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{{short description|French politician}}
{{short description|French politician}}


{{ infobox Politician
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| name = Jean-Pierre Stirbois
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'''Jean-Pierre Stirbois''' (30 January 1945, [[Paris]] – 5 November 1988, [[Jouars-Pontchartrain]]) was a [[French far-right]] politician. Along with his wife [[Marie-France Stirbois]], he was the main architect of the first electoral breakthrough of the [[National Front (France)|National Front]], elected deputy mayor of the city of [[Dreux]] in 1983.
'''Jean-Pierre Stirbois''' ({{IPA-fr|ʒɑ̃ pjɛʁ stiʁbwa}}; 30 January 1945, [[Paris]] – 5 November 1988, [[Jouars-Pontchartrain]]) was a [[French far-right]] politician. Elected deputy mayor in 1983 of [[Dreux]], a city of around 30,000 inhabitants at the time, he was one of the main architects, along with his wife [[Marie-France Stirbois]], of the first electoral breakthrough of the [[National Front (France)|National Front]].


== Biography ==
== Biography ==


=== Early life and activism (1945–1976) ===
=== Early life and activism (1945–1976) ===
Born on 30 January 1945 in Paris,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cayrol|first=Roland|title=Le guide du pouvoir: présidentielle 88 : la défaite de politique, les fantassins de la République|last2=Perrineau|first2=Pascal|last3=Leclerc|first3=Nathalie|date=1988|publisher=J.F. Doumic|year=|isbn=290654521X|location=|pages=316|language=fr|oclc=644014925}}</ref> Jean-Pierre Stirbois came from a working class family. As a teenager, he was became close to the [[French colonial empire|pro-colonial]] paramilitary organization [[Organisation armée secrète|OAS-Métro-Jeunes]].{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}}
Born on 30 January 1945 in Paris,<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Cayrol|first1=Roland|title=Le guide du pouvoir: présidentielle 88 : la défaite de politique, les fantassins de la République|last2=Perrineau|first2=Pascal|last3=Leclerc|first3=Nathalie|date=1988|publisher=J.F. Doumic|isbn=290654521X|pages=316|language=fr|oclc=644014925}}</ref> Jean-Pierre Stirbois came from a working-class family. As a teenager, he became close to the [[French colonial empire|pro-colonial]] paramilitary organization [[Organisation armée secrète|OAS-Métro-Jeunes]].{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}}


Stirbois attended the [[University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas|University Panthéon-Assas]].{{sfn|Igounet|2017}} Aged 19 in 1964, he decided to get involved in politics, influenced by the outcomes of the [[Algerian War]] (1954–62).<ref>Interview with Jean-Pierre Stirbois, ''L'Écho républicain de la Beauce et du Perche'', 10 June 1981 : "Je milite à droite depuis l'âge de 19 ans. Ce sont les événements douloureux d'Algérie qui m'ont amené à entrer en politique."</ref> Stirbois then joined the far-right militant group [[Occident (movement)|Occident]] and became the head of the youth wing in the national council of the "[[Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour|Tixier-Vignancour]] committees" during the [[1965 French presidential election|1965 presidential campaign]].{{sfn|Igounet|2017}} One of the creators of Jeune Alliance, he co-founded in 1965 the organization Mouvement Jeune Révolution (MJR). In 1969 he was nominated secretary general of the movement, and established in 1975 the Solidarist Union ("Union solidariste") to replace the MJR.{{sfn|Igounet|2017}} Close to [[Aginter Press]], he was condemned to a suspended 1-year jail sentence after arms and equipment for the production of explosives were discovered in his basement.{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}}
Stirbois attended the [[University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas|University Panthéon-Assas]].{{sfn|Igounet|2017}} Aged 19 in 1964, he decided to get involved in politics, influenced by the outcomes of the [[Algerian War]] (1954–62).<ref>Interview with Jean-Pierre Stirbois, ''L'Écho républicain de la Beauce et du Perche'', 10 June 1981 : "Je milite à droite depuis l'âge de 19 ans. Ce sont les événements douloureux d'Algérie qui m'ont amené à entrer en politique."</ref> Stirbois then joined the far-right militant group [[Occident (movement)|Occident]] and became the head of the youth wing in the national council of the "[[Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour|Tixier-Vignancour]] committees" during the [[1965 French presidential election|1965 presidential campaign]].{{sfn|Igounet|2017}}
One of the creators of Jeune Alliance, he co-founded in 1965 the organization Mouvement Jeune Révolution (MJR). In 1969 he was nominated secretary general of the movement, and he established in 1975 the Solidarist Union ("Union solidariste") to replace the MJR.{{sfn|Igounet|2017}} Close to [[Aginter Press]], he was condemned to a suspended one-year jail sentence after the discovery of arms and equipment for the production of explosives in his basement.{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}}


=== Member of the FN (1977–1988) ===
=== Member of the FN (1977–1988) ===
In 1977, Sirtois and his movement joined the [[National Rally (France)|Front National]] (FN). Following the death of [[François Duprat]] the following year, he became the right-hand man of FN founding leader [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]].{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}} Part of the [[Corporatism#Corporate solidarism|solidarist]] wing of the party and a pro-[[Zionist]], Stirbois opposed the neo-fascist factions in the FN who accused him of secretly being a Jew.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lebourg|first=Nicolas|date=October 2001|title=Neo-fascisme et nationalisme-révolutionnaire. 2. Etat-Nation-Europe|url=https://phdn.org/negation/lebourg2001/etatnation.html|url-status=live|journal=Domitia (PHDN reprint)|volume=1|pages=|archive-url=|archive-date=|via=|website=}}</ref> Stirbois dismissed them as "cheap Nazis" ("nazillons") and eventually managed to oust them from the party leadership.{{Sfn|Shields|2007|p=|pp=181, 184}} He supported at the same time an aggressive anti-immigrant political position,{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}} coining the expression "on les renverra" ("we will make them leave") in an interview.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Courbet|first=Claire|date=17 March 2015|title=Musée de l'immigration : "L'extrême-droite a franchi un palier"|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/culture/2015/03/17/03004-20150317ARTFIG00129-quel-rapport-entretient-l-extreme-droite-avec-la-culture.php|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|website=Le Figaro}}</ref>
In 1977, Sirtois and his movement joined the [[National Rally (France)|Front National]] (FN). Following the death of [[François Duprat]] the following year, he became the right-hand man of FN founding leader [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]].{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}} Part of the [[Corporatism#Corporate solidarism|solidarist]] wing of the party and a pro-[[Zionist]], Stirbois opposed the neo-fascist factions in the FN who accused him of secretly being a Jew.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lebourg|first=Nicolas|date=October 2001|title=Neo-fascisme et nationalisme-révolutionnaire. 2. Etat-Nation-Europe|url=https://phdn.org/negation/lebourg2001/etatnation.html|journal=Domitia (PHDN Reprint)|volume=1}}</ref> Stirbois dismissed them as "cheap Nazis" ("nazillons") and eventually managed to oust them from the party leadership.{{Sfn|Shields|2007|p=|pp=181, 184}} He supported at the same time an aggressive anti-immigrant political position,{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}} coining the expression "on les renverra" ("we will make them leave") in an interview.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Courbet|first=Claire|date=17 March 2015|title=Musée de l'immigration : "L'extrême-droite a franchi un palier"|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/culture/2015/03/17/03004-20150317ARTFIG00129-quel-rapport-entretient-l-extreme-droite-avec-la-culture.php|website=Le Figaro}}</ref>


In 1981 Stirbois became secretary-general of the FN.{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}} A candidate in the 1983 municipal election in [[Dreux]] ([[Eure-et-Loir]]), he managed to obtain nearly 17% of the votes in the first round, promising to "[[Remigration|invert the migratory flows]]". During the second round, the local mainstream right-wing parties [[Rally for the Republic]] (RPR) and [[Union for French Democracy]] (UDF) agreed to form an alliance with the FN. Together they won the second round with 55% of the vote and Stirbois became deputy mayor of the city.{{Sfn|Shields|2007|p=195}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/politicsonfringe00decl|url-access=registration|title=Politics on the Fringe: The People, Policies, and Organization of the French National Front|last=DeClair|first=Edward G.|date=1999|publisher=Duke University Press|year=|isbn=9780822321392|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/politicsonfringe00decl/page/60 60]|language=en}}</ref> Commonly called the "thunderclap of Dreux", the event was the first electoral breakthrough of the FN and is deemed a cornerstone of the rise of the party.{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kitschelt|first=Herbert|title=The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis|last2=McGann|first2=Anthony J.|date=1997|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=|isbn=9780472084418|location=|pages=100|language=en}}</ref>
In 1981 Stirbois became secretary-general of the FN.{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}} A candidate in the 1983 municipal election in [[Dreux]] ([[Eure-et-Loir]]), he managed to obtain nearly 17% of the votes in the first round, promising to "[[Remigration|invert the migratory flows]]". During the second round, the local mainstream right-wing parties [[Rally for the Republic]] (RPR) and [[Union for French Democracy]] (UDF) agreed to form an alliance with the FN. Together they won the second round with 55% of the vote and Stirbois became deputy mayor of the city.{{Sfn|Shields|2007|p=195}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/politicsonfringe00decl|url-access=registration|title=Politics on the Fringe: The People, Policies, and Organization of the French National Front|last=DeClair|first=Edward G.|date=1999|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=9780822321392|pages=[https://archive.org/details/politicsonfringe00decl/page/60 60]|language=en}}</ref> Commonly called the "thunderclap of Dreux", the event was the first electoral breakthrough of the FN and is regarded as a cornerstone of the rise of the party.{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}}<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kitschelt|first1=Herbert|title=The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis|last2=McGann|first2=Anthony J.|date=1997|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=9780472084418|pages=100|language=en}}</ref>


Stirbois was elected [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]] in the [[1984 European Parliament election in France|1984 European election]] as a FN candidate. In 1986, the use of [[proportional representation]] allowed him to enter the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] as a deputy for the [[Hauts-de-Seine]]. The rise of Stirbois led him to become a rival of [[Bruno Mégret]] and [[Carl Lang]] in the party.{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}}
Stirbois was elected [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]] in the [[1984 European Parliament election in France|1984 European election]] as a FN candidate. In 1986, the introduction of [[proportional representation]] allowed him to enter the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] as a deputy for the [[Hauts-de-Seine]]. The rise of Stirbois led him to become a rival of [[Bruno Mégret]] and [[Carl Lang]] in the party.{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}}


Labeling himself a "national-populist",{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}} the FN developed under his influence a strategy to attract left-wing voters: "those who traditionally vote left because they have always believed the left defends workers will gradually realize that the movement which best defends workers is the Front National." Between 1984 and 1986, the share of FN electors from the working class rose from 8 to 19%.{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}}
Labeling himself a "national-populist",{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}} the FN developed under his influence a strategy to attract left-wing voters: "those who traditionally vote left because they have always believed the left defends workers will gradually realize that the movement which best defends workers is the Front National." Between 1984 and 1986, the share of FN working class voters rose from 8 to 19%.{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}}


=== Death ===
=== Death ===
Following the defeat of Le Pen in the 1988 presidential election, he tried to convince the FN to call for a vote for [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist]] candidate [[François Mitterrand]]. Stirbois then participated in the "no" campaign for the [[1988 French Matignon Accords referendum|referendum in New Caledonia]].{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}} After having threatened France of a new [[Organisation armée secrète|OAS]] in a meeting in Dreux, claiming to be ready to "donate his skin in order to achieve his ideas" ("mettre sa peau au bout de ses idées"), he died in a car crash on 5 November 1988. 4,000 persons attended his funeral, including [[Yvan Blot]], [[Henry de Lesquen]], [[Jean-Gilles Malliarakis]], [[Pierre Pujo]], [[Pierre Sidos]], and [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]], who delivered the [[eulogy]].{{sfn|Igounet|2017}}
Following the defeat of Le Pen in the 1988 presidential election, he tried to convince the FN to call for a vote for [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist]] candidate [[François Mitterrand]]. Stirbois then participated in the "no" campaign for the [[1988 French Matignon Accords referendum|referendum in New Caledonia]].{{sfn|Beauregard|Lebourg|2011}} After having threatened France of a new [[Organisation armée secrète|OAS]] in a meeting in Dreux, claiming to be ready to "donate his skin in order to achieve his ideas" ("mettre sa peau au bout de ses idées"), Stirbois died in a car crash on 5 November 1988.{{sfn|Igounet|2017}}
4,000 persons attended his funeral, including [[Yvan Blot]], [[Henry de Lesquen]], [[Jean-Gilles Malliarakis]], [[Pierre Pujo]], [[Pierre Sidos]], and [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]], who delivered the [[eulogy]].{{sfn|Igounet|2017}}


== Works ==
== Works ==
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

; Bibliography
===Bibliography===
{{refbegin|2|indent=yes}}
{{refbegin|2|indent=yes}}
: {{Cite news|last=Beauregard|first=Joseph|last2=Lebourg|first2=Nicolas|date=15 July 2011|title=Jean-Pierre Stirbois, l'apparatchik|language=fr|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817095502/https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2011/07/15/le-monde-magazine-jean-pierre-stirbois-l-apparatchik_1549049_823448.html|website=[[Le Monde]]|author-link2=Nicolas Lebourg|issn=1950-6244}}
* {{Cite news|last1=Beauregard|first1=Joseph|last2=Lebourg|first2=Nicolas|date=15 July 2011|title=Jean-Pierre Stirbois, l'apparatchik|language=fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2011/07/15/le-monde-magazine-jean-pierre-stirbois-l-apparatchik_1549049_823448.html|website=[[Le Monde]]|author-link2=Nicolas Lebourg|issn=1950-6244|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817095502/https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2011/07/15/le-monde-magazine-jean-pierre-stirbois-l-apparatchik_1549049_823448.html|archive-date=2019-08-17}}
: {{Cite web|last=Igounet|first=Valérie|authorlink=Valérie Igounet|date=5 November 2017|title=Pour le FN, Jean-Pierre Stirbois reste un "homme exemplaire"|url=https://blog.francetvinfo.fr/derriere-le-front/2017/11/05/pour-le-fn-jean-pierre-stirbois-reste-un-homme-exemplaire.html|url-status=live||website=[[France Info]]|language=fr-FR}}
* {{Cite web|last=Igounet|first=Valérie|author-link=Valérie Igounet|date=5 November 2017|title=Pour le FN, Jean-Pierre Stirbois reste un "homme exemplaire"|url=https://blog.francetvinfo.fr/derriere-le-front/2017/11/05/pour-le-fn-jean-pierre-stirbois-reste-un-homme-exemplaire.html|website=[[France Info]]|language=fr-FR}}
: {{Cite book|last=Shields|first=James|title=The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen|date=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415097550}}
* {{Cite book|last=Shields|first=James|title=The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen|date=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415097550}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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[[Category:National Rally (France) MEPs]]
[[Category:National Rally (France) MEPs]]
[[Category:National Rally (France) politicians]]
[[Category:National Rally (France) politicians]]
[[Category:Panthéon-Assas University alumni]]
[[Category:Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University alumni]]

Latest revision as of 13:10, 3 November 2023

Jean-Pierre Stirbois
Jean-Pierre Stirbois in 1984
Member of the National Assembly
for Hauts-de-Seine
In office
1986–1988
Personal details
Born(1945-01-30)30 January 1945
Paris, France
Died5 November 1988(1988-11-05) (aged 43)
Jouars-Pontchartrain, France
Political partyNational Front
SpouseMarie-France Stirbois
Alma materPanthéon-Assas University

Jean-Pierre Stirbois (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pjɛʁ stiʁbwa]; 30 January 1945, Paris – 5 November 1988, Jouars-Pontchartrain) was a French far-right politician. Elected deputy mayor in 1983 of Dreux, a city of around 30,000 inhabitants at the time, he was one of the main architects, along with his wife Marie-France Stirbois, of the first electoral breakthrough of the National Front.

Biography[edit]

Early life and activism (1945–1976)[edit]

Born on 30 January 1945 in Paris,[1] Jean-Pierre Stirbois came from a working-class family. As a teenager, he became close to the pro-colonial paramilitary organization OAS-Métro-Jeunes.[2]

Stirbois attended the University Panthéon-Assas.[3] Aged 19 in 1964, he decided to get involved in politics, influenced by the outcomes of the Algerian War (1954–62).[4] Stirbois then joined the far-right militant group Occident and became the head of the youth wing in the national council of the "Tixier-Vignancour committees" during the 1965 presidential campaign.[3]

One of the creators of Jeune Alliance, he co-founded in 1965 the organization Mouvement Jeune Révolution (MJR). In 1969 he was nominated secretary general of the movement, and he established in 1975 the Solidarist Union ("Union solidariste") to replace the MJR.[3] Close to Aginter Press, he was condemned to a suspended one-year jail sentence after the discovery of arms and equipment for the production of explosives in his basement.[2]

Member of the FN (1977–1988)[edit]

In 1977, Sirtois and his movement joined the Front National (FN). Following the death of François Duprat the following year, he became the right-hand man of FN founding leader Jean-Marie Le Pen.[2] Part of the solidarist wing of the party and a pro-Zionist, Stirbois opposed the neo-fascist factions in the FN who accused him of secretly being a Jew.[5] Stirbois dismissed them as "cheap Nazis" ("nazillons") and eventually managed to oust them from the party leadership.[6] He supported at the same time an aggressive anti-immigrant political position,[2] coining the expression "on les renverra" ("we will make them leave") in an interview.[7]

In 1981 Stirbois became secretary-general of the FN.[2] A candidate in the 1983 municipal election in Dreux (Eure-et-Loir), he managed to obtain nearly 17% of the votes in the first round, promising to "invert the migratory flows". During the second round, the local mainstream right-wing parties Rally for the Republic (RPR) and Union for French Democracy (UDF) agreed to form an alliance with the FN. Together they won the second round with 55% of the vote and Stirbois became deputy mayor of the city.[8][9] Commonly called the "thunderclap of Dreux", the event was the first electoral breakthrough of the FN and is regarded as a cornerstone of the rise of the party.[2][10]

Stirbois was elected MEP in the 1984 European election as a FN candidate. In 1986, the introduction of proportional representation allowed him to enter the National Assembly as a deputy for the Hauts-de-Seine. The rise of Stirbois led him to become a rival of Bruno Mégret and Carl Lang in the party.[2]

Labeling himself a "national-populist",[2] the FN developed under his influence a strategy to attract left-wing voters: "those who traditionally vote left because they have always believed the left defends workers will gradually realize that the movement which best defends workers is the Front National." Between 1984 and 1986, the share of FN working class voters rose from 8 to 19%.[2]

Death[edit]

Following the defeat of Le Pen in the 1988 presidential election, he tried to convince the FN to call for a vote for Socialist candidate François Mitterrand. Stirbois then participated in the "no" campaign for the referendum in New Caledonia.[2] After having threatened France of a new OAS in a meeting in Dreux, claiming to be ready to "donate his skin in order to achieve his ideas" ("mettre sa peau au bout de ses idées"), Stirbois died in a car crash on 5 November 1988.[3]

4,000 persons attended his funeral, including Yvan Blot, Henry de Lesquen, Jean-Gilles Malliarakis, Pierre Pujo, Pierre Sidos, and Jean-Marie Le Pen, who delivered the eulogy.[3]

Works[edit]

  • Dossier immigration (with Jean-François Jalkh), National-Hebdo, 1985.
  • Tonnerre de Dreux, l'avenir nous appartient, National-Hebdo, 1988.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Cayrol, Roland; Perrineau, Pascal; Leclerc, Nathalie (1988). Le guide du pouvoir: présidentielle 88 : la défaite de politique, les fantassins de la République (in French). J.F. Doumic. p. 316. ISBN 290654521X. OCLC 644014925.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Beauregard & Lebourg 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e Igounet 2017.
  4. ^ Interview with Jean-Pierre Stirbois, L'Écho républicain de la Beauce et du Perche, 10 June 1981 : "Je milite à droite depuis l'âge de 19 ans. Ce sont les événements douloureux d'Algérie qui m'ont amené à entrer en politique."
  5. ^ Lebourg, Nicolas (October 2001). "Neo-fascisme et nationalisme-révolutionnaire. 2. Etat-Nation-Europe". Domitia (PHDN Reprint). 1.
  6. ^ Shields 2007, pp. 181, 184.
  7. ^ Courbet, Claire (17 March 2015). "Musée de l'immigration : "L'extrême-droite a franchi un palier"". Le Figaro.
  8. ^ Shields 2007, p. 195.
  9. ^ DeClair, Edward G. (1999). Politics on the Fringe: The People, Policies, and Organization of the French National Front. Duke University Press. pp. 60. ISBN 9780822321392.
  10. ^ Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony J. (1997). The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis. University of Michigan Press. p. 100. ISBN 9780472084418.

Bibliography[edit]

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