.
| location = Los Angeles
| id = ISBN 0-87477-275-3
}}


[[de:Kyle]]
==External links==
[[fr:Kyle]]
{{commonscat}}
[[nl:Kyle]]
*[http://www.illuminaten.org Articles and term paper about Adam Weishaupt and the historic illuminati... (english/german)]
[[pl:Kyle]]
*[http://www.sacred-texts.com/sro/pc/index.htm Complete text of 'Proofs of a Conspiracy...' by John Robison (1797) at sacred-texts.com]
[[pt:Kyle]]
*[http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/Illuminati.htm ''Illuminati Conspiracy Part One: A Precise Exegesis on the Available Evidence'' by Terry Melanson]
[[sv:Kyle]]
*[http://www.atheists.org/Atheism/roots/enlightenment/ ''The Enlightenment, Freemasonry, and The Illuminati'' by Conrad Goeringer]
[[vo:Kyle]]
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07661b.htm The Catholic Encyclopedia entry on Illuminati]
[[ab:Kyle]]


{{Conspiracy theories}}


[[Category:Secret societies]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theories]]
[[Category:Ingolstadt]]


{{Link FA|de}}
{{rewrite}}
[[bn:ইলুমিনাতি]]
[[bg:Илюминати]]
[[ca:Illuminati]]
[[cs:Ilumináti]]
[[da:Illuminati (Bayern)]]
[[de:Illuminatenorden]]
[[et:Illuminaadid]]
[[es:Illuminati]]
[[eu:Illuminati]]
[[fa:اشراقیون]]
[[fr:Illuminati de Bavière]]
[[id:Illuminati]]
[[it:Illuminati]]
[[he:אילומינטי]]
[[lv:Ilumināti]]
[[lt:Iliuminatai]]
[[nl:Illuminati (orde)]]
[[ja:イルミナティ]]
[[no:Illuminatus]]
[[pl:Zakon iluminatów]]
[[pt:Illuminati]]
[[ru:Иллюминаты]]
[[simple:Illuminati]]
[[sl:Iluminati]]
[[sr:Илуминати]]
[[fi:Illuminati]]
[[sv:Illuminati]]
[[tr:İlluminati]]
[[uk:Іллюмінаті]]
[[zh:光照派]]

Revision as of 00:29, 13 October 2008

Kyle palazzolo has a small penis
GenderUsually male, occasionally female
Origin
Word/nameScottish
Meaning"Narrows", "channel", "strait", "Fair and Handsome"
Other names
Related namesCoil

Kyle is a name that was originally a family name (surname) but like other family names became a popular given name (first name) in English speaking countries. As a given name, it is only given to males.

Origin

One derivation of the surname is from the Scottish Highlands word caol, 'channel', or 'strait', but there are other possible derivations.

Most Lowland Scots and Irish Kyles probably trace their name to the ancient Kyle District of Ayrshire, Scotland. In those days a person was often referred to by his residence, for example "John of Kyle."

In the Kyle District itself, the origin of the name is traditionally attributed to Old King Cole (also written "Coil" or "Coel").

Other possible derivations include:

  1. Harrison’s Surnames of the United Kingdom says major variants Keil, Kile and Kyle, originated from the Celtic word coal, "narrow", and defines Kyle as "Dweller at the Narrow or Strait". Even today many Scottish straits retain that name, such as the Kyle of Lochash, Kyle of Sutherland. (But there are actually no narrows or straights in the District of Kyle, Ayrshire.)
  2. Some variations might stem from European forms: Kyle from Sweden; Kehl, Keil, Keyl, Coil, Kail from German and Dutch families; Kuyle from Flemish families.
  3. Robert Chalmers of Ayrshire in his History of Scotland claimed the word kyle means "a woody region".
  4. Another possible connection is that in Gaelic cill means "church" or "churchyard"
  5. One source claims that kylle in old Scotland meant candle (Workmans Manuscript).
  6. R.A. Kyle of Belfast claims that the names "Kyle", "Kail" and "Kaile" derive from the Anglo-Saxon cil meaning "ship"
  7. In modern Welsh (the language closest to the ancient Brythonic language of Kyle), coel means "omen or belief." Coelio means "to believe or trust".
  8. One source claims that the Irish Gaelic equivalent of "Kyle" is "Mac Suile". It claims that this is corroborated by the summary of returns of local registrars, published by Matheson in 1901, which say that in the Ballycastle district (Co. Antrim) "Kyle" and "MacSuile" were used as synonyms by members of the same family.
  9. "Coyle", a somewhat common surname in Co. Cavan Ireland, derives from the Irish name "Mac Giolla Chomgaill", or "Son of the Devotee of St. Comhghal". Comhghal (pronounced Cowal) was a two-fisted priest of the 7th century who founded Bangor Abbey, at one time the largest monastery in Ireland. (Comhghal also accompanied the better-known St. Columba on his trip to Scotland to convert the Picts and confront the Loch Ness monster.) The same name is sometimes anglicized as "MacIlhoyle" or "MacCool".
  10. There is a phonetic similarity to the words "kyloe" and "kyley;" one of the small long-horned breed of Highland cattle (Old English cy-leah – cow pasture) – Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology – contributed by Roland Symons.
  11. 'Kyles' was a form of skittles (bowling) and some might have been given the name as a nickname. The game is apparently quite old, as two 14th century manuscripts show a game called club Kayles -- from the French "quilles" or skittles. See Battle of Sherramuir. Source: Sorbie Pages and Skittles History
  12. The name "Coelestius" or "Caelestius", meaning "heavenly", was a common first name among Christians in the Late Roman Empire. One Coelestius, a Roman-educated Briton was the instigator of the Pelagian heresy at the time of King Cole. PF Turner in The Real King Arthur postulates this as King Cole's given name.
  13. Finally, there was a well known Roman family or gens called Coelius (or Caelius). See Old King Cole.

Famous people

For people with surname Kyle, see Kyle (surname).

Fictional characters

Television

  • Kyle XY, a TV series
  • KYLE, the call sign for the KWKT television station repeater in Bryan, Texas

Places

Australia
Canada
United Kingdom
United States

Other


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