Mairena del Alcor
| Mairena del Alcor municipality | |||
|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) The Castillo de Luna in Mairena del Alcor
|
|||
| coat of arms | Map of Spain | ||
.svg)
|
|
||
| Basic data | |||
| Autonomous Community : | Andalusia | ||
| Province : | Seville | ||
| Comarca : | Campiña de Carmona | ||
| Coordinates | 37 ° 22 ′ N , 5 ° 45 ′ W | ||
| Height : | 135 msnm | ||
| Area : | 69.72 km² | ||
| Residents : | 23,550 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 337.78 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Postal code : | 41510 | ||
| Municipality number ( INE ): | 41058 | ||
| Nearest airport : | Seville | ||
| administration | |||
| Official language : | Castilian | ||
| Mayor : | Juan Manuel López Domínguez ( PP ) | ||
| Address of the municipal administration: | Plaza de Antonio Mairena, 1st floor | ||
| Website : | www.mairenadelalcor.org | ||
Mairena del Alcor is a Spanish municipality in the Andalusian province of Seville .
Geographical location
The place is about 20 kilometers east of the provincial capital Seville . Together with the neighboring communities of Carmona , El Viso del Alcor and Alcalá de Guadaíra, it lies on a gently sloping plateau called Los Alcores in the Guadalquivir plain . The center is located in the north of the municipality. Other settlements in the municipality include El Torreón, Molino Romano, Cerro de los Camellos, El Campillo and La Hijuelilla.
In the south there is a large, fertile area of land called La Vega . Grains, pulses and olives are grown there. A stream called Salado crosses this area. The stream usually falls dry, but often overflows its banks when it rains. But it is 4 km from Mairena del Alcor, so there is no danger for the place.
coat of arms
The city's coat of arms is a modification of the coat of arms of the Arcos family. It is divided in two vertically and on the left (from the point of view of the shield wearer) again divided. At the top left are the Stripes of Aragón , including the Lion of León . On the right, St. Bartholomew with the attributes of his martyrdom. Around the whole thing on blue there are eight small black and silver cauldrons. Actually they are small shields in memory of eight armies that the House of Ponce de León raised against the Moors. The crown of rank represents the old Castilian royal crown of Ferdinand III. dar, in memory of the Reconquista .
The current official coat of arms is a modification of the traditional coat of arms, in which a lily served as the crown of rank instead of the royal crown and the cauldron-like figures actually looked more like shields. The arrangement of the bars and the lions was reversed and the baroque decoration with laurel and oak branches was missing.
history
Early history and antiquity
Archaeological finds prove the permanent settlement of the area since the end of the Paleolithic . Later, in the Neolithic Age , small settlements were established to take advantage of the plains' agricultural wealth. Many remains from the beginning of the Bronze Age have also been found, for example large megalithic tombs and remains of bell-shaped ceramic vessels. The most important archaeological remains are evidence of hut settlements from the Bronze Age, around 2000 BC, which used the natural springs on the slopes of Los Alcores .
The Andrés Morales treasure found in Mairena , consisting of gold jewels with rich oriental decoration, testifies to the Tartessian civilization in the first millennium. The influence of the Phoenician and Greek colonization peoples can be seen in the development of agriculture and metal trade, ceramics and grave goods. From the 6th century BC The Turdetan civilization developed the agricultural use of the fertile plains and the trade with Greeks and Carthaginians . A sculpture of Silenus is an example of contact with the Eastern peoples. This bust was found in Las Peñuelas, on the road to Luchena , and is now on display in the town hall building.
In Roman times, various villas, farms and rural buildings were built in the area. One of these villas was Mariana , after the name of its owner Marius, later pronounced Mairana and by the Arabs Mairena. Another was Luciana from her owner Lucius, who was then pronounced Luchana and in Arabic Luchena. Both these and other villas remained inhabited during the Visigothic and Muslim periods . The baptismal font in the fountain of the community center dates from the Visigothic period.
middle Ages
During the Muslim period, a watchtower was built over Los Alcores , believed to be part of the surveillance, defense and communication network in the area. In the campaign of 1246 Mairena fell to the Castilian power under Ferdinand III. The tower and the village of Luchena were donated to the Order of Calatrava for their participation in the siege of Seville.
In return for services that Pedro Ponce de León el Viejo was supposed to provide during the siege of Algeciras , the latter received from King Alfonso XI on November 20, 1342 . of Castile rule over Mairena del Alcor. The siege of Algeciras lasted until 1344. In the following year, on August 17, 1345, Alfonso XI. the rights attached to Mairena.
From this handover to Pedro Ponce de León until the final abolition of feudal rule, the municipality of Mairena del Alcor belonged to the Arcos family. Around the castle, the central part of which was built in the middle of the 14th century, the population was concentrated in a small village.
In 1441 King John II of Castile granted the Lord of Arcos the right to organize the Mairena market. Around 1470, Rodrigo Ponce de León, Marquis of Cádiz , expanded Mairena Castle by building the outer walls, the moat and the fire-extinguishing wells. The arch that belonged to the gate that closed the district behind the castle dates from this time. In the late Middle Ages, Mairena was an agricultural community producing wheat, oil, fruits, and vegetables for the capital, Seville. In the 15th century Mairena had around 500 inhabitants. They lived between what is now Calle Real and Calle Ancha. The parish church, the chapel of San Sebastián and the Casa Palacio were built in the Mudéjar style in this old town center .
Renaissance and Baroque
By the end of the 16th century, the population grew to 1,400 as a result of the discovery of America. The production of olive oil and grain increased and livestock breeding became more important. The horses of Mairena in particular became known and sought after. In the 17th century, epidemics hit the inhabitants and the population shrank to around 1,000. By the end of the 18th century the population grew to 2,700 thanks to the intensification of agriculture and trade, combined with an expansion of the market and the construction of four flour mills.
Younger story
In the course of the Napoleonic occupation , the French army established a supply base in Mairena in 1810. In the 19th century, the city grew due to the increase in the birth rate. Mairena Church lost its property, rental and lease income during the dissolution process of 1836. Several religious brotherhoods lost their lands and disappeared, and the Duke of Osuna became the owner of the largest manors in the city after the judgment of the Alcalá del Río court . In the second half of the 19th century the cultivation of oranges, which were exported at great profit, expanded. The connection to the railway facilitated the export of Mairena's products.
At the end of the 19th century, the English archaeologist George Bonsor carried out excavations in Los Alcores. In 1902 he bought the castle and turned it into his private residence. There he installed the archaeological collection that arose from his excavations.
In the first third of the 20th century, public facilities such as schools and cemeteries were built. The streets were paved, the town hall was modernized, and the first industrial processing factory was built. The development of Seville enables residents to get into the construction industry and supply corduroy, olive oil and fruit to Seville. During the Spanish Civil War , some religious images were destroyed, such as the painting Cristo de la Cárcel (Christ in Dungeon), various possessions and images of brotherhoods and some altars of the churches. The shortage years of the Franco era were bridged in Mairena with hard - earned income from agriculture.
In the 60s and 70s the municipality developed until it became part of the Seville agglomeration . Factories that process agricultural products, bakeries, carpentry and metal factories and workshops for the construction industry emerged. Farm work was modernized using tractors and machines. The old cattle fair turned into a fair. The first students from Mairena qualified at universities. In recent times the city has relied on a growing and diversified service sector, on trade, hotel and catering, freight transport, wood and metal processing.
Population development
traffic
Mairena is connected to the nearby A92 and A4 motorways and to the city of Seville via a network of country roads. 8 km south-southeast of the city is a sports airport, the Aerodromo de los Alcores . The previous rail connection from Carmona via Mairena to Seville no longer exists.
education
Primary schools
- CEIP Isabel Esquivel, called El Castillo
- CEIP San Bartolomé, called La Barriada
- CEIP Manuel Romero Arregui, called La Academia
- CEIP Antonio González, called El Patriarca
- CEIP Huerta Retiro
- CEIP Juan Caraballo, known as El poli
- CEIP Isabel Rodríguez Navarro, known as El Prior
Secondary schools
- IES María Inmaculada, called El Chorrillo
- IES Los Alcores
Culture
Buildings and monuments
Churches
- Parish Church of Santa María de la Asunción , 15th century
- Chapel of Cristo de la Cárcel
- Ermita San Sebastián with the main altar of the city patroness Nuestra Señora de los Remedios Coronada
- María Inmaculada Church in the La Barriada district .
- Ermita de Santa Lucía ruins . Only a few remains of the wall have been preserved from the medieval clay building. The foundations made of stone blocks are of Roman origin. The base seems to have been a Roman castellum aquae , a cistern. Terra Sigillata , Hispanic ceramics, ashlar stones and brick remains from a Roman villa have been found nearby . This chapel was demolished by a landowner whose property is adjacent.
Other
- Castillo de Luna , restored and converted into a residence by archaeologist George Bonsor.
- Mudejar style palacio of the Dukes of Arcos, 15th century.
- Flour mills.
- Monumento a los Verdeadores (Monument to the Olive Pickers ).
- Monumento a la Cultura in Plaza Antonio Mairena.
- Monumento a Cervantes on Calle Cervantes.
- Monumento al Cante Jondo , also on Calle Cervantes.
- Mausoleum of Antonio Mairena in the San José Cemetery .
- Lavaderos de la Atajea public laundry from the first years of the 20th century.
- Villa del Conocimiento y de las Artes (VICA) cultural and event center .
- Fuente de Alconchel fountain .
- Fuente del Recinto Ferial fountain .
- Monumento a la Mujer Andaluza , monument to the Andalusian woman in Avenida de Andalucía.
- Monument of the old market Monumento a la Feria de Mairena.
- El Torreón telegraph tower, built in the mid-19th century by the Ministry of the Interior. He was part of the Andalusian telegraph line to send messages from the minister to the civil governors of Seville and Cadiz. He had line of sight to the towers of Carmona and the tower in Dos Hermanas.
Festivals
Feria de April
The April Fair has been classified as an Event of National Tourist Interest.
The Arco triunfal , the triumphal arch of the fair of Mairena del Alcor, is a neo-baroque monument by local artist José Manuel Peña, inaugurated in 2007. 100,000 light bulbs and 40,000 lanterns in blue and orange, the colors of the city flag, give the festival light and color. The music is performed by the town band. The program includes Sevillanas and the hymns of Andalusia and Spain. The population is growing fivefold. A large number of civilian helpers, firefighters, police and Guardia Civil take care of security.
The Mairena Fair of 1441 was originally a cattle fair. Over time it became a recreational event. Writers and artists such as Estébanez Calderón , Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer , Valeriano Bécquer and Francisco Lamayer made the Feria the theme of their works.
Places of celebration used to be the Calle Mesones, now Calle San Fernando, and the market promenade in front of the Ermita San Sebastián , which includes the entire current Paseo de la Feria and the Barriada. Since 1982 it has taken place in the 11,000 m² Alcalde Antonio Delgado exhibition center on the outskirts of the city.
More festivals
- Carnival (February)
- Procession of Santísimo Cristo de la Cárcel (Most Holy Christ in prison; March 11-18)
- Semana Santa
- Virgen de los Reyes procession ( Virgin of the Magi, August 15)
- Procession San Bartolomé (August 24th)
- Flamenco singing festival Festival de Cante Jondo Antonio Mairena , classified as an event of tourist interest (first Saturday of September)
- Procession Nuestra Señora de los Remedios Coronada (September 8th)
- Romería Nuestra Señora de los Remedios (Last Sunday in September)
Sports
Numerous clubs in Mairena are dedicated to the sport, including:
- CD Mairena in the Primera División Andaluza football league .
- La Barrera CF in the same league.
The municipal sports hall Pabellón Miguel Ángel Gómez Campuzano opened a year before the Spanish Olympic participant died in an accident.
Personalities
- Andrés Antonio Almonaster y Rojas , politician and notary
- Antonio Mairena (1909-1983), flamenco singer
- Miguel Ángel Gómez Campuzano (1968–1993), athlete and Olympic participant
- Eva González , model and Miss España 2003
- Jozabed Sánchez Ruiz (* 1991), football player
References and comments
- ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
- ^ J. Pascual Barea: Comentario a los dáctilos de un fragmento epigráfico de la Mesa de Gandul (Irippo) y su contexto geográfico e histórico . In: Universidad de Sevilla (ed.): Ex officina: Literatura epigráfica en verso . Seville 2013, p. 330 (Spanish).
- ↑ Manuel García Fernández: Regesto documental andaluz de Alfonso XI (1312-1350) . In: Universidad de Sevilla: Departamento de Historia Medieval y Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas (ed.): Historia, Instituciones, Documentos . tape 15 , 1988, ISSN 0210-7716 , pp. 81, 94 (Spanish).
- ^ Spanish Colegio de Educación Infantil y Primaria = School for early education and primary education
- ^ Spanish Instituto de Educación Secundaria = Institute for Secondary Education
- ↑ Our helpful, crowned lady
- ↑ Monumento a los Verdeadores. In: minube.com. Retrieved June 5, 2019 (Spanish).
- ↑ SP: La recuperación del primer molino y lavaderos de la Atarjea de Mairena, impulsados with the 1.5% cultural. In: ABC . March 15, 2019, Retrieved June 5, 2019 (Spanish).
- ^ José Manuel Navarro Domínguez: Historia de la Feria de Mairena. In: mayrena.com. Retrieved June 5, 2019 (Spanish).
- ↑ Miguel Angel Gómez Campuzano. In: mayrena.com. Retrieved June 6, 2019 (Spanish).
literature
- Manuel García Fernández: Regesto documental andaluz de Alfonso XI (1312-1350) . In: Universidad de Sevilla: Departamento de Historia Medieval y Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas (ed.): Historia, instituciones, documentos . 1988, ISSN 0210-7716 (Spanish).
- Tomás de Herrera: Historia del convento de San Agustín de Salamanca . Gregorio Rodríguez, Madrid 1652, OCLC 433810244 (Spanish, google.es [accessed June 6, 2019]).
- Francisco Ruano, Joannes Ribadas: Casa de Cabrera en Córdoba . Oficina de Don Juan Rodríguez, Córdoba 1779, OCLC 793127459 (Spanish, google.es [accessed June 6, 2019]).
- Sánchez Ruiz, Carlos: La telegrafía óptica en Andalucía . Consejería de Obras Públicas y Transportes, Seville 2006 (Spanish).
