Gines: Difference between revisions
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By 1840, according to [[Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de Ultramar|Madoz's dictionary]], Gines had increased its population to about 800 inhabitants, and had a parish church, a hermitage, two primary schools, a prison, a granary, a well and a cemetery. The economy was based on the production of [[wine]], [[olive oil]], [[vinegar]] and [[Eau de vie|eau-de-vie]], with a [[Gristmill|flour mill]] and an [[oil mill]]. |
By 1840, according to [[Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de Ultramar|Madoz's dictionary]], Gines had increased its population to about 800 inhabitants, and had a parish church, a hermitage, two primary schools, a prison, a granary, a well and a cemetery. The economy was based on the production of [[wine]], [[olive oil]], [[vinegar]] and [[Eau de vie|eau-de-vie]], with a [[Gristmill|flour mill]] and an [[oil mill]]. |
||
=== Historical |
=== Historical documentation === |
||
At the parish we can find the sacramental and accounting books, which contains plenty of information. There are also booklets of population counts for the [[First Communion|First Holy Communion]] from 1740 to 1954. |
At the parish we can find the sacramental and accounting books, which contains plenty of information. There are also booklets of population counts for the [[First Communion|First Holy Communion]] from 1740 to 1954. |
||
Revision as of 22:45, 16 August 2019
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|
Gines | |
|---|---|
 Town hall | |
 Flag .svg) Coat of arms | |
  Gines  Gines  Gines | |
| Coordinates: 37°23′15″N 6°04′41″W / 37.38750°N 6.07806°W | |
| Sovereign State |  Spain |
| Autonomous community |  Andalusia Andalusia |
| Province | Seville |
| Comarca | Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla |
| Government | |
| • Body | Ayuntamiento de Gines |
| • Mayor (2019) | Romualdo Garrido Sánchez (PSOE) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 2.9 km2 (1.1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 123 m (404 ft) |
| Population (2018)[1] | |
| • Total | 13,471 |
| • Density | 4,600/km2 (12,000/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Ginense |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postcode | 41960 |
| Website | Official website |
Gines is a municipality in the south-west Spain, in the province of Seville, Andalusia. It is part of the metropolitan area of Seville. Gines has a population of 13,471 inhabitants as of 2018 and an area of 2.9 km2 (1.1 sq mi).
Geography
Gines is located on the Aljarafe plateau, at an altitude of 123 metres above sea level and about 6 km from Seville (which is almost at sea level). The municipalities closest to Gines are Bormujos, Valencina de la Concepción, Espartinas and Castilleja de la Cuesta, with which it is surrounded, forming a conurbation.
Climate
Gines has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), featuring very hot, dry summers and mild, partially wet winters.[2] Like most Mediterranean climates, Gines is drier during summers and wetter during winters. The annual average temperature is 18.0 °C (64 °F). With an average temperature of 27.0 °C (81 °F), August is the hottest month of the year, while January is the coldest one with 9.7 °C (49 °F). The annual average rainfall is 586 mm (23 in), November is the wettest month with 88 mm (3 in) of rain and July is the driest one, with an average of 1 mm (0 in).
Snowfall is virtually unknown. The last important snowfall was the 2 February 1954, albeit the 10 January 2010 some snowflakes fell down, without setting[3].
History
Ancient Gines
Gines was named Ab-Gena in the ancient times. Some small funerary ornaments from the time of the megaliths have been found, that would indicate that the inhabitants of this time professed the religion of the Sun and they known art of metal casting. We suppose that the few families that inhabited the land would lead an existence of small farmers and hunters. Later, Gines would be part of the Tartessian territory.
In Roman times, Ab-Genna was constituted as a villa. There are signs that Ab-Genna was commanded by a dismissed military, placing the villa in the vicinity of the current Hacienda del Santo Ángel, to which more dwellings were added around as the population increased[4]. Although there is no documentation about this subject, we supoose that the small Ab-Genna should have had links to Italica, being a few kilometers apart.
After the fall of the Empire, Gines was occupied by the Visigoths until the 8th century, although there is little documentary information on the subject.
Islam and Christianity
After the Muslim invasion commanded by Tariq and Mussa in 711, the whole Aljarafe was occupied by Muslim leaders. Ab-Genna was renamed al-Genne or Gines, which in Arabic means Garden of Eden. The Aljarafe was used as settlements for Yemeni and Muladi families, who where at enmity after the conquest because of the distribution of the land.
From the Almohad period (12th or 13th century), underground galleries have been found in 2017, located about 6 metres (20 ft) below the Conde de Ofalia street and measuring about 30 metres (98 ft) in length. It is thought that they were used to store grain or oil[5].
The conquest of Isbiliya by Ferdinand III in 1248 led to the expulsion of the Muslim families of Gines to the kingdom of Granada and Gines was populated by Castilian settlers who had served as cookers and confectioners in the siege of Seville.
A century after the Castilian conquest, Gines already had a Town Hall and lordship that was handed over in 1370 by King Enrique II of Trastámara to the admiral of Castile Fernán Sánchez de Tovar, who bequeathed it to his son Rodrigo Tovar upon his death. The lordship was sold in 1388 until it reached the hands of Diego López de Zúñiga, Justicia Mayor of Seville, who in 1412 ceded it as dowry to his daughter Leonor de Zúñiga.
At the end of the Middle Ages, a Mozarabic-style church had been built on the parish plot, which disappeared in the works of the 18th century.
Modern Age
In the 16th century Gines was transferred to the Guzmán family, to which it was linked until the abolition of the lordships in Spain in the 19th century. Gines, with no more than 200 inhabitants, was left outside of the swaps led by the noble families to not pay taxes to the crown of Castile.
By 1840, according to Madoz's dictionary, Gines had increased its population to about 800 inhabitants, and had a parish church, a hermitage, two primary schools, a prison, a granary, a well and a cemetery. The economy was based on the production of wine, olive oil, vinegar and eau-de-vie, with a flour mill and an oil mill.
Historical documentation
At the parish we can find the sacramental and accounting books, which contains plenty of information. There are also booklets of population counts for the First Holy Communion from 1740 to 1954.
The municipal archive has documentation available from 1880 to the present day. A good part of it is digitized. The rest of the documentation about the municipality is available in the archive of the Chancery of Granada.
Demographics
The following table shows the demographic evolution of Gines since the 16th century, based on data from the INE[6] and the 1571 census of Philip II. All data refer to the de jure population, except in 1857 and 1860, which refer to de facto population, and in 1571, which refers to families as was customary at the time. A factor of five has been used to convert them to inhabitants.
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
| 1571 | 360 | |
| 1787 | 519 | |
| 1842 | 792 | |
| 1857 | 964 | |
| 1860 | 965 | |
| 1877 | 1069 | |
| 1887 | 1013 | |
| 1897 | 1096 | |
| 1900 | 1123 | |
| 1910 | 980 | |
| 1920 | 1176 | |
| 1930 | 1481 | |
| 1940 | 1762 | |
| 1950 | 1840 | |
| 1960 | 2128 | |
| 1970 | 2902 | |
| 1981 | 4117 | |
| 1991 | 6351 | |
| 2001 | 10918 | |
| 2011 | 13254 | |
| 2018 | 13471 | |
From the 1960s, and especially the 1990s, an exponential increase in the population began, which has continued until 2010, increasing the population by six in 50 years. This increase in population has recently come to a halt due to the real estate crisis, and to the fact that the municipality is almost entirely built-up except for small scattered areas (the old La Española factory, Tabladilla area, etc.).
Government
The political administration of Gines is carried out through a democratic council whose members are elected every four years by universal suffrage. According to the provisions of the Organic Law on the General Electoral System, the Municipal Corporation is made up of 17 councillors.
The following table list the mayors since 1964.
| Legislature | Name | Party |
|---|---|---|
| 1979-1983 | José Antonio Cabrera Pérez (since 1964) | Independent |
| 1983-1987 | José Antonio Cabrera Pérez | Independent |
| 1987-1991 | Manuel Camino Míguez | Independent |
| 1991-1995 | Manuel Camino Míguez | Independent |
| 1995-1999 | Manuel Camino Míguez | Independent |
| 1999-2003 | Francisco Muñoz Quirós (1999-2002) Francisco González Cabrera (2002-2003) |
 PSOE_Logo_(2008-2015).svg){kind=logo} PP
|
| 2003-2007 | Francisco González Cabrera | PP
|
| 2007-2011 | Manuel Camino Payán | PSOE
|
| 2011-2015 | Manuel Camino Payán | PSOE
|
| 2015-2019 | Manuel Camino Payán (2015) Romualdo Garrido Sánchez (2016-2019) |
PSOE PSOE
|
| 2019- | Romualdo Garrido Sánchez (2016-2019) | PSOE
|
Economy
Gines is among the 100 municipalities, with more than 5,000 inhabitants, with the highest declared income in Spain, according to a study carried out by the Fundación de Estudios de Economía Aplicada[7]. Another study by the Spanish Tax Agency published in 2018 indicates that Gines is the eighth municipality with the highest income in Andalusia[8].
According to the Statistical Institute of Andalusia, as of 2016 in Gines there are 858 establishments with economic activity, mainly dedicated, by the number of establishments, to commerce, professional and technical activities and hospitality[9]. There is a local entrepreneurs and merchants society to look after their interests.
The Servialsa Industrial Park[10] and the Gines Plaza Shopping Park[11] are located within the municipal district. The Pétalo Business Park will be built jointly with the bordering municipalities of Bormujos and Espartinas[12].
Historically, olive production was of great importance, with the creation, especially from the 18th century onwards, of several haciendas for the production of olive oil and, from the 20th century onwards, related industries, mainly dedicated to the manufacture of barrels, packaging and logistics. The last major industry in the sector to have its headquarters in the locality was the La Española factory, known for its olives and pickles, which from 1956 to 2004 was sited in the municipality. The factory was moved to the town of Aznalcázar because it had no capacity for expansion, as it was surrounded by houses due to population growth[13].
Transport
Gines is connected to its surroundings by the Quinto Centenario motorway, the old Seville-Huelva national road and regional roads. Several lines of the Consorcio de Transportes del Área de Sevilla (Seville Metro Area Transport Consortium) pass through the town, linking it both with Seville and with other towns in the Aljarafe area[14]. Nearby is the Salteras suburban train station, which is part of the C-5 line of the Seville suburban trains. There is also a permanent taxi stand (belonging to the Aljarafe Taxi Joint Provision Area) and the TNC companies Cabify and Uber provide services in Gines.
Bus lines
Gines forms part of the Seville Area Transport Consortium, which is included in zone B[15]. With the card of the Consortium it is possible to take the buses that pass through the town and transfer to other lines of the Consortium, the Seville buses or the metro. The Consortium lines that stop go through Gines are[16]:
M-102A External Aljarafe Circular (direction A)
M-102B External Aljarafe Circular (direction B)
M-105 Salteras - Ciudad Expo Metro Station (Mairena del Aljarafe)
M-160 Seville - Gines
M-166 Seville - Sanlucar la Mayor
M-167 Seville - Villanueva del Ariscal
M-168 Sevilla - Benacazón (through Espartinas)
M-174 Sevilla - Las Pilas - La Gloria
In addition to the lines of the Consortium, the Seville - Huelva line of the company Damas has a stop in Gines.
Main sights
- Church of the Virgin of Bethlehem (Iglesia de la Virgen de Belén)
- Hermitage of Saint Rosalía (Ermita de Santa Rosalía)
- Hacienda of the Marquis of Torrenueva (Hacienda del Marqués de Torrenueva)
- Hacienda of the Holy Angel (Hacienda del Santo Ángel)
- Park Councillor Dolores Camino (Parque Concejala Dolores Camino)
Festivals and events
Winter
- Constitution Day and Paella Contest. Together with the institutional acts on the occasion of the anniversary of the Constitution, every year a multitudinous Paella Contest is held, in which hundreds of people gather in the Juan de Dios Soto Walk to taste this dish.
- Medieval and Christmas Market. In December, the Juan de Dios Soto Walk, the Real Street and the Spain Square travels back in time to the Middle Ages (5th to 15th centuries), offering visitors craft stalls, thematic exhibitions of the era, music and parades.
- Christmas Carols Contest. Held on days close to Christmas, this contest organized by the City Council. The most outstanding groups of bell ringers in the province and even from other parts of Andalusia and Extremadura take part in it.
- Rooster's Mass. Tradition maintained since ancient times. It is interesting for the performances of traditional Christmas carol choirs and the discovery of the Child Jesus, celebrated in the Church of the Virgin of Bethlehem at midnight.
- Cavalcade of Magi. It takes place on the eve of the Epiphany. Organized by the Association of Friends of the Three Wise Men, it derives from the primitive parades organized in the seventies. About ten carriages parade. The adoration of the Child Jesus takes place in the Plaza de España.
- Candelaria Procession. February. Religious procession and presentation of newborns in the parish. Commemoration of the presentation of the Child in the church on the first Sunday in February. The Virgin of Bethlehem, local patron saint, processions through the town.
- Carnival. The competition of satirical groups of performers has become in recent years one of the most important in the province, so from 2012 it was decided to introduce a preliminary elimination phase, in addition to holding the competition entirely in the House of Culture "El Tronío". The parades of costumes and carriages flood the town with color and fantasy for everyone.
- Burial of the Sardine. This celebration was incorporated in 2008 to the festive calendar of the locality as end to the Carnival. It begins with a parade through the streets of the municipality with the great deceased sardine. The procession then arrives at the Park of the Culture, where the proclamation and various performances by carnival groups take place. The day ends with the burning of the sardine.
References
- ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
- ^ M. Kottek; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006). "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated". Meteorol. Z. 15 (3): 259–263. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
- ^ "Volvió a nevar sobre Gines 56 años después". www.sevillapress.com. Retrieved 2019-08-11.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ Catálogo de Bienes y Espacios Protegidos. http://transparencia.gines.es/export/sites/gines/es/transparencia/.galleries/IND-50-/5-CATALOGO-DE-BIENES-Y-ESPACIOS-PROTEGIDOS.pdf: Ayuntamiento de Gines. 2013.
{{cite book}}: External link in|location= - ^ "Entrevista al espeleólogo Genaro Álvarez sobre los túneles hallados en la Plaza de España". Ayuntamiento de Gines (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2019-08-11.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ "INEbase. Alterations to the municipalities". www.ine.es. Retrieved 2019-08-11.
- ^ "El ranking de los municipios más ricos y más pobres de España". La Vanguardia (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2019-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ "El Aljarafe concentra a ocho de los municipios más ricos de Andalucía". Diario de Sevilla (in European Spanish). 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2019-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ "Instituto de Estadística y Cartografía de Andalucía. SIMA - Gines (Sevilla)". www.juntadeandalucia.es (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2019-08-15.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ "Polígono Industrial Servialsa". www.prodetur.es (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2019-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ "Parque comercial y ocio en Sevilla". Gines Plaza (in Spanish). Retrieved 2019-08-14.
- ^ "Las primeras empresas podrían abrir en El Pétalo antes de dos años". Diario de Sevilla (in European Spanish). 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2019-08-14.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ "El 'banco malo' intenta dar salida al suelo que dejó libre La Española". Diario de Sevilla (in European Spanish). 2015-04-15. Retrieved 2019-08-15.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ "Cómo llegar". www.ayuntamientodegines.es (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2019-08-16.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ "Consorcio de Transportes de Andalucía". www.ctas.es (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2019-08-16.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ Mapa de Transporte Público del Área Metropolitana de Sevilla (in European Spanish). Consorcio de Transportes Metropolitano del Área de Sevilla. 2018.
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