2008 Canadian federal election

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Canadian federal election, 2008
← 2006 October 14, 2008 TBD →
308 seats in the 40th Canadian Parliament
  File:Stephen Harper (Official Photo).jpg File:Stephane dion rally head.jpg
Leader Stephen Harper Stéphane Dion Gilles Duceppe
Party Conservative Liberal BQ
Leader since 2004 2006 1997
Leader's seat Calgary Southwest Saint-Laurent—Cartierville Laurier—Sainte-Marie
Last election 124 (127 at dissolution) 103 (95 at dissolution) 51 (48 at dissolution)
  File:LaytonPortrait.jpg
Leader Jack Layton Elizabeth May
Party New Democratic Party Green
Leader since 2003 2006
Leader's seat Toronto—Danforth running in Central Nova
Last election 29 (30 at dissolution) 0 (1 at dissolution)
Incumbent PM

Stephen Harper
Conservative



The 2008 Canadian federal election (more formally, the 40th Canadian General Election) is scheduled to be held October 14, 2008, to elect members to the Canadian House of Commons of the 40th Canadian Parliament. The previous parliament was dissolved by the Governor General on September 7, 2008.

The election call resulted in the cancellation of four federal by-elections that had been scheduled to occur in September.[1]

Background

See also: Fixed election dates in Canada

In 2007, Parliament passed a law fixing federal election dates every four years and scheduling the next election date as October 19, 2009, but the law does not (and constitutionally cannot) limit the powers of the Governor General to dissolve Parliament at any time, such as when opposition parties bring down the government on a vote of confidence.

2006 election

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More than 65% of all eligible voters cast ballots in the 2006 federal election. The Conservative Party received the most votes, with 36% of the vote and 124 seats (127 at dissolution). The Liberal Party lowered its total number of seats won to 103 seats (96 at dissolution), taking 30% of the vote. The Bloc Québécois lost three seats, lowering its total to 51 seats (48 at dissolution), with 10.5% of the vote. The New Democratic Party (NDP) retained its seats held at the dissolution of Parliament, and won 11 more, making its total 29 seats (30 at dissolution), with 17.5% of the vote. The Green Party received 4.5% of the vote, a minimal increase from the previous election, but did not win any seats (1 at dissolution). Independents and other parties constituted 1% of the total vote with one independent winning a seat.

Events since the 2006 election

Since the 2006 election, seven Members of Parliament (MPs) have changed party: David Emerson, Wajid Khan and Joe Comuzzi from Liberal to Conservative; Garth Turner from Conservative to Liberal; Blair Wilson from Liberal to Green; Louise Thibault from Bloc Québécois to Independent; and Bill Casey from Conservative to Independent. In by-elections, the NDP gained one seat from the Liberal Party, while the Conservative Party gained two seats, one from the Liberals and one from Bloc Québécois. Four seats were vacant when the election was called: Three previously held by the Liberal Party, one by Bloc Québécois.

The parliament preceding this election is led by the smallest minority ever in the Canadian House of Commons — a government with just 40.6% of the seats — and led by the Conservative Party of Canada. Although the average length of a minority parliament in Canada is 1 year, 5 months, and 22 days, minorities led by the former Progressive Conservative Party tended to be much shorter: the longest previous Conservative minority was just 6 months and 19 days.[2] The 39th Parliament became Canada's longest serving Conservative minority on October 24, 2006.

On May 30, 2006, the Conservatives tabled Bill C-16 which would amend the Canada Elections Act which would provide for fixed election dates. The bill received royal assent on May 3, 2007. The bill states that there will be an election in 2009, and it would be the first to have a fixed election date, the third Monday in October (October 19, 2009). However, despite the bill, on September 7, 2008, the Prime Minister sought the dissolution of the 39th Parliament, and the Governor General agreed to hold a general election on October 14, 2008.

It was rumoured by political pundits that Harper would like to have had an election in early 2007 in hopes of attaining a majority of the Commons seats. However, it was also speculated that he would hold off calling an election until after Quebec held its provincial election, so as to measure the strength of federalist feelings in that province.

On February 15, 2007, The Globe and Mail reported that the Conservatives were preparing for an election expected to be called shortly after the 2007 budget, due on March 19, 2007. Part of the reason for the timing of the election was given as strengthening Conservative poll numbers coupled with the desire to take advantage of the perception that Harper has "better leadership qualities than Liberal counterpart Stéphane Dion".[3]

On March 17, 2007, an internal Conservative Party memo was leaked to The Canadian Press, telling members that they "need to be ready to campaign within the next week". The memo asked members to donate $75 to $150 to help to fund the early stages of the election campaign. None of these predictions for a federal election to occur in 2007 proved true, but the majority of pundits still believed a federal election would be triggered before the fixed election date of October 19, 2009, for sometime in 2008.

Stephen Harper hinted at the possibility of dissolving parliament on August 14, 2008. Speaking in Newfoundland and Labrador, he cited Stéphane Dion as the main player in making Parliament become increasingly "dysfunctional". "I’m going to have to make a judgment in the next little while as to whether or not this Parliament can function productively," Harper said. This came after repeated confidence votes that resulted in the NDP and Bloc parties not voting in favour of the government, and the Liberal Party voting in favour or not attending the vote. Rumours of a possible fall election were further fuelled by Harper's announcement of a fourth federal by-election for September 22 in the Toronto riding of Don Valley West.[4][5]

On August 27, 2008. Harper asked Governor General Michaëlle Jean to cancel her trip to the Paralympic Games in Beijing, adding fuel to speculation that the Prime Minister will seek a dissolution. On September 7, 2008 after much speculation, Harper asked the Governor General to call a federal election on October 14, 2008.

Timeline

Main article: Canadian federal election, 2008 timeline

Pre-election

Prime Minister Stephen Harper said he was considering calling an election because of no cooperation in Parliament, saying "all the signs indicate that this Parliament is at the end of its productiveness," while in Inuvik, Northwest Territories. The Conservative Party of Canada fueled rumors of an oncoming election when it released several campaign adverts that focused on a range of issues, and attacked the Liberal Party of Canada for their proposed carbon tax. The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) confirmed that Harper would call an election for October 14 after meeting with New Democratic Party leader Jack Layton and Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe, which gave the Prime Minister little hope that a fall session of Parliament can be productive, PMO officials said[6]. Senior government officials announced on the first of September that Stephen Harper would ask the Governor General Michaëlle Jean to dissolve parliament and call an election for October 14, after he met with Liberal leader Stéphane Dion who called the meeting a "charade". Dion said the two were unable to agree on how to make the upcoming session of Parliament, slated to begin September 15, more productive.

Liberal Party members gathered in Winnipeg on September 2, for a three day caucus meeting which changed from preparing for a new parliamentary session to a strategy session to formulate a plan to attack the Conservatives while healing internal party rifts that have surfaced in recent weeks. Conservatives began spending at least $60 million dollars on pre-election funding projects to a wide variety of institutions and groups. A few announcements have been big, including Industry Minister Jim Prentice's pledge of $25 million for the expansion of the Northlands exhibition facility in Edmonton. But the Tories have also announced a number of smaller projects, including $40,000 for the 2008 55+ Games and $25,000 for the Peace Window of the Holy Trinity Anglican Church in Winnipeg. The announcements have also been spread out across the country. The Atlantic region is to get more than $500,000 for youth jobs and eight cultural organizations. The Association of Book Publishers of British Columbia will receive $81,000. Jack Layton attacked the Conservative Party for bribing the public and for doing the same thing they used to complain about the Liberals doing before elections.

A survey conducted by Environics found that 38 per cent of Canadians would vote for the Conservative party if an election were held immediately, 28 per cent would vote for the Liberal party, 19 for the NDP, eight for the Bloc Québécois and seven for the Green party. The poll shows Conservatives taking early leads in Ontario, British Columbia and the Prairies. In Atlantic Canada, Liberals still hold a strong majority, while in Quebec the Bloc Québécois leads while the Conservatives and Liberals are almost tied for second. When asked, most Canadians said the Conservatives would handle the economy better, while most said the Liberals would handle the environment better.

On September 7, Harper officially asked for the dissolution of Parliament, and called for an election on October 14.

Election

The 40th Canadian Federal Election campaign officially began at 8:20 am Eastern Daylight Time when Governor General Michaëlle Jean accepted Stephen Harper's request to dissolve Parliament and call an election for October 14, 2008. The party leaders jumped right into the campaign, with Stéphane Dion attacking the Conservative's record, and rejected the accusation by Harper that the Liberal party is a risky choice. Jack Layton took a more forceful approach than previous elections, in which the New Democratic Party has just tried to maintain a high number of seats in Parliament to influence government. Layton has made it clear he will campaign for the position of prime minister itself this time, but also returned to a longstanding NDP theme: alleged abuses by big business. He promised to stop what he called "ripoffs" by big oil, cellphone and banks, and his attacks are expected to focus on the Conservatives and all but ignore the Liberals. Elizabeth May of the Green Party said Canadians would care enough about the environment to vote for her party, as long as she was able to get into the television debates. Stephen Harper has stated his objection to including the Green Party into television debates because of the similar policies of the Green and Liberal party, and how it would be unfair. Bloc Quebecois Leader Gilles Duceppe said the Conservatives must be prevented from winning a majority, and the BQ is the only party that can do that. Duceppe compared Harper to US President George W. Bush, and said the government is incompetent.

Leaders' Debates

The two Leaders' Debates of 2008, one each in French and English, are currently set to include the leaders of five parties, Stephen Harper of the Conservatives, Stéphane Dion of the Liberals, Jack Layton of the NDP, Gilles Duceppe of the Bloc Québécois and Elizabeth May of the Green Party.

The French language debate is scheduled for Wednesday, October 1 from 8 to 10 pm EDT, moderated by Stéphan Bureau, a journalist and host. The English language debate will be on Thursday, October 2 from 9 to 11 pm EDT. The moderator will be Steve Paikin of TVOntario.

Participation

Three parties — the Conservatives, the Bloc Québécois and the NDP — opposed the inclusion of the Green Party, citing statements made by Green Party leader Elizabeth May to the effect that the best outcome of the election would be a Liberal-led government, and a deal struck between the Green Party and Liberals where the Liberals would not run in May's riding, Central Nova, and the Green party in Liberal leader Stéphane Dion's riding, Saint-Laurent—Cartierville, which they say make May a "second Liberal candidate".[7]

Stephen Harper and Jack Layton are reported to have said that if the Green Party were included, they would not participate in the Leaders' Debates. Dion said that while he supports May's inclusion, he would not attend if Harper does not, and the Bloc Québécois has stated it will not boycott the debates if May is included.[8] The media consortium in charge of the debate, made up of the CBC, CTV, Global Television and TVA, had decided that it would prefer to broadcast the debates with the four major party leaders, rather than risk not at all or with minimal participation. The Green Party indicated they had begun procedures to lodge a formal complaint with the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission,[9][10] as they have in past federal elections.

On September 10, Harper and Layton released statements that they would not oppose May's inclusion in the debate, citing public backlash and protests — with neither acknowledging making the threat of boycotting the debate — and that the media consortium would reconvene to discuss the matter. Layton stated that "debating about the debate" had become a "distraction", and that he had only one condition, that Stephen Harper be there. In response, spokesmen for Stephen Harper announced they would not stand alone in opposition to the Green Party's inclusion in the debates and also changed their position on the matter.[11] Later that day the consortium announced that May would be allowed to participate in the debate.[12]

Results

Template:Canadian federal election, 2008

Target seats

The following is a list of ridings which were narrowly lost by the indicated party. For instance, under the Liberal column are the 15 seats in which they came closest to winning but did not. Listed is the name of the riding, followed by the party which was victorious (in parentheses) and the margin, in terms of percentage of the vote, by which the party lost.

These ridings are likely to be targeted by the specified party because the party lost them by a very slim margin in the 2006 election.

Up to 15 are shown, with a maximum margin of victory of 15%.

* Indicates incumbent not running again. To clarify further; this is a list of federal election winners with their party in parentheses, and their margin as a percentage of the vote over the party whose list the seat is on (not the same as the margin of victory if the party potentially "targeting" the seat in that list did not finish second in the previous election).

Conservative Liberal
  1. Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River, SK (Lib) 0.3%*
  2. Brant, ON (Lib) 0.9%
  3. West Nova, NS (Lib) 1.1%
  4. Vancouver Island North, BC (NDP) 1.1%
  5. Oakville, ON (Lib) 1.3%
  6. West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country, BC (Lib) 1.5%
  7. Huron—Bruce, ON (Lib) 1.8%*
  8. London West, ON (Lib) 2.2%
  9. Madawaska—Restigouche, NB (Lib) 2.4%
  10. Newton—North Delta, BC (Lib) 3.6%
  11. Saint Boniface, MB (Lib) 3.6%
  12. Saint John, NB (Lib) 3.6%
  13. Mississauga South, ON (Lib) 4.1%
  14. Richmond, BC (Lib) 4.1%
  15. Random—Burin—St. George's, NL (Lib) 4.7%
  1. Parry Sound—Muskoka, ON (Con) <0.1%
  2. Winnipeg South, MB (Con) 0.3%
  3. Glengarry—Prescott—Russell, ON (Con) 0.4%
  4. Tobique—Mactaquac, NB (Con) 0.9%
  5. St. Catharines, ON (Con) 1.1%
  6. Ahuntsic, QC (BQ) 1.7%
  7. Fleetwood—Port Kells, BC (Con) 1.9%
  8. London—Fanshawe, ON (NDP) 1.9%
  9. Ottawa—Orléans, ON (Con) 2.0%
  10. Simcoe North, ON (Con) 2.0%
  11. Brossard—La Prairie, QC (BQ) 2.2%
  12. Papineau, QC (BQ) 2.2%
  13. Burnaby—Douglas, BC (NDP) 2.6%
  14. Barrie, ON (Con) 2.7%
  15. Kitchener—Conestoga, ON (Con) 2.7%
Bloc Québécois New Democratic
  1. Louis-Hébert, QC (Con) 0.4%
  2. Beauport—Limoilou, QC (Con) 1.6%
  3. Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles, QC (Con) 2.7%
  4. Hull—Aylmer, QC (Lib) 3.3%
  5. Honoré-Mercier, QC (Lib) 3.8%
  6. Pontiac, QC (Con) 5.0%
  7. Laval—Les Îles, QC (Lib) 6.1%
  8. Outremont, QC (Lib) 6.3%¹
  9. Bourassa, QC (Lib) 11.4%
  10. Jonquière—Alma, QC (Con) 12.8%
  11. Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier, QC (Ind) 13.9%
  1. Thunder Bay—Superior North, ON (Lib) 1.0%
  2. Newton—North Delta, BC (Lib) 1.6%
  3. Thunder Bay—Rainy River, ON (Lib) 1.7%
  4. Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing, ON (Lib) 3.7%
  5. Nickel Belt, ON (Lib) 4.6%*
  6. Esquimalt—Juan de Fuca, BC (Lib) 4.6%
  7. Welland, ON (Lib) 4.8%
  8. Oshawa, ON (Con) 5.2%
  9. Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge—Mission, BC (Con) 5.2%
  10. Beaches—East York, ON (Lib) 5.4%
  11. Kenora, ON (Lib) 5.7%
  12. Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar, SK (Con) 6.5%*
  13. Central Nova, NS (Con) 7.8%
  14. South Shore—St. Margaret's, NS (Con) 8.3%
  15. Fleetwood—Port Kells, BC (Con) 8.3%
Lawn signs for all the major candidates decorate an intersection during the London North Centre by-election

¹ Won by the NDP in a by-election with more than a 15% margin over the Liberals.

Cabinet ministers elected by a margin of less than 10% in 2006

  1. Tony Clement, Health and Federal Economic Initiative for Northern Ontario: 0.1% over Lib in Parry Sound—Muskoka, ON
  2. Lawrence Cannon, Transport, Infrastructure and Communities: 5.0% over BQ in Pontiac, QC
  3. Jim Flaherty, Finance: 5.7% over Lib in Whitby—Oshawa, ON
  4. Rob Nicholson, Justice: 5.9% over Lib in Niagara Falls, ON
  5. Peter MacKay, Defence and Atlantic Opportunities: 7.8% over NDP in Central Nova, NS
  6. John Baird, Environment: 9.0% over Lib in Ottawa West—Nepean, ON

Issues

Economy

Polls have suggested that the economy is the major issue, going into this election especially with the resulting high price of gas, along with rising prices of other goods and services, such as food. Experts say that Canada has just narrowly dodged a recession, although the economy is in its worst shape since 1991[13].

Environment

One of the prime issues in this election will be the environment. Shortly after the election was called, Harper was criticized for using a four-vehicle motorcade that included a van and SUV to travel the 395 m (1,296 ft) across the street from the door of 24 Sussex Drive to the door of Rideau Hall to dissolve parliament.[14] In return, the Conservatives criticized the Liberal party's decision to use a 29-year-old Boeing 737 for campaigning, saying that the older airplane's poor fuel efficiency demonstrates hypocrisy on environmental matters. Daniel Lauzon, a spokesperson for the Liberals, denied their airplane was substantially less efficient than the Conservatives' Airbus 319.[15]

The Tories have been previously criticized for backing out of Canada's commitments under the Kyoto Protocol[16]. Their new plan requires industries to reduce the rate at which they generate greenhouse gases, with a goal of reducing overal emissions by 45 to 60 percent by 2050[17]. The plan has been criticized by groups such as the Sierra Club, who called it "completely inadequate"[18]. Criticism has focused on the use of "intensity-based" targets, which means emission reductions are relative to overall production, so overall emissions could potentially increase if production also increases[17]. This is in contrast to a "hard cap" on emissions, where the overall amount cannot increase. The Conservatives' plan includes a hard cap to begin in 2020 or 2025[17], while environmental groups have advocated for an immediate hard capCite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page)..

One trucking association claimed the Liberal carbon tax plan could put up to 10,000 jobs in jeopardy in Moncton alone[19]. Environmental activist David Suzuki has come out in support of Dion's plan, saying "To oppose [the carbon tax plan], its just nonsense. It's certainly the way we got to go."[20]

The NDP's plan for the environment has focused on emissions trading, claiming their system will decrease greenhouse emissions by 80% by 2050[21]. The plan includes a series of financial incentives to retrofit public transit systems and transition the economy to be "green-collar". The plan would also halt new tar sands development until emissions have been capped[22]. Layton has also criticized the Liberal carbon tax plan, stating it taxes families instead of polluters[23].

Canadian involvement in Afghanistan

Main article: Canada's role in the invasion of Afghanistan

The ongoing involvement of the Canadian Forces in Afghanistan may also influence voters. Desmond Morton, a political science professor at McGill University suggested that the Conservatives could be blamed for the war because they have extended the mission twice, despite that it was Paul Martin, a Liberal, who initiated the mission. Both the Conservatives and Liberals agreed to extend the mission to 2011.[24]

Equalization

Danny Williams, the Progressive Conservative premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, has launched a campaign called Anything But Conservative, primarily targeted at Harper and the federal Conservatives. He fervently opposes a Conservative majority, due in part to Harper's promise during the 2006 election to modify the equalization formula to fully share offshore oil revenues with the province, which Williams says Harper has broken, and what Harper has stated he will do with a majority government.[25] Accordingly, virtually all members of the provincial PC caucus are supporting Liberal or NDP candidates in this election.

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling in the Canadian federal election, 2008

Candidates

Further information: Canadian federal election, 2008 (candidates)

By party

Incumbent MPs not running for re-election

Conservatives

Liberals

Bloc Québécois

New Democrats

References

  1. ^ "Four byelections ended after general vote called". Canadian Press. CTV Television Network. 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
  2. ^ Key Dates for each Parliament, Parliament of Canada
  3. ^ Tories prepped for March campaign, The Globe and Mail, February 15, 2007
  4. ^ "Harper hints at triggering election". CBC News. 2008-08-14. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
  5. ^ "Harper calls a 4th federal by-election, sets stage for possible fall general election". CBC News. 2008-08-17. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
  6. ^ Layton says no doubt there will be federal election, CBC News, March 21, 2007
  7. ^ Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (2008). "May to take battle over debate exclusion to court". Retrieved 2008-09-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ^ "Green leader blames Harper, Layton for being barred from debates". canada.com. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
  9. ^ "News Release - 2008 Leaders' Debates". CNW group. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
  10. ^ Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (2008). "Greens can't participate in leaders debates, networks rule". Retrieved 2008-09-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ^ Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (2008). "Harper, Layton willing to let Green leader debate". Retrieved 2008-09-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. ^ Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (2008). "Green leader allowed into debates, networks confirm". Retrieved 2008-09-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  13. ^ "CTV News Election 2008". Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  14. ^ "PM talks the talk but doesn't walk to Rideau Hall". CTV News. 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
  15. ^ Kuitenbrouwer, Peter (2008-09-08). "Fuel use of Liberal campaign jet under attack". The National Post. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  16. ^ Flavelle, Christopher (2008-09-12). "What's the Matter With Canada?". Slate. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  17. ^ a b c "Tory bill aimed at cutting greenhouse gases in half by 2050". 2006-10-09. Retrieved 2008-09-13. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |producer= ignored (help)
  18. ^ "Greens tops, Tories flops in Sierra Club climate-change report card". CBC News. 2008-09-05. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
  19. ^ Shipley, David (2008-09-08). "Atlantic director says Liberal proposal jeopardizes 10,000 Hub City jobs, will cost industry another $500M a year". Canadaeast News Service. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  20. ^ "Suzuki slams NDP, Tories, backs Dion's carbon tax". Canadian Press. 2008-05-18. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  21. ^ Brennan, Richard (2008-09-12). "Layton hypes green strategy". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 2008-09-13.
  22. ^ Boutet, Chris (2008-09-11). "Layton lays out NDP's environment platform". The National Post. Retrieved 2008-09-13.
  23. ^ "Layton calls Liberal carbon tax 'wrong'". Canadian Press. 2008-09-11. Retrieved 2008-09-13.
  24. ^ "Deaths in Afghanistan could hurt Tory campaign". CTV News. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  25. ^ [1]
  26. ^ Sask. MP Batters won't run again, citing depression, CBC News, September 2, 2008
  27. ^ Comuzzi won't run in upcoming election, Thunder Bay's Source, September 5, 2008
  28. ^ Veteran St. John's MP Doyle retiring from politics, CBC News, March 13, 2007
  29. ^ Emerson won't run again: sources, The Globe and Mail, September 2, 2008
  30. ^ Thirteen years long enough for MP Ken Epp, Edmonton Journal, August 18, 2006
  31. ^ Sask. Tory MP says he won't run again, CBC News, January 9, 2007
  32. ^ Alta. MP Art Hanger won't run in next election, CTV News, October 10, 2007
  33. ^ Emerson won't run again: sources, The Globe and Mail, September 2, 2008
  34. ^ MP Betty Hinton Will Not Seek Re-election, bettyhinton.ca, October 10, 2007
  35. ^ Longtime Red Deer MP won't pursue sixth term, Calgary Herald, February 8, 2008
  36. ^ Pallister to quit politics, Winnipeg Sun, January 10, 2008
  37. ^ Tory cabinet minister to step down, CanWest News Service, August 3, 2007
  38. ^ Solberg retiring from politics, The Globe and Mail, September 3, 2008
  39. ^ Thompson will leave politics, Edmonton Journal, June 19, 2007
  40. ^ Edmonton-St. Albert MP won't run again, CBC News, August 11, 2006
  41. ^ Longtime MP resigns and opens door for new election candidate, The Brampton Guardian, September 5, 2008
  42. ^ MP Ray Bonin doesn’t plan to run again, Northern Life, November 16, 2006
  43. ^ Etobicoke MP will not run in next election, CBC News, February 21, 2008
  44. ^ It’s my last term as MP, Nancy Karetak-Lindell says, Nunatsiaq News, December 22, 2006
  45. ^ Liberal MPs to step aside in Montreal, The Globe and Mail, December 13, 2006
  46. ^ Time right to retire, Liberal MP Matthews says, CBC News, April 3, 2007
  47. ^ Veteran P.E.I. MP to retire, CBC News, March 7, 2007
  48. ^ Veteran Liberal MP Andy Scott to quit politics, CTV News, March 5, 2007
  49. ^ Veteran MP to retire from politics, The London Free Press, March 7, 2007
  50. ^ Belinda Stronach to quit politics, Toronto Star, April 11, 2007
  51. ^ Outspoken Liberal MP Wappel retiring, CBC News, March 23, 2007
  52. ^ Priest MP leaves politics after pressure from Vatican, CBC News, September 3, 2008
  53. ^ a b L'ancien député progressiste-conservateur André Bachand joint les rangs du PC, Presse canadienne, September 3, 2008
  54. ^ Bloc MP St-Hilaire won't run in next federal vote, CTV News, January 14, 2008
  55. ^ NDP's Bill Blaikie won't seek re-election, CTV News, March 15]], 2007
  56. ^ Alexa McDonough retires from federal politics, CTV News, June 2]], 2008
  57. ^ NDP's Penny Priddy says she won't run again, Vancouver Sun, July 16, 2008

External links

Government links
General links
Election coverage
Opinion polls
Projections and predictions
Blogs
Party websites

Parties with representation in the House of Commons

Parties without representation in the House of Commons


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