Millennium (TV series) and Shefa-Amr: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Israel municipality
{{infobox Television |
|name=Shefa-'Amr
| show_name = Millennium
|image3= Shefamr.jpg
| image = <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Millennium logo2.jpg|250px]] -->
|imgsize=250
| caption = ''Millennium'' intertitle
|image=Shfcity.jpg
| format = [[Horror fiction|Horror]], [[Drama]]
|imagesize=
| runtime = approx. 43 minutes
|hebname={{Hebrew|שְׁפַרְעָם}}
| creator = [[Chris Carter (screenwriter)|Chris Carter]]
|arname=شفاعمرو
| starring = [[Lance Henriksen]]<br>[[Terry O'Quinn]]<br>[[Megan Gallagher]]<br>[[Klea Scott]]<br>[[Brittany Tiplady]]
|meaning=
| country = {{CAN}}<br>{{USA}}
|founded=
| network = [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]
|type=city
| first_aired = [[October 25]], [[1996]]
|typefrom=
| last_aired = [[May 21]], [[1999]]
|stdHeb=
| num_seasons = 3
|altOffSp=Shfar'am
| num_episodes = 67
|altUnoSp=
| list_episodes = List of Millennium episodes
|district=north
| related =''[[The X-Files]]''<br>''[[The Lone Gunmen (TV series)|The Lone Gunmen]]''
|population=33,500
| imdb_id = 0115270
|popyear=2006
| tv_com_id = 1172
|area_dunam=19766
|}}
|mayor= Orsan Yassin
'''''Millennium''''' is an [[United States|American]] supernatural thriller and crime drama [[television program|television series]] produced by [[Chris Carter (screenwriter)|Chris Carter]] (creator of ''[[The X-Files]]''), set during the years leading up to the dawn of the new [[millennium]]. It aired from 1996 to 1999 on the [[Fox Network]].
|pushpin_map=Israel north haifa
|pushpin_mapsize=250
|latd=32 |latm=48 |lats=20
|longd=35 |longm=10 |longs=10
|website= www.shefa-amr.com
}}
'''Shefa-'Amr''', also '''Shfar'am''' ({{lang-ar|شفاعمرو}}, {{unicode|Šafā ʻAmr}}; {{lang-he-n|שְׁפַרְעָם}}, {{unicode|Šəfarʻam}}) is a city in the [[North District of Israel|North District]] in [[Israel]]. According to the [[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]] (CBS), at the end of 2006 the city had a population of 33,500.


==Location and name==
Genre actor [[Lance Henriksen]] starred in the series as investigator Frank Black, a freelance forensic profiler and former [[FBI]] [[special agent]] with a unique ability to see the world through the eyes of serial killers and murderers. Black investigated the most horrific crimes and dealt with the mysterious [[Millennium Group]], whose power and sinister intentions become more clear throughout the series. Black's character may have been inspired by the stories of real life FBI agents and criminal profilers such as [[John E. Douglas]], the one-time head of the FBI's [[Behavioral Science Unit]]. While the series started out as a crime investigation series, it became more and more supernatural, like ''[[The X-Files]]'', with which it later had a [[crossover episode]].
Shefa-'Amr is an ancient city located in the [[North District of Israel|North District]] in [[Israel]] at the entrance to [[Galilee]]. It is located {{convert|13|km|mi}} from the Mediterranean Sea and {{convert|20|km|mi}} from each of three cities, Haifa, Acre and Nazareth, which gives its inhabitants ample opportunity for employment. The city is located on seven hills, which gives it the name "Little Rome".


The elevation of the city and its strategic location as the connection between the valleys and mountains of Galilee made it more than once the center of its district, especially in the period of Otman the son of Daher el Omar, who built his castle in it, and towers around it. If you stand in a high spot in the city you can see a great view: the bay of Haifa with the sea stretching between Haifa and Acre in the west, and in other directions the high mountains of Galilee and the valleys surrounding the city.
The series was filmed in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], though most episodes were set in or around [[Seattle, Washington]].


In the [[Roman Era]], the town was known as "Shofar Am", [[Hebrew]] for "horn of a nation". It is thought that this name is derived from that of the Jewish [[Sanhedrin]], which for a time was located in the city and was considered the nation's horn. Alternatively, the name could be based on the literary Heberw word ''shefer'' שפר, meaning "beauty" or "goodness", i.e. "the beauty of the people".
[[NBC Universal]]'s horror channel, [[Chiller (TV channel)|Chiller]], began airing ''Millennium'' weeknights at 7PM Eastern (and again at 3AM Eastern the following morning) beginning Monday, [[February 4]], [[2008]]. [https://www.nbcunetworks.com/Assets/HTMLFiles/chiller/schedules/Quarterly/Grid2008_1Q.pdf]
[http://www.chillertv.com] This is the first time the series has aired on U.S. television in close to a decade; [[FX Network|FX]] aired ''Millennium'' briefly from 2000-2001.


The Arabic story for the name that is widespread among the people of the city is different. It is said that [[Amr Ibn Al-Aas]], an [[Arab]] military commander, was sick when he came to the area, and when he drank of its water he was healed, so his soldiers started saying in [[Arabic]] "Shofiya Amr" (Amr was healed), and that was the source of the name. The spring which Omar drank from is still standing today southeast of the city. Others think that the name "Shfar-am" was changed to an Arabic form "Shefa-'Amr" in the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman period]].
In the UK beginning Monday, [[October 6]], [[2008]], [[Zone_Horror]] began airing ''Millennium'' week nights at 8PM GMT, commencing with the first three episodes back to back.
[[Image:Shfpanorama.jpg|frame|centre]]


==Origins==
==History==
{{Copyedit|date=November 2007}}
[[Image:Millennium 02.jpg|thumb|right|Frank Black (Lance Henriksen) is a criminal profiler who has a unique ability to see into the mind of serial killers]]
Archaeological research in Shefa-'Amr indicates that the area has been inhabited for centuries. It is unclear who the early inhabitants were, although they may have been [[Canaan]]ites.


Shefa-'Amr is mentioned in the Talmud as one of the cities that contained the seat of the Jewish [[Sanhedrin]]. Shfar'am was mentioned in connection with [[Jewish revolt]]s against the Romans, and Jewish graves and remains in caves dating to Roman times have been found there.
Chris Carter originally conceived ''Millennium'' as a series that would present a more mature view of the world from the perspective of a law enforcement officer than was offered in its companion series, ''The X-Files''. To this end, the character of Frank Black was to be portrayed by an actor older than [[David Duchovny]], who played [[Fox Mulder|Agent Mulder]], the protagonist of ''The X-Files''. Carter wrote the role for [[Lance Henriksen]] and pushed studio executives at 20th Century Fox to approve Henriksen's casting. Carter also pursued Henriksen personally and finally persuaded the actor to take the role of Frank Black by leaving a copy of the pilot script outside the door of his hotel room. Henriksen signed up based on the strength of the writing.


Christian churches dating to the fourth century in Shefa-'Amr attests to Christian habitation. [[Islam]] is also practiced here. Muslims used the city as one of their bases to fight the crusaders. The crusaders called the city "Sefrram" and built a fort on one of its peaks.
[[Image:Millennium 01.jpg|thumb|left|One of the apocalyptic visions of "The Frenchman" from the pilot episode]]


In the 18th century, when [[Dhaher al-Omar]] took over [[Acre, Israel|Acre]] and tried making the area independent from the Turkish sultan, he made his son governor of Shefa-'Amr. When the Turks divided the land into districts, Shefa-'Amr became the capital of its district which contained 28 cities.
Carter pitched ''Millennium'' to Fox as "''[[Seven (film)|Seven]]'' in [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]]." The setting of a dark, rain-soaked city and a world-weary detective's hunt for a religiously-inspired [[serial killer]] have clear parallels with the pilot episode. The [[television pilot|pilot]] served to introduce the Black family, consisting of Frank, wife Catherine ([[Megan Gallagher]]) and daughter Jordan ([[Brittany Tiplady]]). The family is depicted returning to Seattle where Frank was born and raised because Frank wants to protect his family from the evil with which his job as a criminal profiler with the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] brought him into daily contact. The end of the episode sees Frank receiving a series of Polaroid photographs of his wife and daughter in an envelope with no return address, setting up a stalking thread that would be resolved in the second season. It is often misconstrued that Frank is "psychic", but Chris Carter has reiterated in commentaries on the ''Millennium'' Season One DVD that Frank simply had "a gift", which Frank also stated was "a curse." The video skits that accompany Frank's insights are for illuminating the audience, not to show what Frank sees. Nonetheless, his daughter Jordan turns out to have inherited her father's "gift", suggesting that Frank's abilities are not entirely derived from the knowledge and experience he gained from his work as an FBI profiler. In the pilot, Frank has accurate flashes of a murder from simply viewing the victim's corpse zipped inside a bodybag, visions which could not possibly be attributed to a typical profiler's talent. Like Fox Mulder in ''[[The X-Files]]'' as well as Will Graham in the novel ''[[Red Dragon (novel)|Red Dragon]]'' Frank frequently "just knew".
[[Image:Shfa3amer 1910.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Shefa-'Amr in 1910]}


In 1919, when Britain ruled the area, they appointed a military governor until 1948, when Israel was founded and Shefa-'Amr became a local council.
==Characters==
[[Image:Millennium 08.jpg|thumb|right|Peter Watts ([[Terry O'Quinn]]) is Frank's assistant, mentor, friend, confidant and, eventually, bitter enemy ("The Time is Now")]][[Image:Millennium 10.jpg|thumb|right|Detective Bob Bletcher ([[Bill Smitrovich]]) from the Seattle P.D. checks on Frank's family to see if they are safe ("Gehenna")]][[Image:Millennium 04.jpg|thumb|right|Lucy Butler ([[Sarah-Jane Redmond]]), Frank Black's demonic arch-nemesis]]


Shefa-'Amr was part of the area allocated to the Jewish state by [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181]], the partition plan of November 29, 1947. It was occupied by [[Arab Liberation Army]] troops of the Nazi-trained [[Fawzi al-Qawuqji]] and conquered by Israeli forces on July 14, 1948.<ref>Herzog and Gazit, 2005, p. 79. </ref>
'''Frank Black''' ([[Lance Henriksen]]) -- A criminal profiler with an expert ability to see into the mindset of criminals. Frank has seen the worst humanity has to offer and has suffered two mental breakdowns because of it.


The Mayor of Shefa-'Amr held the chairmanship of the Committee of Arab Mayors in Israel (later the Arab Follow-Up Committee) since the inception of this committee in 1975.
'''Catherine Black''' ([[Megan Gallagher]]) -- Frank's wife. As a social worker, Catherine is no stranger to the darker side of humanity. Though she is initially supportive of her husband's work, she eventually comes to resent the Millennium Group for their secrecy. She dies after contracting a modified Marburg Virus.


==Historical sites==
'''Jordan Black''' ([[Brittany Tiplady]]) -- Frank and Catherine's daughter who has inherited her father's gift.
===The fort===
[[Image:Shf.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Fort]]
The fort is located in the middle of the city. it was built in 1760 by Dhaher el Omar, at the time the governor of the area, for the purpose of securing the entrance to Galilee. The fort was built on the remains of a Crusader fort from the Middle Ages, called "Le Seffram".


Dhaher wanted to go as high as possible with his fort because he wanted to be able to see his brother's fort in [[Safed]]. He was able to build the first two floors but when he started on the third one he stopped apparently because he had low funds and also the low security in Galilee in that time. The first floor of the fort was a big place for the horses, the second floor was where Dhaher used to live. Dhaher's fort is considered the biggest remain of the Zidans in Galilee.
'''Peter Watts''' ([[Terry O'Quinn]]) -- Initially Frank's partner and good friend. A full fledged member of the Millennium Group, Peter realizes too late that the group has spun out of control due to the demonic influence(s) of "Legion". Initially seen as one of Frank's enemies in season 3 - Frank holds the group, and by extension Peter, responsible for the death of his wife in the last episode of season 2 - it is revealed later in season 3 that he has, in fact, been protecting Frank and Jordan from the group, which now had designs on Frank's daughter as well due to the early maturity of her own "gift". He is shown murdered by the group in the series finale after giving Frank the group's file on Frank and Jordan.


===Byzantine tombs===
'''Agent Emma Hollis''' ([[Klea Scott]]) -- ''(season 3)'' Emma is a young FBI agent who becomes Frank's protege when he begins working in Virginia. She struggles to understand the criminal mind, as her sister was murdered by a man with no motive. Emma also has to deal with her father's bout with [[Alzheimer's disease]] which coerces her into cooperating with the Millennium Group.
[[Image:Bizanticaves.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Byzantine period tombs]]
The [[Byzantine]] period tombs are located in the middle of the city. They were the graves of the 5th and 6th century Christian community. The tomb entrances are decorated with sculptures of lions and [[Greek language|Greek]] inscriptions which make mention of [[Jesus]].


===Ancient synagogue===
'''Lara Means''' ([[Kristen Cloke]]) -- ''(season 2)'' A Millennium Group member who shares visions similar to Frank's, but in the forms of [[angel]]s, which are bringers of warning of imminent danger. She works with Frank on several cases. She is eventually inducted into the Millennium Group, but goes insane due to the secrets they reveal to her.
{{main|Shfaram Ancient Synagogue}}
Shefa'-Amr is home to an old synagogue on the site of an even older structure. It is recorded as being active in 1845. During the [[October 2000 events]], mayor Yassin stopped youth wanting to burn it down with his body. The synagogue was renovated in 2006.
[[Image:Shf market.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Shefa-'Amr old market]]


===The old market===
'''Dr. Cheryl Andrews''' ([[C.C.H. Pounder]]) -- The Group's brilliant medical and forensic advisor in season one. In subsequent seasons she is portrayed as either betraying or betrayed (and killed) by the Group. Her body is placed in a mass grave under a highway construction site.
The old market of Shefa-'Amr was the pounding heart of the city, stretching on a long area in the middle part of the city. The old market contained the main stores of the local inhabitants for a long period of time, it had restaurants, clothing stores, groceries, shoe makers and more.
throughout the times the old market started losing its position as the heart of the city and businesses started gradually moving out of it to other places all around Shefa-'Amr. The only place that is still opened and working until today is an old coffee shop where old men gather every day passing their times playing backgammon and drinking Arab coffee.


===The tower===
'''Lt. Robert Bletcher''' ([[Bill Smitrovich]]) -- ''(season 1)'' A homicide detective for the Seattle police. Best friend of Frank's and often enlists him to consult on cases. He is murdered by Lucy Butler and hung from a rafter in Frank's basement.
The only one of the four Towers of Shefa-'Amr still standing today, It was also built with defense in mind.
[[Image:SHBurj.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Tower]]


===St. Jacob's Church===
'''Det. Bob Giebelhouse''' ([[Stephen J. Lang]]) -- Seattle detective with a cynical view of humanity and a penchant for [[gallows humor]]. Initially Bletcher's partner, he becomes the head of Homicide in Season 2.
In the center of the city, where the Sisters of Nazareth monastery stands today, was a 4th century church called St. Jacob's Church. This church is mentioned in the notes of Christian church historians, although the church is not still standing today (the church of the monastery is where it was). Some marble columns remain, like those used to build the earliest churches.


===St. Peter and St. Paul's Church===
'''Det. Teeple''' ([[Brian Markinson]]) --''(season 1)'' Seattle detective, and Giebelhouse's relatively silent partner.
[[Image:Catholik Church.jpg|thumb|right|200px|St. Peter & St. Paul's Church]]
Is located in one of the town's peaks near the fort, it has a high bell tower and a large blue dome. The church was built by Otman, who made a promise to build it if his fort was finished successfully, so its history goes back to that of the fort. The walls of the church started to get weak so in 1904 the whole church was strengthened and improved. It remains standing today and is the main church of the Greek Catholic community of Shefa-'Amr.


===Rabbi Yehoda Ben Baba Grave===
'''Assistant Director Andy McClaren''' ([[Stephen E. Miller]]) -- ''(season 3)'' An FBI Assistant Director who worked with Frank when he was an agent. He makes contact with Frank during season 3.
Rabbi Yehoda Ben Baba was a well-known Rabbi from the 2nd century. He was captured and executed with the worst of executions by the Romans. His grave is still standing in Shefa-'Amr and many Jewish believers come to visit it.


==Demographics==
'''Special Agent Barry Baldwin''' ([[Peter Outerbridge]]) -- ''(season 3)'' An FBI agent who works on the Critical Incidents Response team. Approaches every case with a smarmy, ex-captain of the football team bravado. He is killed in an ambulance by someone he believes to be a paramedic after surviving an explosion.
Shfar'am's diverse population drawn from several different communities gives the city a relatively cosmopolitan and multi-cultural ambiance.


{{Arab citizens of Israel}}
'''Lucy Butler''' ([[Sarah-Jane Redmond]]) -- The first and most dangerous of Frank's supernatural opponents, Lucy is described as "The Devil's Liege" by a terrified serial killer. Lucy can change shape, and has superhuman strength. It is unclear whether or not Lucy Butler is just another manifestation of ''Legion''. Certainly, the demonic and elusive Lucy bears little resemblance to earlier human menaces Frank comes up against who have been said to be part of ''Legion''. What is clear is that she is a malevolent supernatural being, quite possibly the [[Devil]], or something even worse. Her appearance makes it impossible to argue that the supernatural is not part of the ''Millennium'' universe.
According to CBS, in 2001 the religious and ethnic makeup of the city was mostly [[Israeli Arab]]s (consisting of 57.3% [[Muslim]], 27.5% [[Christian]], and 14.6% [[Druze]]). See [[Population groups in Israel]].


According to CBS, in 2001 there were 14,800 males and 14,700 females. The population of the city was spread out with 45.2% 19 years of age or younger, 17.0% between 20 and 29, 21.8% between 30 and 44, 10.1% from 45 to 59, 2.1% from 60 to 64, and 3.9% 65 years of age or older. The population growth rate in 2001 was 3.2%.
'''Brian Roedecker''' ([[Allan Zinyk]]) -- ''(season 2)'' A computer specialist for the Millennium Group, Roedecker had a quirky sense of humor and was a clear fan of classic [[science fiction]] (e.g. ''[[Soylent Green]]'' and ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|2001: A Space Odyssey]]''). He is [[termination of employment|fired]] from the Group when they start to become more cultic.


Population in Shefa-'Amr over the years:
'''Doug Scaife''' ([[Trevor White]]) -- ''(season 3)'' An FBI computer specialist, Scaife appears throughout season three, becoming especially prominent during the final few episodes. This character acts as a replacement for Roedecker.
[[Image:Shfstat.png]]


==Income==
'''Mabius''' ([[Bob Wilde]]) -- ''(season 3)'' Seen working for the Millennium Group in season three in a variety of evil roles. In his final appearance it is implied that he is a manifestation of ''Legion''.
According to CBS, as of [[2000]], in the city there were 7,114 salaried workers and 872 are self-employed. The mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker in the city is [[New Israeli Shekel|ILS]] 3,836, a real change of 3.4% over the course of 2000. Salaried males have a mean monthly wage of ILS 4,543 (a real change of 5.3%) versus ILS 2,386 for females (a real change of -3.3%). The mean income for the self-employed is 5,777. There are 507 people who receive unemployment benefits and 5,315 people who receive an income guarantee.


==Education==
'''Polaroid Man''' ([[Paul Raskin (actor)|Paul Raskin]], [[Doug Hutchison]]) -- ''(season 1-2)'' Though he only actually appears in a two-part episode, the pilot episode establishes that this mysterious figure had been stalking Frank for several years, by taking Polaroids of his family. All that is known about the Polaroid Man is that he served in the military, and that he is a former Millennium Group member.
According to CBS, there are 16 schools and 7,299 students in the city. They are spread out as 10 elementary schools and 4,324 elementary school students, and 8 high schools and 2,975 high school students. 57.7% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001.


In the eastern part of the city [[mifaal hapayis]] built many educational buildings including: a public computer center, a public library, a big hall for various occasions and more.
'''Mike Atkins ''' ([[Robin Gammell]]) -- ''(season 1)'' Atkins was responsible for Frank's initial introduction to the Millennium Group. While investigating a [[doomsday cult]] in San Francisco, he is seriously injured upon stumbling into a crematory oven (episode "Gehenna"). He later became the final victim of Alistair Pepper (episode "Powers, Principalities, Thrones and Dominions").


==Culture in Shefa-'Amr==
==Synopsis==
===Music===
{{Main article|List of Millennium episodes}}
[[Image:Beit musica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Beit almusica]]
*The [http://www.beit-almusica.org/ Beit al-Musica Conservatory] - founded in [[1999]] by musician 'Aamer Nakhleh is a well know music establishment among the local art establishments. situated in the center of Shefa-'Amr it not only offers a year-round programs of music studies in various instruments but also holds lots of music ensembles, performances and concerts.
*Every year the city of Shefa-'Amr holds a big music festival called "The Fort Festival", young Arab children from all around the country come and perform one of many classic Arabic songs and at the end of the night one of them is awarded the title "Best voice of the year".
*The [[Ba'ath choir]] - was established in Shefa-'Amr by Raheeb Haddad, its a well known choir that performs tens of concerts all over the country and participates in many international art concerts.
*[[Reem Talhami]] - is a well known classic singer, participated in many concerts all over the Arab world.
*[[Tayseer Elias]] - is one of Israels best Arab musicians and violet players.


===Season one===
===Painting===
*[[Butrus Lusia]] - Probably the best artist Shefa-'Amr has ever known. Throughout his life Butrus worked on lots of art projects, but since the 60's people started asking him to paint christian icons which they contributed for the churches of shefa'Amr, today most of the icons in the churched are of his work. But perhaps his best work is the one he painted back in 1940 of St. Elia and other saints riding a fire chariot going up to the sky which he conserved until his last day.
Frank has recently resigned from the FBI and has moved with his family to [[Seattle]], hoping to get away from the horrors of his former life as a criminal profiler. However he has also joined the Millennium Group - an association of former law-enforcement professionals who are called in to consult on crimes by other law-enforcement agencies. With them he investigates various serial killings, including some that have [[supernatural]] or [[religion|religious]] connotations. He also encounters clues that the apocolypse is coming in the year 2000, including a man believed to be the [[antichrist]] by Russians, who was responsible for the [[Chernobyl]] disaster.


===Season two===
===Theaters===
[[Image:Ghurbalshf.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Al Ghurbal main building in Shefa-'Amr]]
Frank begins to see how the group has become religiously fanatic, after they begin to obsess over what they believe is the oncoming [[apocolypse]] at the year [[2000]]. They send Frank on the hunt for religious artifacts such as a piece of the [[True Cross]] and the Hand of Saint [[Sebastian]]. In gathering these, he often comes into conflict with a group known as "The Family", who are alleged to be the descendants of [[Mary Magdalene]].
The first serious theater works in Shefa-'Amr were held back in the 50's by the Christian scouts of the city, many plays were held over the years by the members of the scouts.
Later in 1954 a few of young people from the city established a new acting group that held 2 Voluntarily plays for the purpose of establishing a new scouts movement.
for the next two decades, between the late 50's and the 70's, there were no real theater movement in the city except of some high school plays. In the 70's many theaters started appearing in the city, and many plays were held by each of them. probably the most known of them are: the sons of Shefa-A'mr theater, Athar theater, house of the youth theater, Alghurbal Al Shefa-'Amry theater and Al Ufok theater. today the biggest theater in the city is the Ghurbal Establishment which is a national Arab theater.


One of the well known artist in the city is Sa'eed Salame, an actor, comedian and a pantomimist. Sa'eed established an international pantomime festival that is being held annually for the past 4 years, pantomimists from all around the world participate in the festival which is held for 3 days.
Eventually the Group splits into two opposing factions, the Owls and the Roosters. The Owls believe in a secular Millennium where mankind can be guided through the potential disasters of the year 2000 and prepare for an astronomical event that is due to occur in the 2060s. Conversely, the Roosters believe in the Biblical "[[end time]]s" foretold in the [[Book of Revelation|Revelation of St. John the Divine]]. They believe that mankind cannot avoid the destruction that is foretold at the dawn of the new Millennium. Eventually the Roosters take over, and the Owls are purged.


===Food===
Frank becomes increasingly dissasociated with the Group, as he discovers that they seek to control the destruction in 2000 through the release of a modified [[Marburg virus]] to which they have an antidote that is given only to select members. The motives of Frank's patron in the organization, Peter Watts, are called into question when it is revealed that Watts has received protection for his family from the viral contagion, but has not moved to protect Catherine and Jordan Black from the plague. Frank however, after being immunised himself manages to gain one extra vaccine for his daughter.
For food items, Shefa-'Amr is most famous for its [[mastic]]-flavored ice cream, ''bozet Shefa-'Amr'', and the Nakhleh Coffee Company, the leading coffee producer in Israel's Arab community.


==Violent incident in Shefa-'Amr==
Frank's wife dies of the Marbug virus as an outbreak occurs in the north-western [[United States]] in which 80 people die. Frank, distraught, turns against the Group and vows to expose them for what they are.
On [[August 4]], [[2005]], an [[AWOL]] [[Israeli Defense Force]] soldier, [[Eden Natan-Zada]], opened fire while aboard a bus in the city, killing four [[Israeli Arab]] citizens and wounding twenty-two others. After the shooting, Natan-Zada was overcome by nearby crowds, [[lynched]] and beaten with rocks.


According to witnesses, the bus driver was initially surprised to see a ''kippah''-wearing Jewish soldier making his way to Shefa-'Amr (an overwhelmingly Arab city) via public bus, so inquired of Natan-Zada whether he was certain he wanted to take his current route.
===Season three===
The final season shows Frank living in [[Quantico, Virginia]] and returning to profiling work at the FBI, after abandoning the Millennium Group after what they did to his wife. Frank is joined by a contrastably younger, female partner, Emma Hollis.


The four fatalities were [[Hazar Turki]] and [[Dina Turki]], two sisters in their early twenties, and two men, [[Michel Bahouth]] (the bus driver) and [[Nader Hayek]]. In the days following the attack, 40,000 [[Arabs]] attended mass funeral services in the town for all of the victims: the two sisters were buried in an Islamic cemetery, and the two men were buried in the local Christian Catholic cemetery.
The Millennium Group is shown at a distance as Frank is alienated from Peter Watts. The episode "Skull and Bones" depicts a mass grave in the path of a new freeway that contains the bodies of former members of the Group, and later, in the episode "Collateral Damage", it is revealed that the Millennium Group developed the Marbug virus, experimenting with it by using it on US soldiers in the [[Gulf War]], before using it on civilians. Later in the season, in the episode "Seven and One", the demonic entity who fans have dubbed "[[Legion (demon)|Legion]]" assumes the form of one of the Group's security men, implying that the Group has become corrupted by the very evil it was intended to fight against. Despite Frank's warnings and the evidence of her own eyes, Emma makes a commitment at a moment of personal weakness that sees her isolated from all non-Group assistance and Frank is last seen escaping from Virginia having taken Jordan from school.


==Shfaram and Israel Independence Day ==
===The X-Files : "Millennium"===
In January 2008, the Mayor of Shefa-'Amr, Ursan Yassin, met with officials of the Israeli state committee on the celebrations for the 60th anniversary of independence, and announced that Shefa-'Amr intends to take part in the celebrations. He stated:
Episode 4 of Season 7 of ''[[The X-Files]]'', entitled "[[Millennium (The X-Files)|Millennium]]", sees Lance Henriksen and Brittany Tiplady (in a cameo appearance) reprise their roles as Frank and Jordan alongside [[Fox Mulder|Mulder]] and [[Dana Scully|Scully]] in a tale of [[necromancy]] and [[zombie|zombification]] of former Millennium Group members on the cusp of 1999/2000. This episode pulled the ''Millennium'' saga to a close, though many fans have been critical of it, claiming that it lacked substance due to all the series' plots being brought to an end in just one episode.{{Fact|date=December 2007}}
''This is our country and we completely disapprove of the statements made by the Higher Monitoring Committee. I want to hold a central ceremony in Shefa-'Amr, raise all the flags and have a huge feast.


The 40,000 residents of Shefa-'Amr feel that they are a part of the State of Israel...The desire to participate in the festivities is shared by most of the residents.
===Future motion picture===
On 2 March 2008, Lance Henriksen was asked at the Scandinavian SciFi Convention about the future of ''Millennium''. He answered that based on what he had heard from Chris Carter, Carter's next project after the release of ''[[The X-Files: I Want to Believe]]'' in 2008 would indeed be the ''Millennium'' motion picture. The rumor of a film proved even more possible by a user uploaded video link from http://millennium-thisiswhoweare.net/millennium_movie_faq.php.


We will not raise our children to hate the country. This is our country and we want to live in coexistence with its Jewish
In response to the heightened interest in the character generated by Lance's comments and those of Chris Carter and Frank Spotnitz a campaign was subsequently launched within the heart of the Millennium Community with a view to returning the character to the screen. The website [http://www.backtofrankblack.com backtofrankblack.com] was created as the campaign hub to coordinate the efforts of fans and admirers in direct response to the words of the franchise's creators. On the 30th of September 2008 Frank Spotnitz displayed his support for this campaign by allowing a press release to feature as an entry in his blog.
residents.''<ref>Ynet, Feb 1, 2008</ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3501480,00.html]


==Famous residents==
==Awards==
*[[Climansus Bahouth]] - [[Patriarch]] of the Greek Catholics in the mid 19th century.
===Won===
*[[Dr. Majid Al-haj]] - a professor of human and social studies and head of the science research in Haifa University, which is the highest academic rank an Arab citizen in Israel got in the Israeli universities.
*1996 [[People's Choice Award]] for Favorite New Television Drama Series
*[[Dr. Mansur Armali]] - a well known expert in eyes medicine, currently a professor in Washington University.
*1997 Canadian Society of Cinematographers Award for Best Cinematography in a Television Series (Robert McLachlan)
*[[Emile Habibi]] - a writer and a former [[Knesset]] member, he lived in haifa but his parents came from Shefa'Amr.
*1997 [[Genesis Award]] for Outstanding Communication of Animal-Rights in Dramatic Television Series ("Broken World")
*[[Ibraheem Nimer Husain]] - Shefa'Amr's 3rd mayor, was head of the committee of Arab mayors in Israel.
*1998 Canadian Society of Cinematographers Award for Best Cinematography in a Television Series (Robert McLachlan)
*[[Mohammad Barakeh]] - [[Knesset]] member.
*1998 [[Young Artist Award]] for Best Performance in a Television Drama Series by a Young Actress ([[Brittany Tiplady]])
*[[Sheikh Saleh Khneifes]] - Was head of the Druze in Shefa'Amr and a former [[Knesset]] member.
*2000 Canadian Society of Cinematographers Award for Best Cinematography in a Television Series (Robert McLachlan, "Matryoshka")
*[[Zahi Armeli]] - Ex Football player


===Nominated===
==See also==
*[[List of Arab localities in Israel]]
*1996 People's Choice Award for Favorite New Male TV Star ([[Lance Henriksen]])
*[[Shfaram Ancient Synagogue]]
*1997-1999 [[Golden Globe Awards]] for Best Performance by an Actor in a TV Series (Lance Henriksen)
*1997 [[American Society of Cinematographers]] Award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in a Pilot (Pete Wunstorf, "Pilot")
*1997 [[Saturn Award]] for Best Genre TV Actor (Lance Henriksen)
*1997 Saturn Award for Best Genre Network TV Series
*1997-2000 Young Artist Awards for Best Performance in a Television Drama Series by a Young Actress (Brittany Tiplady)
*1998 American Society of Cinematographers Award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in a Regular Series (Robert McLachlan, "The Thin White Line")
*1998 [[Motion Picture Sound Editors]] [[Golden Reel Award (Motion Picture Sound Editors)|Golden Reel Award]] for Best Sound Editing-Television Episodic-Dialogue & ADR
*1998 Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing-Television Episodic-Effects & Foley
*1998 [[Image Award]] for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series ([[Clarence Williams III]], "Sense and Antisense")
*1998 [[Emmy Award]] for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series ([[Charles Nelson Reilly]], "Jose Chung's ''Doomsday Defense''")
*1998 Emmy Award for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series ("Owls")
*1998 Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Television Drama Series by a Guest Starring Young Actress (Lauren Diewold, "Monster")
*1999 Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing-Television Episodic-Sound Effects & Foley
*1999 [[Bram Stoker Award]] for Best Horror Screenplay ([[Darin Morgan]], "Somehow Satan Got Behind Me")
*1999 American Society of Cinematographers Award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in a Regular Series (Robert McLachlan, "Skull and Bones")
*1999 Saturn Award for Best Genre TV Actor (Lance Henriksen)
*1999 International Horror Guild Award for Best Television
*2000 American Society of Cinematographers Award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in a Regular Series (Robert McLachlan, "Matryoshka")


==Merchandise==
==Notes==
<references/>
===Books===
==References==
Several [[novel]]s based on ''Millennium'' episodes have been written:
*[http://zidansalama.jeeran.com/shafaamer/index.html Jeeran.com homepage ]
# ''The Frenchman'', by [[Elizabeth Hand]] (1.00 "Pilot")
*Herzog, Chaim and Shlomo Gazit, ''The Arab-Israeli Wars'', Vintage books, 2005.
# ''Gehenna'', by [[Lewis Gannett]] (1.01 "Gehenna")
*Ze'ev Vilnai, "Shefa-'Amr, Between the past and the present",Jerusalem 1962.
# ''Force Majeure'', by Lewis Gannett (1.12 "Force Majeure")
# ''Weeds'', by [[Victor Koman]] (1.10 "Weeds")
# ''The Wild And the Innocent'', by [[Elizabeth Massie]] (1.09 "The Wild And the Innocent")

Some titles were also released as [[audiobook]]s read by actor Bill Smitrovitch.

==DVD Releases==

[[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment|20th Century Fox]] has released all 3 seasons of ''Millennium'' on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time. On [[October 28]], [[2008]], FOX will release '''Millennium: The Complete Series''' - an 18 disc boxset featuring all 68 episodes of the series.

{| class="toc" summary="Contents"
{| border=1 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0 style="border: 1px gray solid; border-collapse: collapse"
|- bgcolor=#ececec
!
!Season
!Nr of<br>episodes
!Extra features
!Release date
|-
|bgcolor="#990000" width="10px" height="20px"|
|'''1st'''<br>''(1996-1997)''
|align="center"|22
|Commentary by Chris Carter on ''The Pilot'',<br>Commentary by director David Nutter on ''Gehenna'',<br>"Order in Chaos: Making Millennium Season One" documentary,<br>"Chasing the Dragon: A Conversation with the Academy Group": a look at real-life profilers,<br>Creating the logo and title sequence,<br>Pilot TV spots.
|[[July 20]], [[2004]]
|-
|bgcolor="#ff0000" width="10px" height="20px"|
|'''2nd'''<br>''(1997-1998)''
|align="center"|23
|Commentary on two episodes by director Thomas J. Wright and writer Michael R. Perry,<br>"The Turn of the Tide: Making of Season Two" featurette,<br>"Academy Group: Victimology" featurette.
|[[January 4]], [[2005]]
|-
|bgcolor="#003399" width="10px" height="20px"|
|'''3rd'''<br>''(1998-1999)''
|align="center"|22
|Commentary by Lance Henriksen and Klea Scott on ''The Innocents'',<br>Commentary by director Thomas J. Wright on ''Collateral Damage'',<br>Bonus episode: The X-Files season 7 episode "Millennium",<br>"End Game: Making Millennium Season 3" documentary,<br>"Between the Lines" featurette.
|[[September 6]], [[2005]]
|-
|}
|}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.shefa-amr.com Shefa-'Amr official website] {{ar icon}}
{{wikiquote}}
*[http://zidansalama.jeeran.com/shafaamer/index.html Information about Shefa-Amr] {{ar icon}}

*[http://www.foxhome.com/millennium/ Fox's ''Millennium'' website]
*[http://www.zidansalama.com/english/ International pantomime festival of Shefa-'Amr]
*[http://www.fourthhorsemanpress.com/Abyss/ The Millennial Abyss]
*[http://www.millennium-thisiswhoweare.net/ Millennium - This is who we are]
*[http://www.TIWWA.info/ This is who we are (TIWWA) - Millennium Message Board]
*[http://www.paperstreetprod.com/rogueseye/index.html The Rogue's Eye View]
*[http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/series/millennium/ ''Millennium'' books at FantasticFiction]
*[http://www.lancehenriksen.info/millenniumshow.htm Lance Henriksen Magic - Millennium]

------
{{Xfiles}}
<!--
==Work in Progress==
Still to come :

Discussion of the work of Morgan and Wong

The work of Darin Morgan

Themes and story arcs

Symbolism - [[Ouroboros]], mysticism, [[Freemasonry]]


{{North District (Israel)}}
Tensions between the secular and religious Millennium factions.
-->
{{Footer TV and Films James Wong and Glen Morgan}}


[[Category:1990s American television series]]
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages in Israel]]
[[Category:Apocalyptic fiction]]
[[Category:Arab localities in Israel]]
[[Category:Drama television series]]
[[Category:Palestinian Christian localities]]
[[Category:Fox network shows]]
[[Category:Series of books]]
[[Category:Television series by Fox Television Studios]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Virginia]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Washington]]
[[Category:Vancouver television series]]
[[Category:1996 television series debuts]]
[[Category:1999 television series endings]]
[[Category:Crime television series]]
[[Category:The X-Files]]


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[[he:שפרעם]]
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Revision as of 14:49, 11 October 2008

Template:Infobox Israel municipality Shefa-'Amr, also Shfar'am (Arabic: شفاعمرو, Šafā ʻAmr; Template:Lang-he-n, Šəfarʻam) is a city in the North District in Israel. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), at the end of 2006 the city had a population of 33,500.

Location and name

Shefa-'Amr is an ancient city located in the North District in Israel at the entrance to Galilee. It is located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from the Mediterranean Sea and 20 kilometres (12 mi) from each of three cities, Haifa, Acre and Nazareth, which gives its inhabitants ample opportunity for employment. The city is located on seven hills, which gives it the name "Little Rome".

The elevation of the city and its strategic location as the connection between the valleys and mountains of Galilee made it more than once the center of its district, especially in the period of Otman the son of Daher el Omar, who built his castle in it, and towers around it. If you stand in a high spot in the city you can see a great view: the bay of Haifa with the sea stretching between Haifa and Acre in the west, and in other directions the high mountains of Galilee and the valleys surrounding the city.

In the Roman Era, the town was known as "Shofar Am", Hebrew for "horn of a nation". It is thought that this name is derived from that of the Jewish Sanhedrin, which for a time was located in the city and was considered the nation's horn. Alternatively, the name could be based on the literary Heberw word shefer שפר, meaning "beauty" or "goodness", i.e. "the beauty of the people".

The Arabic story for the name that is widespread among the people of the city is different. It is said that Amr Ibn Al-Aas, an Arab military commander, was sick when he came to the area, and when he drank of its water he was healed, so his soldiers started saying in Arabic "Shofiya Amr" (Amr was healed), and that was the source of the name. The spring which Omar drank from is still standing today southeast of the city. Others think that the name "Shfar-am" was changed to an Arabic form "Shefa-'Amr" in the Ottoman period.

File:Shfpanorama.jpg

History

Archaeological research in Shefa-'Amr indicates that the area has been inhabited for centuries. It is unclear who the early inhabitants were, although they may have been Canaanites.

Shefa-'Amr is mentioned in the Talmud as one of the cities that contained the seat of the Jewish Sanhedrin. Shfar'am was mentioned in connection with Jewish revolts against the Romans, and Jewish graves and remains in caves dating to Roman times have been found there.

Christian churches dating to the fourth century in Shefa-'Amr attests to Christian habitation. Islam is also practiced here. Muslims used the city as one of their bases to fight the crusaders. The crusaders called the city "Sefrram" and built a fort on one of its peaks.

In the 18th century, when Dhaher al-Omar took over Acre and tried making the area independent from the Turkish sultan, he made his son governor of Shefa-'Amr. When the Turks divided the land into districts, Shefa-'Amr became the capital of its district which contained 28 cities. [[Image:Shfa3amer 1910.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Shefa-'Amr in 1910]}

In 1919, when Britain ruled the area, they appointed a military governor until 1948, when Israel was founded and Shefa-'Amr became a local council.

Shefa-'Amr was part of the area allocated to the Jewish state by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, the partition plan of November 29, 1947. It was occupied by Arab Liberation Army troops of the Nazi-trained Fawzi al-Qawuqji and conquered by Israeli forces on July 14, 1948.[1]

The Mayor of Shefa-'Amr held the chairmanship of the Committee of Arab Mayors in Israel (later the Arab Follow-Up Committee) since the inception of this committee in 1975.

Historical sites

The fort

The Fort

The fort is located in the middle of the city. it was built in 1760 by Dhaher el Omar, at the time the governor of the area, for the purpose of securing the entrance to Galilee. The fort was built on the remains of a Crusader fort from the Middle Ages, called "Le Seffram".

Dhaher wanted to go as high as possible with his fort because he wanted to be able to see his brother's fort in Safed. He was able to build the first two floors but when he started on the third one he stopped apparently because he had low funds and also the low security in Galilee in that time. The first floor of the fort was a big place for the horses, the second floor was where Dhaher used to live. Dhaher's fort is considered the biggest remain of the Zidans in Galilee.

Byzantine tombs

File:Bizanticaves.jpg
Byzantine period tombs

The Byzantine period tombs are located in the middle of the city. They were the graves of the 5th and 6th century Christian community. The tomb entrances are decorated with sculptures of lions and Greek inscriptions which make mention of Jesus.

Ancient synagogue

Main article: Shfaram Ancient Synagogue

Shefa'-Amr is home to an old synagogue on the site of an even older structure. It is recorded as being active in 1845. During the October 2000 events, mayor Yassin stopped youth wanting to burn it down with his body. The synagogue was renovated in 2006.

Shefa-'Amr old market

The old market

The old market of Shefa-'Amr was the pounding heart of the city, stretching on a long area in the middle part of the city. The old market contained the main stores of the local inhabitants for a long period of time, it had restaurants, clothing stores, groceries, shoe makers and more. throughout the times the old market started losing its position as the heart of the city and businesses started gradually moving out of it to other places all around Shefa-'Amr. The only place that is still opened and working until today is an old coffee shop where old men gather every day passing their times playing backgammon and drinking Arab coffee.

The tower

The only one of the four Towers of Shefa-'Amr still standing today, It was also built with defense in mind.

File:SHBurj.jpg
The Tower

St. Jacob's Church

In the center of the city, where the Sisters of Nazareth monastery stands today, was a 4th century church called St. Jacob's Church. This church is mentioned in the notes of Christian church historians, although the church is not still standing today (the church of the monastery is where it was). Some marble columns remain, like those used to build the earliest churches.

St. Peter and St. Paul's Church

File:Catholik Church.jpg
St. Peter & St. Paul's Church

Is located in one of the town's peaks near the fort, it has a high bell tower and a large blue dome. The church was built by Otman, who made a promise to build it if his fort was finished successfully, so its history goes back to that of the fort. The walls of the church started to get weak so in 1904 the whole church was strengthened and improved. It remains standing today and is the main church of the Greek Catholic community of Shefa-'Amr.

Rabbi Yehoda Ben Baba Grave

Rabbi Yehoda Ben Baba was a well-known Rabbi from the 2nd century. He was captured and executed with the worst of executions by the Romans. His grave is still standing in Shefa-'Amr and many Jewish believers come to visit it.

Demographics

Shfar'am's diverse population drawn from several different communities gives the city a relatively cosmopolitan and multi-cultural ambiance.

Arab citizens of Israel
Politics
Religion
Culture
Major population centers
Personalities
See also

According to CBS, in 2001 the religious and ethnic makeup of the city was mostly Israeli Arabs (consisting of 57.3% Muslim, 27.5% Christian, and 14.6% Druze). See Population groups in Israel.

According to CBS, in 2001 there were 14,800 males and 14,700 females. The population of the city was spread out with 45.2% 19 years of age or younger, 17.0% between 20 and 29, 21.8% between 30 and 44, 10.1% from 45 to 59, 2.1% from 60 to 64, and 3.9% 65 years of age or older. The population growth rate in 2001 was 3.2%.

Population in Shefa-'Amr over the years:

Income

According to CBS, as of 2000, in the city there were 7,114 salaried workers and 872 are self-employed. The mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker in the city is ILS 3,836, a real change of 3.4% over the course of 2000. Salaried males have a mean monthly wage of ILS 4,543 (a real change of 5.3%) versus ILS 2,386 for females (a real change of -3.3%). The mean income for the self-employed is 5,777. There are 507 people who receive unemployment benefits and 5,315 people who receive an income guarantee.

Education

According to CBS, there are 16 schools and 7,299 students in the city. They are spread out as 10 elementary schools and 4,324 elementary school students, and 8 high schools and 2,975 high school students. 57.7% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001.

In the eastern part of the city mifaal hapayis built many educational buildings including: a public computer center, a public library, a big hall for various occasions and more.

Culture in Shefa-'Amr

Music

Beit almusica
  • The Beit al-Musica Conservatory - founded in 1999 by musician 'Aamer Nakhleh is a well know music establishment among the local art establishments. situated in the center of Shefa-'Amr it not only offers a year-round programs of music studies in various instruments but also holds lots of music ensembles, performances and concerts.
  • Every year the city of Shefa-'Amr holds a big music festival called "The Fort Festival", young Arab children from all around the country come and perform one of many classic Arabic songs and at the end of the night one of them is awarded the title "Best voice of the year".
  • The Ba'ath choir - was established in Shefa-'Amr by Raheeb Haddad, its a well known choir that performs tens of concerts all over the country and participates in many international art concerts.
  • Reem Talhami - is a well known classic singer, participated in many concerts all over the Arab world.
  • Tayseer Elias - is one of Israels best Arab musicians and violet players.

Painting

  • Butrus Lusia - Probably the best artist Shefa-'Amr has ever known. Throughout his life Butrus worked on lots of art projects, but since the 60's people started asking him to paint christian icons which they contributed for the churches of shefa'Amr, today most of the icons in the churched are of his work. But perhaps his best work is the one he painted back in 1940 of St. Elia and other saints riding a fire chariot going up to the sky which he conserved until his last day.

Theaters

Al Ghurbal main building in Shefa-'Amr

The first serious theater works in Shefa-'Amr were held back in the 50's by the Christian scouts of the city, many plays were held over the years by the members of the scouts. Later in 1954 a few of young people from the city established a new acting group that held 2 Voluntarily plays for the purpose of establishing a new scouts movement. for the next two decades, between the late 50's and the 70's, there were no real theater movement in the city except of some high school plays. In the 70's many theaters started appearing in the city, and many plays were held by each of them. probably the most known of them are: the sons of Shefa-A'mr theater, Athar theater, house of the youth theater, Alghurbal Al Shefa-'Amry theater and Al Ufok theater. today the biggest theater in the city is the Ghurbal Establishment which is a national Arab theater.

One of the well known artist in the city is Sa'eed Salame, an actor, comedian and a pantomimist. Sa'eed established an international pantomime festival that is being held annually for the past 4 years, pantomimists from all around the world participate in the festival which is held for 3 days.

Food

For food items, Shefa-'Amr is most famous for its mastic-flavored ice cream, bozet Shefa-'Amr, and the Nakhleh Coffee Company, the leading coffee producer in Israel's Arab community.

Violent incident in Shefa-'Amr

On August 4, 2005, an AWOL Israeli Defense Force soldier, Eden Natan-Zada, opened fire while aboard a bus in the city, killing four Israeli Arab citizens and wounding twenty-two others. After the shooting, Natan-Zada was overcome by nearby crowds, lynched and beaten with rocks.

According to witnesses, the bus driver was initially surprised to see a kippah-wearing Jewish soldier making his way to Shefa-'Amr (an overwhelmingly Arab city) via public bus, so inquired of Natan-Zada whether he was certain he wanted to take his current route.

The four fatalities were Hazar Turki and Dina Turki, two sisters in their early twenties, and two men, Michel Bahouth (the bus driver) and Nader Hayek. In the days following the attack, 40,000 Arabs attended mass funeral services in the town for all of the victims: the two sisters were buried in an Islamic cemetery, and the two men were buried in the local Christian Catholic cemetery.

Shfaram and Israel Independence Day

In January 2008, the Mayor of Shefa-'Amr, Ursan Yassin, met with officials of the Israeli state committee on the celebrations for the 60th anniversary of independence, and announced that Shefa-'Amr intends to take part in the celebrations. He stated: This is our country and we completely disapprove of the statements made by the Higher Monitoring Committee. I want to hold a central ceremony in Shefa-'Amr, raise all the flags and have a huge feast.

The 40,000 residents of Shefa-'Amr feel that they are a part of the State of Israel...The desire to participate in the festivities is shared by most of the residents.

We will not raise our children to hate the country. This is our country and we want to live in coexistence with its Jewish residents.[2][1]

Famous residents

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Herzog and Gazit, 2005, p. 79.
  2. ^ Ynet, Feb 1, 2008

References

  • Jeeran.com homepage
  • Herzog, Chaim and Shlomo Gazit, The Arab-Israeli Wars, Vintage books, 2005.
  • Ze'ev Vilnai, "Shefa-'Amr, Between the past and the present",Jerusalem 1962.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Millennium_(TV_series)&oldid=244576403"