Julius Caesar (play) and Miss Universe Thailand: Difference between pages

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The '''Miss Thailand Universe''' is a beauty pageant that has been held every year since 2000, with winners competing in the [[Miss Universe]], [[Miss Earth]], [[Miss Intercontinental]], [[Miss Asia Pacific International]], and [[Miss Tourism Queen International]] pageants. In fact, Miss Thailand Universe is not related to the previous [[Miss Thailand]] or [[Miss Thailand World]].
[[Image:Brutus and the Ghost of Caesar 1802.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The ghost of Caesar appears to warn Brutus of his fate. From a painting by [[Richard Westall]].]]


The reigning Miss Thailand Universe is [[Gavintra Photijak]], who was crowned on May 24, 2008 in Bangkok by [[Farung Yuthithum]], Miss Thailand Universe 2007.
'''''Julius Caesar''''' is a [[Shakespearean tragedy|tragedy]] by [[William Shakespeare]], believed to have been written in 1599. It portrays the [[conspiracy (Caesar)|conspiracy]] against the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[dictator]] [[Julius Caesar|of the same name]], his assassination and its aftermath. It is one of several Roman plays that he wrote, based on true events from [[History of Rome|Roman history]], which also include ''[[Coriolanus (play)|Coriolanus]]'' and ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]]''.


Although the title of the play is ''Julius Caesar'', [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]] is not the central character in its action; he appears in only three scenes, and is killed at the beginning of the third act. The [[protagonist]] of the play is [[Marcus Junius Brutus|Marcus Brutus]], and the central psychological drama is his struggle between the conflicting demands of [[honour]], [[patriotism]], and [[friendship]].


== History ==
The play reflected the general anxiety of [[England]] over succession of leadership. At the time of its creation and first performance, [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth]], a strong ruler, was elderly and had refused to name a successor, leading to worries that a [[civil war]] similar to that of Rome might break out after her death.
In 2000, Bangkok Broadcasting & T.V. Co., Ltd. ([[BBTV Channel 7]]) was awarded the rights to host the Miss Thailand Universe pageant and to send a Thai representative to compete at [[Miss Universe]]. This came after the [[Miss Thailand]] Organization lost its license from the [[Miss Universe Organization]]. Kulthida Yenprasert was crowned the first Miss Thailand Universe in March 2000.


The pageant is broadcasted in Channel 7 in Thailand.
==Date and text==
[[Image:FirstFolioJulius.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Facsimile of the first page of ''Julius Caesar'' from the ''[[First Folio]]'', published in 1623]]
''Julius Caesar'' was first published in the [[First Folio]] in 1623, but a performance was mentioned by Thomas Platter in his diary in September 1599. The play is not mentioned in the list of Shakespeare's plays published by [[Francis Meres]] in 1598. Based on these two points, as well as a number of contemporary allusions, and the belief that the play is similar to ''[[Hamlet]]'' in vocabulary, and to ''[[Henry V (play)|Henry V]]'' and ''[[As You Like It]]'' in metre,<ref>Wells and Dobson (2001, 229).</ref> scholars have suggested 1599 as a probable date.<ref>Spevack (1988, 6), Dorsch (1955, vii-viii), Boyce (2000, 328), Wells and Dobson (2001, 229)</ref>


== Performance at Miss Universe ==
The text of ''Julius Caesar'' in the [[First Folio]] is the only [[authority (textual criticism)|authoritative]] text for the play. The Folio text is notable for its quality and consistency; scholars judge it to have been set into type from a theatrical prompt-book.<ref>Wells and Dobson, ''ibid.''</ref> The source used by Shakespeare was [[Thomas North|Sir Thomas North's]] translation of [[Plutarch]]'s ''Life of Brutus'' and ''Life of Caesar''. <ref> North's Plutarch [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/JC/plutarch.north.html Parallel Lives]</ref>


In 2005, Thailand hosted Miss universe Pageant again after the year 1992, [[Chananporn Rosjan]], Miss Thailand Universe 2005, won the Best National Costume award in her country. She is the first Miss Thailand Universe that received the special award at Miss universe Pageant.
The play contains many [[anachronistic]] elements from the [[Elizabethan period]]. The characters mention objects such as hats and doublets (large, heavy jackets) - neither of which existed in ancient Rome. Caesar is mentioned to be wearing an Elizabethan doublet instead of a Roman toga. At one point a clock is heard to strike and Brutus notes it with "Count the clock".


In Miss Universe Pageant 2006 at Los Angeles, [[Charm Onwarin Osathanond]] was placed in the Top 20. She was the first Thailand's semi-finalist in 18 years after [[Porntip Nakhirunkanok]] has done in 1988. Osathanond was also the first Miss Thailand Universe who got a placement at Miss Universe Pageant.
===Deviations from Plutarch===
* [[Shakespeare]] makes Caesar's triumph take place on the day of [[Lupercalia]] instead of six months earlier
* For greater dramatic effect he has made the [[Capitoline Hill|Capitol]] the venue of Caesar's death and not ''Curia Pomperiana'' (Theatre of Pompey).
* Caesar's murder, the funeral, [[Mark Antony|Antony's]] oration, the reading of the will and [[Caesar Augustus|Octavius']] arrival all take place on the same day in the play. However, historically, the assassination took place on [[March 15]] ([[Ides of March|''The ides of March'']]), the will was published three days later on [[March 18]], the funeral took place on [[March 20]] and Octavius arrived only in [[May]].
* [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] makes the [[Second Triumvirate|Triumvirs]] meet in Rome instead of near [[Bolonia]], so as to avoid a third locale.
* He has combined the two [[Battle of Phillipi|Battles of Phillipi]] although there was a twenty day interval between them.
* Shakespeare gives Caesar's last words as "''[[Et tu, Brute?]]'' Then fall, Caesar!" ("And you, Brutus? Then fall, Caesar."). [[Plutarch]] says he said nothing, pulling his toga over his head when he saw Brutus among the conspirators.<ref>Plutarch, ''Caesar'' [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Caesar*.html#66.9 66.9]</ref>. However, [[Suetonius]] reports his last words, spoken in [[Greek language|Greek]], as "''καί σύ τέκνον''" (transliterated as "''Kai su, teknon?''"; "You too, child?" in English).<ref>Suetonius, ''Julius'' [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Julius*.html#82.2 82.2]</ref>.


In Mexico City where Miss Universe 2007 was held, [[Farung Yuthithum]] was one of the semi-finalists in the Top 15 round, which made Thailand called-in the semi-finalist two years in a row.
Shakespeare deviated from these historical facts in order to curtail time and compress the facts so that the play could be staged more easily. The tragic force is condensed into a few scenes for heightened effect.


Recently, [[Gavintra Photijak]], Miss Thailand Universe 2008, who was wearing a famous [[Muay Thai]] outfit, won the Best National Costume Award in Miss Universe 2008 in Vietnam.
==Characters==
==Winner==
*[[Julius Caesar]]
{| border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 1em 0 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
*[[Caesar Augustus|Octavius Caesar]], [[Mark Antony|Marcus Antonius]], [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)|M. Aemilius Lepidus]]: Triumvirs after the death of Julius Caesar
{| class="wikitable"
*[[Cicero]], Publius, Popilius Lena: Senators
*[[Marcus Junius Brutus|Marcus Brutus]], [[Caius Cassius Longinus|Cassius]], [[Servilius Casca|Casca]], [[Trebonius]], [[Ligarius]], [[Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus|Decius Brutus]], [[Tillius Cimber|Metellus Cimber]], [[Cinna]]: Conspirators against Julius Caesar
*[[Lucius Caesetius Flavius|Flavius]] and Marullus: Tribunes
*Artemidorus: a [[Sophist]] of [[Cnidos]]
*A Soothsayer (Also called Fortuneteller)
*[[Helvius Cinna|Cinna]]: a poet, who is not related to the conspiracy
*Lucilius, [[Titinius]], [[Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus|Messala]], [[Cato the Younger]], Volumnius: Friends to Brutus and Cassius
*Varro, Clitus, Claudius, Strato, Lucius, Dardanius: Servants to Brutus
*Pindarus: Servant to Cassius
*[[Calpurnia Pisonis|Calpurnia]]: wife of Caesar
*[[Portia (Julius Caesar)|Portia]]: wife of Brutus


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==Synopsis==
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[[Marcus Junius Brutus|Marcus Brutus]] is Caesar's close friend; his ancestors were famed for driving the tyrannical [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus|King Tarquin]] from Rome (described in Shakespeare's earlier ''[[The Rape of Lucrece]]''). Brutus allows himself to be cajoled into joining a group of conspiring [[Roman Senate|senators]] because of a growing suspicion—implanted by [[Gaius Cassius Longinus|Caius Cassius]]—that Caesar intends to turn republican Rome into a [[monarchy]] under his own rule. Traditional readings of the play maintain that Cassius and the other conspirators are motivated largely by [[envy]] and [[ambition]], whereas Brutus is motivated by the demands of [[honour]] and [[patriotism]]; other commentators, such as [[Isaac Asimov]], suggest that the text shows Brutus is no less moved by envy and flattery.<ref>''[[Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare]]'', Vols. I and II (1970), ISBN 0-517-26825-6, 1970</ref> One of the central strengths of the play is that it resists categorizing its characters as either simple heroes or villains.
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The early scenes deal mainly with Brutus' arguments with Cassius and his struggle with his own [[conscience]]. The growing tide of public support soon turns Brutus against Caesar (This public support was actually faked. Cassius wrote letters to Brutus in different handwritings over the next month in order to get Brutus to join the conspiracy). A soothsayer warns Caesar to "beware the [[Ides of March]]," which he ignores, culminating in his assassination at the [[Capitoline Hill|Capitol]] by the conspirators that day.
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[[Image:Gerome Death of Caesar.jpg|thumb|The Death of Caesar]]
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Caesar's assassination is perhaps the most famous part of the play, about halfway through. After ignoring the soothsayer as well as his wife's own premonitions, Caesar comes to the Senate. The conspirators create a superficial motive for the assassination by means of a petition brought by Metellus Cimber, pleading on behalf of his banished brother. As Caesar, predictably, rejects the petition, Casca grazes Caesar in the back of his neck, and the others follow in stabbing him; Brutus is last. At this point, Caesar utters the famous line "''[[Et tu, Brute?]]''" ("And you, Brutus?", ''i.e.'' "You too, Brutus?"). Shakespeare has him add, "Then fall, Caesar," suggesting that Caesar did not want to survive such treachery. The conspirators make clear that they did this act for Rome, not for their own purposes and do not attempt to flee the scene but act victorious.
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at Miss Universe


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After Caesar's death, however, [[Mark Antony]], with a subtle and eloquent speech over Caesar's corpse—the much-quoted ''[[Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears]]...''—deftly turns [[public opinion]] against the assassins by manipulating the emotions of the [[plebians|common people]], in contrast to the rational tone of Brutus's speech. Antony rouses the mob to drive the conspirators from [[Rome]]. Amid the violence, the innocent poet, [[Helvius Cinna|Cinna]], is confused with the conspirator [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna (suffect consul 32 BC)|Cinna]] and is murdered by the mob.
| [[2008]]
| [[Gavintra Photijak]]
| [[Chonburi Province|Chonburi]]<ref>[http://http://mtu.ch7.com/mtu.html/ http://mtu.ch7.com/mtu.html]</ref>
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| Best National Costume
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| [[2007]]
| [[Farung Yuthithum]]
| [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]]
| Semi-Finalist Top 15
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| [[2006]]
| [[Charm Onwarin Osathanond]]
| [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]]
| Semi-Finalist Top 20
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| [[2005]]
| [[Chananporn Rosjan]]
| [[Bangkok]]
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| Best National Costume
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| [[2004]]
| [[Morakot Aimee Kittisara]]
| [[Bangkok]]
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| [[2003]]
| [[Yaowalak Traisurat]]
| [[Nakhon Si Thammarat Province|Nakhon Si Thammarat]]
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| [[2002]]
| [[Janjira Janchome]]
| [[Phitsanulok Province|Phitsanulok]]
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| [[2001]]
| [[Warinthorn Padungvithee]]
| [[Bangkok]]
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| [[2000]]
| [[Kulthida Yenprasert]]
| [[Bangkok]]
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<br>


==Winner by Provinces==
The beginning of Act Four is marked by the quarrel scene, where Brutus attacks Cassius for soiling the noble act of [[regicide]] by accepting bribes ("Did not great Julius bleed for justice' sake? / What villain touch'd his body, that did stab, / And not for justice?", IV.iii,19-21). The two are reconciled; they prepare for war with Mark Antony and Caesar's adopted son, [[Augustus Caesar|Octavian]] (Shakespeare's spelling: Octavius). That night, Caesar's ghost appears to Brutus with a warning of defeat ("thou shalt see me at Philippi", IV.iii,283). During the battle, Cassius commits suicide after seeing the death of his best friend,Titinius. After Titinius, who wasn't really killed, sees Cassius' corpse, he commits suicide. However, Brutus wins the battle. Brutus, with a heavy heart, battles again the next day. He loses and commits suicide. The play ends with a tribute to Brutus by Antony, who has remained "the noblest Roman of them all" (V.v,68) because he was the only conspirator who acted for the good of Rome. Then it is hinted that the friction between Mark Antony and Octavius which will characterise another of Shakespeare's Roman plays, ''[[Antony and Cleopatra]].''
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==Analysis and criticism==
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{{Expand-section|date=June 2008}}
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===Interpretations===
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====Protagonist debate====
Critics of Shakespeare’s play ''Julius Caesar'' differ greatly on their views of Caesar and Brutus. Many have debated whether Caesar or Brutus is the protagonist of the play. Intertwined in this debate is a smattering of philosophical and psychological ideologies on republicanism and monarchism. One author, Robert C. Reynolds, devotes attention to the names or epithets given to both Brutus and Caesar in his essay “Ironic Epithet in Julius Caesar”. This author points out that Casca praises Brutus at face value, but then inadvertently compares him to a disreputable joke of a man by calling him an alchemist, “Oh, he sits high in all the people’s hearts,/And that which would appear offense in us/ His countenance, like richest alchemy,/ Will change to virtue and to worthiness” (I.iii.158-60). Reynolds also talks about Caesar and his “Colossus” epithet, which he points out has its obvious connotations of power and manliness, but also lesser known connotations of an outward glorious front and inward chaos <ref>Reynolds 329-333</ref>. In that essay, the conclusion as to who is the hero or protagonist is ambiguous because of the conceit-like poetic quality of the epithets for Caesar and Brutus.


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Myron Taylor, in his essay “Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar and the Irony of History”, compares the logic and philosophies of Caesar and Brutus. Caesar is deemed an intuitive philosopher who is always right when he goes with his gut, for instance when he says he fears Cassius as a threat to him before he is killed, his intuition is correct. Brutus is portrayed as a man similar to Caesar, but whose passions lead him to the wrong reasoning, which he realizes in the end when he says in V.v.50-51, “Caesar, now be still:/ I kill’d not thee with half so good a will” <ref>Taylor 301-308</ref>.
| [[Bangkok]]
| 4
| 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005
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| [[Nong Kai Province|Nong Kai]]
| 1
| 2008
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| [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]]
| 1
| 2007
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| [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]]
| 1
| 2006
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| [[Nakhon Si Thammarat Province|Nakhon Si Thammarat]]
| 1
| 2003
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| [[Phitsanulok Province|Phitsanulok]]
| 1
| 2002
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===By Geographical regions===
Joseph W. Houppert acknowledges that some critics have tried to cast Caesar as the protagonist, but that ultimately Brutus is the driving force in the play and is therefore the tragic hero. Brutus attempts to put the republic over his personal relationship with Caesar and kills him. Brutus makes the political mistakes that bring down the republic that his ancestors created. He acts on his passions, does not gather enough evidence to make reasonable decisions and is manipulated by Cassius and the other conspirators <ref>Houppert 3-9</ref>.
As of 2008:
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! bgcolor="#efefef" | Best Performance


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The general conclusion among critics is that Brutus is in fact the protagonist of the play Julius Caesar, although some have tried to prove otherwise.
|Bangkok Metropolitan ||6 title(s)<sup></sup> won by [[Bangkok]](4), [[Nonthaburi Province|Nonthaburi]](1), [[Pathum Thani Province|Pathum Thani]](1)
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|Eastern||1 title(s)<sup></sup> won by [[Chonburi Province|Chonburi]]
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|Southern||1 title(s)<sup></sup> won by [[Nakhon Si Thammarat Province|Nakhon Si Thammarat]]
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|Northern||1 title(s)<sup></sup> won by [[Phitsanulok Province|Phitsanulok]]
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|Central||0 title(s)<sup></sup>
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|Northeastern||0 title(s)<sup></sup>
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====Gender studies approaches====


<br>
Gender critics argue that the bonds between the men in ''Julius Caesar'' appears to exceed mere friendship, or homosociality, and cross the line into homosexuality. Some critics, such as Barbara Parker even argue that homosexual love among Roman men is an implicit theme in the play. According to this argument, Brutus and the conspirators kill Caesar for the same reasons that Brutus and Cassius argue at the end of the play: admiration has turned to desire for sexual domination.<ref>Kahn 274-277</ref> This is based on the idea that, in Shakespeare's day, in an England ruled by Protestantism, Catholic Rome was often viewed as the "[[Whore of Babylon]]". Many church leaders in Rome were rumored to have practiced sodomy, and the area was frequently alluded to in England as being full of homosexuals.<ref>Parker 251-252</ref> Thus, where Brutus says: "But, woe the while! our fathers' minds are dead / And we a govern'd by our mothers' spirits", Gender critics see Brutus expressing a homosexual femininity. Caesar, also said to be feminine, wishes only for the company of men, and the women around him are sidelined. Men engage in more loving conversations with the men in their lives than with their own wives.<ref>Parker 254-255</ref> Parker thus portrays the relationship between Brutus and the rest of the conspirators as more like a group marriage than simply a friendship.<ref>Parker 261-262</ref>


==The Runner-ups at other Beauty Pageants==
Using [[phallic]] and [[yonic]] symbol theory, gender critics suggest that the funeral scene is both the climax of the action of the play as well as the sexual climax. Behind the rhetoric of Mark Antony, Parker sees a sexual rhetoric of seduction. Antony uses his funeral oration to seduce the crowd from Brutus back to Caesar. The wounds in Caesar's naked body, for Parker, represent vaginal orifices.<ref>Parker 258-259</ref> Antony also mentions Caesar's will several times. It signifies both his actual will as well as his sexual will (chastity) that kept him from coming at the conspirators' request.<ref>Parker 257</ref> In this view, the funeral represents all the stages of sex, ending with the burning of Rome representing orgasm. Antony thus re-energizes the Romans and Brutus and Cassius have to leave the city.<ref>Parker 262</ref>
'''1st Runner-up''' Miss Thailand Universe of each year will become Miss Thailand Earth, and present at [[Miss Earth]]
<br>
===Miss Earth===
In 2004, Radchadawan Khampeng was Thailand's delegate. She was placed in the Top 8, which make herself become the first Thailand's representative who got the placement at Miss Earth Pageant.


Three years later, in [[Miss Earth 2007]] Jiraporn Sing-ieam got the place in the Top 8. She also won the Best National Costume award. Sing-ieam is the first Thailand's representative that received this award.
==Performance history==
The play was likely one of Shakespeare's first to be performed at the [[Globe Theatre]].<ref>Evans, G. Blakemore: "The Riverside Shakespeare", page 1100 Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974</ref> Thomas Patter, a [[Swiss]] traveller, saw a tragedy about [[Julius Caesar]] at a [[Bankside]] theatre on [[September 21]], [[1599]] and this was most likely Shakespeare's play, as there is no obvious alternative candidate. (While the story of Julius Caesar was dramatized repeatedly in the Elizabethan/Jacobean period, none of the other plays known are as good a match with Patter's description as Shakespeare's play.)<ref>Richard Edes's Latin play ''Caesar Interfectus'' (1582?) would not qualify. The [[Admiral's Men]] had an anonymous ''Caesar and Pompey'' in their repertory in 1594&ndash;5, and another play, ''Caesar's Fall, or the Two Shapes,'' written by [[Thomas Dekker (poet)|Thomas Dekker]], [[Michael Drayton]], [[Thomas Middleton]], [[Anthony Munday]], and [[John Webster]], in 1601-2, too late for Patter's reference. Neither play has survived. The anonymous ''Caesar's Revenge'' dates to 1606, while [[George Chapman]]'s ''Caesar and Pompey'' dates from ca. 1613. E. K. Chambers, ''Elizabethan Stage,'' Vol. 2, p. 179; Vol. 3, pp. 259, 309; Vol. 4, p. 4.</ref>


After the theatres re-opened at the start of the [[English Restoration|Restoration]] era, the play was revived by [[Thomas Killigrew]]'s [[King's Company]] in [[1672]]. [[Charles Hart (17th-century actor)|Charles Hart]] initially played Brutus, as did [[Thomas Betterton]] in later productions. ''Julius Caesar'' was one of the very few Shakespearean plays that was not adapted during the Restoration period or the eighteenth century.<ref>Halliday, p. 261.</ref>


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==Notable performances==
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===Stage performances===
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[[Image:Booths Caesar.jpg|right|thumb|200px|John Wilkes Booth, Edwin Booth and Junius Brutus Booth, Jr. in [[Shakespeare]]’s ''Julius Caesar'' in 1864.]]
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*[[1864]]: [[Junius Brutus Booth, Jr.|Junius, Jr.]], [[Edwin Booth|Edwin]] and [[John Wilkes Booth|John Wilkes]] [[Booth family|Booth]] made their only appearance onstage together in a benefit performance of ''Julius Caesar'' on [[November 25]], [[1864]], at the Winter Garden Theatre. [[Junius Brutus Booth, Jr.|Junius, Jr.]] played Cassius, [[Edwin Booth|Edwin]] played Brutus and [[John Wilkes Booth|John Wilkes]] played Marc Antony. This landmark production raised funds to erect a statue of Shakespeare in Central Park, which remains to this day.
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* [May, 1916] An one-night performance in the natural bowl of [[Beachwood Canyon]], Hollywood drew an audience of 40,000 and starred Tyrone Power, Sr. and Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. The student bodies of Hollywood and Fairfax High Schools played opposing armies, and the elaborate battle scenes were performed on a huge stage as well as the surrounding hillsides. The play commemorated the tercentenery of Shakespeare's death and is still talked about today. A photograph of the elaborate stage and viewing stands can be seen on the Library of Congress website.
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* [[1926]]: Another elaborate performance of the play was staged as a benefit for the [[Actors' Fund of America]] at the [[Hollywood Bowl]]. Caesar arrived for the [[Lupercal]] in a chariot drawn by four white horses. The stage was the size of a city block and dominated by a central tower eighty feet in height. The event was mainly aimed at creating work for [[unemployed]] actors. Three hundred [[gladiator]]s appeared in an arena scene not featured in Shakespeare's play; a similar number of girls danced as Caesar's captives; a total of three thousand soldiers took part in the battle sequences.
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* [[1937]]: [[Orson Welles]]' famous production at the [[Mercury Theatre]] drew fervoured comment as the director dressed his protagonists in uniforms reminiscent of those common at the time in [[Fascist]] [[Italy]] and [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[Germany]], as well as drawing a specific analogy between Caesar and [[Mussolini]]. Opinions vary on the artistic value of the resulting production: some see Welles' mercilessly pared-down script (the running time was around 90 minutes without an interval, several characters were eliminated, dialogue was moved around and borrowed from other plays, and the final two acts were reduced to a single scene) as a radical and innovative way of cutting away the unnecessary elements of Shakespeare's tale; others thought Welles' version was a mangled and lobotomized version of Shakespeare's tragedy which lacked the psychological depth of the original. Most agreed that the production owed more to Welles than it did to Shakespeare. However, Welles's innovations have been echoed in many subsequent modern productions, which have seen parallels between Caesar's fall and the downfalls of various governments in the twentieth century. The production was most noted for its portrayal of the slaughter of Cinna ([[Norman Lloyd]]). It is the longest-running [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] production of this play at 157 performances. Welles's ''Julius Caesar'' opened at the Comedy Theater in the fall of 1937, and then was transferred to the National Theater on West 41st Street, later renamed the Neiderlander Theater. This famous production also toured the country in 1938.
* [[1950]]: [[John Gielgud]] played Cassius at the [[Shakespeare Memorial Theatre]] under the direction of [[Michael Langham]] and [[Anthony Quayle]]. The production was considered one of the highlights of a remarkable [[Shakespeare Memorial Theatre|Stratford]] season, and led to [[John Gielgud|Gielgud]] (who had done little film work to that time) playing Cassius in [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s [[1953]] [[Julius Caesar (1953 film)|film version]].
*[[1977]]: [[John Gielgud]] made his final appearance in a [[Shakespearean]] role on stage as [[Julius Caesar]] in [[John Schlesinger]]'s production at the [[Royal National Theatre]].
*[[2005]]: [[Denzel Washington]] played Brutus in the first [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] production of the play in over fifty years. The production received universally terrible reviews, but was a sell-out because of [[Denzel Washington|Washington's]] popularity at the box office.<ref>"A Big-Name Brutus in a Caldron of Chaos", by Ben Brantley, ''The New York Times'', April 4, 2005</ref>


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===Screen performances===
| [[2008]]
:See also [[Shakespeare on screen#Julius Caesar|Shakespeare on screen (Julius Caesar)]]''
| [[Piyaporn Deejing]]
| colspan=2 align="center"| To be determine on Philippines
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| [[2007]]
| Jiraporn Sing-ieam
| Finalist Top 8
| Best National Costume
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| [[2006]]
| Pailin Rungratanasunthorn
|
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| [[2005]]
| Kanokwan Sesthaphongvanich
|
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| [[2004]]
| Radchadawan Khampeng
| Finalist Top 8
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| [[2003]]
| Anongnat Sutthanuch
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| [[2002]]
| Lalita Apaiwong
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<br>
* ''[[Julius Caesar (1950 film)|Julius Caesar]]'' (1950), starring [[Charlton Heston]] as Antony and [[Harold Tasker]] as Caesar.
'''Other Runner-ups''' Miss Thailand Universe representative at [[Miss Intercontinental]], [[Miss Asia Pacific International]], [[Miss Tourism World]], [[Miss Tourism International]], [[Miss Tourism Queen of the Year International]] and [[Miss Tourism Metropolitan International World Final]] pageants.
* ''[[Julius Caesar (1953 film)|Julius Caesar]]'' (1953), starring [[Marlon Brando]] as Antony and [[Louis Calhern]] as Caesar.
* ''[[Julius Caesar (1970 film)|Julius Caesar]]'' (1970), starring [[Charlton Heston]] as Antony and [[John Gielgud]] as Caesar.


===Miss Intercontinental===
==Adaptations and cultural references==
In 2006, Nusara Suknamai was placed in the Top 12. She was the first Thailand's representative who got the placement at Miss Intercontinental Pageant, Suknamai before competed at Miss Teen Thailand 2002 and 1st Runner-up the title.


The [[Canada|Canadian]] comedy duo [[Wayne and Shuster]] parodied ''Julius Caesar'' in their [[1958]] sketch ''Rinse the Blood off My Toga''. Flavius Maximus, Private Roman I, is hired by Brutus to investigate the death of Caesar. The police procedural combines Shakespeare, ''[[Dragnet (series)|Dragnet]]'', and vaudeville jokes and was first broadcast on the [[Ed Sullivan Show]]. <ref>[http://www.canadianshakespeares.ca/multimedia/video/rinse_the_blood.cfm Rinse the Blood Off My Toga]</ref>


{| border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 1em 0 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
In 1973 the [[BBC]] made a television play ''Heil Caesar'', written by [[John Griffith Bowen]], an adaptation of the play put into a modern setting. <ref>[http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/566329/index.html screenonline: Julius Caesar On Screen<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
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! bgcolor="#efefef" width="23%" | Placement at MIC
! bgcolor="#efefef" | Special awards at MIC


|-
In 1984 the [[Riverside Shakespeare Company]] of New York City produced a modern dress ''Julius Caesar'' set in contemporary Washington, called simply ''CAESAR!'', starring [[Harold Scott, Director|Harold Scott]] as Brutus, Herman Petras as Caesar, Marya Lowry as Portia, Robert Walsh as Antony, and Michael Cook as Cassius, directed by W. Stuart McDowell at [[The Shakespeare Center]].<ref>Herbert Mitgang of ''The New York Times'', March 14, 1984, wrote: "The famous Mercury Theater production of ''Julius Caesar'' in modern dress staged by [[Orson Welles]] in 1937 was designed to make audiences think of Mussolini's Blackshirts - and it did. The Riverside Shakespeare Company's lively production makes you think of timeless ambition and antilibertarians anywhere."</ref>
| [[2008]]
| Peerada Kajornmalee
| colspan=2 align="center"| To be determine on Poland
|-
| [[2007]]
| Buachompoo Varee
| Semi-Finalist Top 16
|
|-
| [[2006]]
| Nusara Suknamai
| Semi-Finalist Top 12
|
|}


===Miss Asia Pacific International===
In 2006, [[Chris Taylor (comedian)|Chris Taylor]] from the Australian comedy team "[[The Chaser]]" wrote a comedy musical called "Dead Caesar" which was shown in at the Sydney Theatre Company in Sydney.


In 2000, Kanueng-nit In-orng, was Thailand's representative at Miss Asia Pacific International 2000 in The Philippines. She is 4th Runner-up Miss Asia Pacific International 2000.
In the season 2 premiere of [[The Venture Bros.]], ''[[Powerless in the Face of Death]]'', [[the Monarch]] is betrayed by his prison inmates in an attempted escape out of prison. When his most trusted inmate, King Gorilla, betrays him as well, he says, "''Et tu King?''," being an obvious parody to, "''Et tu, Brute?''".


Later in 2001, Wanvisa Kamdangyai, 1st Runner-up Miss Thailand Universe 2001, competed at Miss Asia Pacific International 2001, and later became 2nd Runner-up Miss Asia Pacific International 2000.
==See also==
* [[Assassinations in fiction#Plays|Assassinations in fiction]]
* [[Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears|Mark Antony's Funeral Speech]]


==External links==
{{wikisourcepar|The Tragedy of Julius Caesar}}
{{wikiquote}}
*[http://nfs.sparknotes.com/juliuscaesar/ No Fear shakespeare] Includes the play line by line with interpretation.
*[http://clicknotes.com/JC_Navigator/ Julius Caesar Navigator] Includes a text with notes, line numbers, and a search function.
*[http://www.alljuliuscaesar.bravehost.com/ All Julius Caesar] Provides a summary of the play, background on Shakespeare and Julius Caesar, including historical background on Julius Caesar, and a character analysis of Caesar.
* [http://www.shakespeare-literature.com/Julius_Caesar/index.html Julius Caesar] - searchable, indexed e-text
* [http://juliuscaesar.publicliterature.org Julius Caesar] - Full text play by William Shakespeare.
*[http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/2263 Julius Caesar] - from [[Project Gutenberg]]
*[http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/julius_caesar/ Julius Caesar] - by The Tech
*[http://www.maximumedge.com/shakespeare/juliuscaesar.htm Julius Caesar] - Searchable and scene-indexed version.
*http://nfs.sparknotes.com/juliuscaesar/
*[http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/ebooks/modern-julius-caesar.htm Julius Caesar in modern English]
*[http://www.webenglishteacher.com/juliuscaesar.html Lesson plans for Julius Caesar] at Web English Teacher
*[http://www.prx.org/pieces/23945/ Quicksilver Radio Theater adaptation of "Julius Caesar", which may be heard online], at PRX.org (Public Radio Exchange).


''Not held in 2004, 2006 and 2007.''
==References==
===Footnotes===
{{reflist|2}}


{| border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 1em 0 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
===Editions of ''Julius Caesar''===
{| class="wikitable"
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1; column-count:1;">
|-
* Dorsch, T. S., ed. 1955. ''Julius Caesar''. By William Shakespeare. The Arden Shakespeare, second series. London: Methuen. ISBN 0416474004.
! bgcolor="#efefef" width="5%" | Year
* Spevack, Marvin, ed. 1988. ''Julius Caesar''. By William Shakespeare. New Cambridge Shakespeare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521222206.
! bgcolor="#efefef" width="31%" | Contestant
* Wells, Stanley, and Gary Taylor, eds. 1988. ''The Complete Works''. By William Shakespeare. The Oxford Shakespeare. Compact ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198711905.
! bgcolor="#efefef" width="23%" | Placement at MAPI
</div>
! bgcolor="#efefef" | Special awards at MAPI
|-
| [[2005]]
| Suthida Deesri
|
|
|-
| [[2003]]
| Narue-nit Jantara-niyom
|
|
|-
| [[2002]]
| Thanawan Romsang
|
|
|-
| [[2001]]
| Wanvisa Kamdangyai
| 2nd Runner-up
|
|-
| [[2000]]
| Kanueng-nit In-orng
| 4th Runner-up
|
|}


===Secondary sources===
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:1; column-count:1;">
*Boyce, Charles. 1990. ''Encyclopaedia of Shakespeare'', New York, Roundtable Press.
* Chambers, Edmund Kerchever. 1923. ''The Elizabethan Stage''. 4 volumes, Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198115113.
* Halliday, F. E. 1964. ''A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964''. Shakespeare Library ser. Baltimore, Penguin, 1969. ISBN 0140530118.
*Houppert, Joseph W. “Fatal Logic in ‘Julius Caesar’ ”. South Atlantic Bulletin. Vol. 39, No.4. Nov. 1974. 3-9.
*Kahn, Coppelia. "Passions of some difference": Friendship and Emulation in Julius Caesear. Julius Caesar: New Critical Essays. Horst Zander, ed. New York: Routledge, 2005. 271-283.
*Parker, Barbara L. "The Whore of Babylon and Shakespeares's Julius Caesar." Studies in English Literature (Rice); Spring95, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p251, 19p.
*Reynolds, Robert C. “Ironic Epithet in Julius Caesar”. Shakespeare Quarterly. Vol. 24. No.3. 1973. 329-333.
*Taylor, Myron. "Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar and the Irony of History". Shakespeare Quarterly. Vol. 24, No. 3. 1973. 301-308.
[[Stanley Wells|Wells, Stanley]] and Michael Dobson, eds. 2001. ''The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare'' [[Oxford University Press]]
</div>


===Miss Tourism Pageants===
{{Shakespeare}}

'''Miss Tourism Metropolitan International World Final'''
{| border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 1em 0 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
{| class="wikitable"
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! bgcolor="#efefef" width="5%" | Year
! bgcolor="#efefef" width="31%" | Contestant
! bgcolor="#efefef" width="23%" | Placement at MTMI
! bgcolor="#efefef" | Special awards at MTMI
|-
| [[2008]]
| Ananya Chinsangchai
| colspan=2 align="center"| To be determine on Malaysia
|-
| [[2007]]
| Watcharawan Suntarintu
| 3rd Runner-up
| Miss Sogo Trendsetter,<br> Miss Photogenic, Miss Elegance
|}

<br>
'''Miss Tourism Queen of the Year International'''
{| border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 1em 0 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! bgcolor="#efefef" width="5%" | Year
! bgcolor="#efefef" width="31%" | Contestant
! bgcolor="#efefef" width="23%" | Placement at MTQYI
! bgcolor="#efefef" | Special awards at MTQYI
|-
| [[2006]]
| Ampika Chuanpreecha
| '''WINNER'''
| Miss Sogo Trendsetter Subsidiary Title,<br> Miss Odm Personality
|}

<br>
'''Miss Tourism International World Final'''
{| border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 1em 0 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
{| class="wikitable"
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! bgcolor="#efefef" width="5%" | Year
! bgcolor="#efefef" width="31%" | Contestant
! bgcolor="#efefef" width="23%" | Placement at MTI
! bgcolor="#efefef" | Special awards at MTI
|-
| [[2006]]
| Suvarat Karnkorn
| Finalist Top 8
|
|-
| [[2005]]
| Porntip Prasertsong
| 4th Runner-up
| Best National Costume, <br>Miss Globe Beauty International
|}

<br>
'''Miss Tourism World'''
{| border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 1em 0 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
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! bgcolor="#efefef" width="31%" | Contestant
! bgcolor="#efefef" width="23%" | Placement at MTW
! bgcolor="#efefef" | Special awards at MTW
|-
| [[2003]]
| Jiraporn Nunti
| Semi-Finalist Top 20
|
|}

==See also==
*[[Miss Thailand]]
*[[Miss Thailand World]]
*[[Miss Teen Thailand]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://mtu.ch7.com/ Official site of Miss Thailand Universe 2008]
*[http://mtu.ch7.com/2007/ Official site of Miss Thailand Universe 2007]


{{MissUniverseCountries}}
[[Category:1599 plays]]
[[Category:English Renaissance plays]]
[[Category:Beauty pageants|Thailand]]
[[Category:Julius Caesar]]
[[Category:Miss Universe|Thailand]]
[[Category:Shakespearean tragedies]]
[[Category:Fiction set in ancient Rome]]


[[th:มิสไทยแลนด์ยูนิเวิร์ส]]
{{Link FA|he}}
[[zh-classical:泰國環球小姐]]
[[ar:يوليوس قيصر (مسرحية)]]
[[bs:Julije Cezar (drama)]]
[[cs:Julius Caesar (Shakespeare)]]
[[de:Julius Cäsar (Drama)]]
[[es:Julio César (Shakespeare)]]
[[eo:Julio Cezaro (literaturo)]]
[[fr:Jules César (Shakespeare)]]
[[id:Julius Caesar (drama)]]
[[it:Giulio Cesare (Shakespeare)]]
[[he:יוליוס קיסר (מחזה)]]
[[la:Iulius Caesar (Fabula Gulielmi Shakesperii)]]
[[nl:Julius Caesar (toneelstuk)]]
[[ja:ジュリアス・シーザー (シェイクスピア)]]
[[no:Julius Cæsar (skuespill)]]
[[pl:Juliusz Cezar (sztuka)]]
[[pt:Julius Caesar]]
[[ru:Юлий Цезарь (трагедия)]]
[[simple:Julius Caesar (play)]]
[[sk:Julius Caesar (Shakespeare)]]
[[sv:Julius Caesar (pjäs)]]

Revision as of 16:03, 10 October 2008

The Miss Thailand Universe is a beauty pageant that has been held every year since 2000, with winners competing in the Miss Universe, Miss Earth, Miss Intercontinental, Miss Asia Pacific International, and Miss Tourism Queen International pageants. In fact, Miss Thailand Universe is not related to the previous Miss Thailand or Miss Thailand World.

The reigning Miss Thailand Universe is Gavintra Photijak, who was crowned on May 24, 2008 in Bangkok by Farung Yuthithum, Miss Thailand Universe 2007.


History

In 2000, Bangkok Broadcasting & T.V. Co., Ltd. (BBTV Channel 7) was awarded the rights to host the Miss Thailand Universe pageant and to send a Thai representative to compete at Miss Universe. This came after the Miss Thailand Organization lost its license from the Miss Universe Organization. Kulthida Yenprasert was crowned the first Miss Thailand Universe in March 2000.

The pageant is broadcasted in Channel 7 in Thailand.

Performance at Miss Universe

In 2005, Thailand hosted Miss universe Pageant again after the year 1992, Chananporn Rosjan, Miss Thailand Universe 2005, won the Best National Costume award in her country. She is the first Miss Thailand Universe that received the special award at Miss universe Pageant.

In Miss Universe Pageant 2006 at Los Angeles, Charm Onwarin Osathanond was placed in the Top 20. She was the first Thailand's semi-finalist in 18 years after Porntip Nakhirunkanok has done in 1988. Osathanond was also the first Miss Thailand Universe who got a placement at Miss Universe Pageant.

In Mexico City where Miss Universe 2007 was held, Farung Yuthithum was one of the semi-finalists in the Top 15 round, which made Thailand called-in the semi-finalist two years in a row.

Recently, Gavintra Photijak, Miss Thailand Universe 2008, who was wearing a famous Muay Thai outfit, won the Best National Costume Award in Miss Universe 2008 in Vietnam.

Winner

Year Miss Thailand Universe Province Represented Placement at Miss Universe Special awards

at Miss Universe

2008 Gavintra Photijak Chonburi[1] Best National Costume
2007 Farung Yuthithum Pathum Thani Semi-Finalist Top 15
2006 Charm Onwarin Osathanond Nonthaburi Semi-Finalist Top 20
2005 Chananporn Rosjan Bangkok Best National Costume
2004 Morakot Aimee Kittisara Bangkok
2003 Yaowalak Traisurat Nakhon Si Thammarat
2002 Janjira Janchome Phitsanulok
2001 Warinthorn Padungvithee Bangkok
2000 Kulthida Yenprasert Bangkok


Winner by Provinces

Provinces Titles Winning Years
Bangkok 4 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005
Nong Kai 1 2008
Pathum Thani 1 2007
Nonthaburi 1 2006
Nakhon Si Thammarat 1 2003
Phitsanulok 1 2002

By Geographical regions

As of 2008:

Regions Best Performance
Bangkok Metropolitan 6 title(s) won by Bangkok(4), Nonthaburi(1), Pathum Thani(1)
Eastern 1 title(s) won by Chonburi
Southern 1 title(s) won by Nakhon Si Thammarat
Northern 1 title(s) won by Phitsanulok
Central 0 title(s)
Northeastern 0 title(s)



The Runner-ups at other Beauty Pageants

1st Runner-up Miss Thailand Universe of each year will become Miss Thailand Earth, and present at Miss Earth

Miss Earth

In 2004, Radchadawan Khampeng was Thailand's delegate. She was placed in the Top 8, which make herself become the first Thailand's representative who got the placement at Miss Earth Pageant.

Three years later, in Miss Earth 2007 Jiraporn Sing-ieam got the place in the Top 8. She also won the Best National Costume award. Sing-ieam is the first Thailand's representative that received this award.


Year Contestant Placement at Miss Earth Special awards at Miss Earth
2008 Piyaporn Deejing To be determine on Philippines
2007 Jiraporn Sing-ieam Finalist Top 8 Best National Costume
2006 Pailin Rungratanasunthorn
2005 Kanokwan Sesthaphongvanich
2004 Radchadawan Khampeng Finalist Top 8
2003 Anongnat Sutthanuch
2002 Lalita Apaiwong


Other Runner-ups Miss Thailand Universe representative at Miss Intercontinental, Miss Asia Pacific International, Miss Tourism World, Miss Tourism International, Miss Tourism Queen of the Year International and Miss Tourism Metropolitan International World Final pageants.

Miss Intercontinental

In 2006, Nusara Suknamai was placed in the Top 12. She was the first Thailand's representative who got the placement at Miss Intercontinental Pageant, Suknamai before competed at Miss Teen Thailand 2002 and 1st Runner-up the title.


Year Contestant Placement at MIC Special awards at MIC
2008 Peerada Kajornmalee To be determine on Poland
2007 Buachompoo Varee Semi-Finalist Top 16
2006 Nusara Suknamai Semi-Finalist Top 12

Miss Asia Pacific International

In 2000, Kanueng-nit In-orng, was Thailand's representative at Miss Asia Pacific International 2000 in The Philippines. She is 4th Runner-up Miss Asia Pacific International 2000.

Later in 2001, Wanvisa Kamdangyai, 1st Runner-up Miss Thailand Universe 2001, competed at Miss Asia Pacific International 2001, and later became 2nd Runner-up Miss Asia Pacific International 2000.


Not held in 2004, 2006 and 2007.

Year Contestant Placement at MAPI Special awards at MAPI
2005 Suthida Deesri
2003 Narue-nit Jantara-niyom
2002 Thanawan Romsang
2001 Wanvisa Kamdangyai 2nd Runner-up
2000 Kanueng-nit In-orng 4th Runner-up


Miss Tourism Pageants

Miss Tourism Metropolitan International World Final

Year Contestant Placement at MTMI Special awards at MTMI
2008 Ananya Chinsangchai To be determine on Malaysia
2007 Watcharawan Suntarintu 3rd Runner-up Miss Sogo Trendsetter,
Miss Photogenic, Miss Elegance


Miss Tourism Queen of the Year International

Year Contestant Placement at MTQYI Special awards at MTQYI
2006 Ampika Chuanpreecha WINNER Miss Sogo Trendsetter Subsidiary Title,
Miss Odm Personality


Miss Tourism International World Final

Year Contestant Placement at MTI Special awards at MTI
2006 Suvarat Karnkorn Finalist Top 8
2005 Porntip Prasertsong 4th Runner-up Best National Costume,
Miss Globe Beauty International


Miss Tourism World

Year Contestant Placement at MTW Special awards at MTW
2003 Jiraporn Nunti Semi-Finalist Top 20

See also

References

  1. ^ http://mtu.ch7.com/mtu.html

External links

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