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{{use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Short description|27th President of Bolivia}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name=Eliodoro Villazón Montaño
{{family name hatnote|Villazón|[[Montaño]]|lang=Spanish}}

| image= Eliodoro Villazón - 2.jpg
{{Infobox officeholder
<!-- Presidency -->
| name = Eliodoro Villazón Montaño
| office= 27th [[President of Bolivia]]
| image = Eliodoro Villazón - 2.jpg
| term_start=12 August 1909
<!-- President -->| order = 27th
| term_end=14 August 1913
| office = President of Bolivia
| predecessor=[[Ismael Montes]]
| vicepresident = [[Macario Pinilla]]<br/>[[Juan Misael Saracho]]
| successor=[[Ismael Montes]]
| term_start = 12 August 1909
| vicepresident=[[Macario Pinilla Vargas]] (1st)<br/>[[Juan Misael Saracho]] (2nd)
| term_end = 14 August 1913
<!-- Vice Presidency -->
| predecessor = [[Ismael Montes]]
| order2 = 15th [[Vice President of Bolivia]]
| successor = Ismael Montes
| status2 = First Vice President
<!-- Vice President -->| order2 = 15th
| term_start2= 14 August 1904
| office2 = Vice President of Bolivia
| term_end2= 12 August 1909
| status2 = First Vice President
| alongside2 = [[Valentín Abecia Ayllón]]
| president2=Ismael Montes
| president2 = [[Ismael Montes]]
| alongside2 = [[Valentín Abecia Ayllón]]
| predecessor2=[[Lucio Pérez Velasco]]
| term_start2 = 14 August 1904
| successor2=[[Macario Pinilla Vargas]]
| term_end2 = 12 August 1909
<!-- Foreign Minister -->
| predecessor2 = [[Lucio Pérez Velasco]]
| office3=[[Foreign Minister of Bolivia]]
| successor2 = [[Macario Pinilla Vargas]]
| term_start3=29 April 1902
<!-- Political Offices -->
| term_end3=27 October 1903
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Other offices|titlestyle = background:lavender;text-align:center;}}
| predecessor3=[[Federico Díez de Medina]]
| office3 = [[Foreign Minister of Bolivia|Minister of Foreign Affairs and Worship]]
| successor3=Claudio Pinilla
| president3=[[José Manuel Pando]]
| president3 = [[José Manuel Pando]]
| term_start3 = 29 April 1902
| term_start4=2 February 1900
| term_end3 = 27 October 1903
| term_end4=4 December 1900
| predecessor3 = [[Federico Díez de Medina]]
| predecessor4=Fernando Eloy Guachalla
| successor3 = [[Claudio Pinilla]]
| successor4=Demetrio Calvimonte
| president4=José Manuel Pando
| president4 = [[José Manuel Pando]]
| term_start4 = 2 February 1900
<!-- Personal Details -->
| term_end4 = 4 December 1900
| birth_name=Eliodoro Villazón Montaño
| predecessor4 = [[Fernando Eloy Guachalla]]
| birth_date=22 January 1848
| successor4 = [[Demetrio Calbimonte]] {{Small|(acting)}}
| birth_place=[[Sacaba]], [[Bolivia]]
| office5 = [[Ministry of Government (Bolivia)|Minister of Government and Justice]]
| death_date={{death date and age|1939|09|12|1848|01|22|df=yes}}
| president5 = [[José Manuel Pando]]
| death_place=[[Cochabamba]], Bolivia
| term_start5 = 19 March 1902
| nationality=[[Bolivians|Bolivian]]
| term_end5 = 29 April 1902
| spouse=Enriqueta Torrico Gonzales
| predecessor5 = [[Aníbal Capriles Cabrera]]
| party=[[Liberal Party (Bolivia)|Liberal]]
| successor5 = [[José Carrasco Torrico]]
| signature = Signature of Eliodoro Villazón (1848-1939).svg
| office6 = [[Ministry of Economy and Public Finance (Bolivia)|Minister of Finance and Industry]]
| occupation={{flatlist|
| president6 = [[Narciso Campero]]
* [[Lawyer]]
| term_start6 = 18 December 1880
* [[politician]]
| term_end6 = 4 August 1881
| predecessor6 = [[Antonio Quijarro]]
| successor6 = [[Antonio Quijarro]]
| office7 = [[Ministry of Economy and Public Finance (Bolivia)|Minister of Finance]]
| president7 = [[Narciso Campero]]
| term_start7 = 15 April 1880
| term_end7 = 20 June 1880
| predecessor7 = [[Eulogio Doria Medina]]
| successor7 = [[Antonio Quijarro]]
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
<!-- Personal Details -->| birth_name = Eliodoro Villazón Montaño
| birth_date = {{birth date|1848|01|22|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Sacaba]], [[Cochabamba Department|Cochabamba]], Bolivia
| death_date = {{death date and age|1939|09|12|1848|01|22|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Cochabamba]], Bolivia
| spouse = Enriqueta Torrico González
| parents = José Manuel Villazón<br>Manuela Montaño
| party = [[Liberal Party (Bolivia)|Liberal]]
| signature = Signature of Eliodoro Villazón (1848-1939).svg
| relations = [[Anastasio Villazón]] (great uncle)
}}
}}
'''Eliodoro Villazón Montaño''' (22 January 1848 – 12 September 1939) was a [[Bolivians|Bolivian]] lawyer and politician who served as the 27th [[president of Bolivia]] from 1909 to 1913 and as the 15th [[vice president of Bolivia]] from 1904 to 1909.
|}}
'''Eliodoro Villazón Montaño''' (22 January 1848 in [[Sacaba]] – 12 September 1939) was a [[Bolivians|Bolivian]] member of the Liberal party who served as the 27th [[President of Bolivia]] from 1909 to 1913 and as the 15th [[Vice President of Bolivia]] from 1904 to 1909.


==Biography==
==Early life==
Villazón was born on January 22, 1848, in the town of [[Sacaba]] in the [[Cochabamba Department|department of Cochabamba]]. He was the son of José Manuel Villazón and Manuela Montaño. His great uncle was General [[Anastasio Villazón]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=M |first=I. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dpbjAAAAMAAJ |title=Eliodoro Villazón, apreciaciones históricas de la actuación pública de este personaje boliviano |date=1910 |publisher=Impr. "Bolívar" de M. Pizarro |language=es}}</ref> He graduated as a lawyer from the [[University of San Francisco Xavier]] and one of the most distinguished lawmakers in the country.
A native of [[Sacaba]], [[Cochabamba Department]], he was a lawyer by trade but early in his life entered politics and held a number of offices through various administrations. As a Liberal, he was Minister of Foreign Relations under [[José Manuel Pando]] (1899–1904) and Vice-President to [[Ismael Montes]] (1904–1909).{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}


At the age of twenty, during the de facto government of President [[Mariano Melgarejo]] (1864-1871), Villazón founded the newspaper ''El Ferroviario''. Villazon married Enriqueta Torrico.<ref name=":0" />
Elected President in 1909, he benefited from the lingering popularity of, and good will to, the successful first Montes administration. Villazón was a measured, competent man and his term was relatively calm and prosperous, at least from the optic of the propertied elites that participated in national life in accordance to the prevailing, largely oligarchic, order. In 1912, his administration accrued a budgetary surplus. High-capacity mining exports and a [[rubber boom]] in the remote northern lowlands fed the economic apogee, which would later prove to be short-lived.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}


== Political career ==
In 1913, [[Ismael Montes]] decided to again run for president and, having won the elections, received the presidential sash from the same man to whom he had turned it over in 1909, Eliodoro Villazón. The now former-president was named Bolivian ambassador to various countries after leaving office, and died in Cochabamba on September 12, 1939, at age 91.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
[[File:Francisco Argandoña.png|left|thumb|221x221px|Francisco Argandoña was one of the wealthiest men in Bolivia and employed Villazón as his accountant.]]
He began his political career at a very young age, joining the ''Partido Rojo'', a party founded by former president [[José María Linares]]. He was also a municipal councilor for the city of [[Cochabamba]] and Deputy for the department of Cochabamba on several occasions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Villazón |first=Eliodoro |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UpDjAAAAMAAJ |title=Discurso del primer vice-presidente de la República y presidente del H. Congreso Nacional, doctor Eliodoro Villazón, al clausurar las sesiones de la Legislatura del año 1905 |date=1906 |publisher=Imp. "El Diario" |language=es}}</ref>


At the age of twenty-three, Villazón attended the National Assembly of 1871 which had been called by the government of newly installed President [[Agustín Morales]] after the overthrow of Melgarejo.<ref name=":1" /> Furthermore, he attended the Conventions of 1880 and 1889 as a delegate. He was Minister of Finance and Industry during the government of President [[Narciso Campero]], in which he also represented Bolivia as its financial agent in Europe.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Walle |first=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9YMmAAAAMAAJ |title=Bolivia: Its People and Its Resources, Its Railways, Mines, and Rubber-forests |date=1914 |publisher=T. F. Unwin |language=en}}</ref> Specialized in finance, Villazón made a considerable fortune by managing the fortunes of several magnates of his time, including that of [[Francisco Argandoña]] and [[Gregorio Pacheco]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Commission |first1=Peru-Bolivia Boundary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yNY4AQAAMAAJ |title=Peru-Bolivia Boundary Commission, 1911-1913: Reports of the British Officers of the Peruvian Commission, Diplomatic Memoranda and Maps of the Boundary Zone |last2=Britain) |first2=Royal Geographical Society (Great |date=1918 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |language=en}}</ref>
== Sources ==
*Mesa José de; Gisbert, Teresa; and Carlos D. Mesa, "Historia De Bolivia", 3rd edition. pp.&nbsp;505–509.


Because of his affluence and political power, he was one of the main founders of the [[Liberal Party (Bolivia)|Liberal Party]] of Bolivia and supported his party during the [[Bolivian Civil War|Bolivian Civil War of 1898-1899]]. He was Minister of Foreign Relations during the government of liberal President [[José Manuel Pando]], and he devoted himself to resolving border conflicts with Bolivia's neighboring countries.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Basadre |first=Jorge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1kurOf9S6u8C |title=Historia de la República del Perú, 1822-1933 |date=1983 |publisher=Editorial Universitaria |language=es}}</ref>
==External links==

During the presidency of [[Ismael Montes]], Villazón became Vice President of Bolivia at the age of 56, serving from 1904 to 1909.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Wright |first=Marie Robinson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwZbAAAAQAAJ |title=Bolivia: The Central Highway of South America, a Land of Rich Resources and Varied Interest |date=1907 |publisher=G. Barrie & sons |language=en}}</ref> He also worked as a defense attorney in the Bolivian-Peruvian border dispute over the Manuripi.<ref name=":4" />

== President of Bolivia ==
[[File:Ismael Montes - Study.jpg|left|thumb|Ismael Montes, President of Bolivia and Villazón's political ally.]]
Villazón ran as the Liberal Party's candidate for the presidency during the 1909 general elections. He triumphed by a wide margin that year, succeeding Ismael Montes as president. He was installed as president of Bolivia at sixty-one years of age, on August 12, 1909, along with his 2 vice presidents: [[Macario Pinilla|Macario Pinilla Vargas]] (first vice-presidency) and [[Juan Misael Saracho]] (second vice-presidency).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />

His government was one of the most prosperous in the republican history of Bolivia, since it enjoyed a budget surplus and a context of tranquility, despite the mining crisis of 1908. He created the Higher Institute of Commerce of La Paz, hoping to further the economic stability the country was enjoying. He also founded the Oruro School of Mines, today the National Faculty of Engineering, and built railway from Cochabamba to Arani, inaugurated in 1913.<ref name=":0" />

Villazón signed a Border Rectification Treaty with Peru, known as the Polo-Sánchez Bustamante Treaty. It was signed in the city of La Paz on September 17, 1909, by the Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru, Solón Polo, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bolivia, [[Daniel Sánchez Bustamante]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Escobar |first=Hernán Alonso Altamirano |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t0QaAAAAYAAJ |title=El por qué del ávido expansionismo del Perú |date=1991 |publisher=Instituto Geográfico Militar |isbn=978-9978-82-107-7 |language=es}}</ref> This treaty put an end to the Peruvian-Bolivian border dispute, and prevented an alliance between Bolivia and Chile against Peru. It also fixed some pending boundary issues with Argentina.

At the end of his term, he handed over the command of his party to his eventual successor, Ismael Montes, who won the general elections of 1913 and was inaugurated as president on August 14.<ref name=":2" /> Villazón then traveled to [[Buenos Aires]] to work as Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Bolivia in Argentina.<ref name=":4" />

== Later life and death ==
Twenty-six years after having left the presidency, Eliodoro Villazón died on September 12, 1939, in the city of [[Cochabamba]] at the age of ninety-one. It is also worth mentioning that Villazón became one of the four oldest presidents of Bolivia, along with [[Hugo Ballivián]], [[Víctor Paz Estenssoro]] and [[Lidia Gueiler]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* Mesa José de; Gisbert, Teresa; and Carlos D. Mesa, "Historia De Bolivia", 3rd edition. pp.&nbsp;505–509.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Villazon, Eliodoro}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Villazon, Eliodoro}}
[[Category:1848 births]]
[[Category:1848 births]]
[[Category:1939 deaths]]
[[Category:1939 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Chapare Province]]
[[Category:20th-century Bolivian politicians]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Bolivia to Argentina]]
[[Category:Bolivian diplomats]]
[[Category:Bolivian journalists]]
[[Category:19th-century Bolivian lawyers]]
[[Category:Bolivian people of Spanish descent]]
[[Category:Bolivian people of Spanish descent]]
[[Category:Candidates in the 1909 Bolivian presidential election]]
[[Category:Foreign ministers of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Liberal Party (Bolivia) politicians]]
[[Category:Liberal Party (Bolivia) politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Bolivia)]]
[[Category:Members of the Senate of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Finance ministers of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Interior ministers of Bolivia]]
[[Category:People from Chapare Province]]
[[Category:Presidents of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Presidents of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Vice presidents of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Senate of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Senate of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Foreign ministers of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Vice presidents of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Bolivian diplomats]]
[[Category:20th-century Bolivian politicians]]


{{Bolivia-politician-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:48, 4 December 2023

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Villazón and the second or maternal family name is Montaño.
Eliodoro Villazón Montaño
27th President of Bolivia
In office
12 August 1909 – 14 August 1913
Vice PresidentMacario Pinilla
Juan Misael Saracho
Preceded byIsmael Montes
Succeeded byIsmael Montes
15th Vice President of Bolivia
First Vice President
In office
14 August 1904 – 12 August 1909
PresidentIsmael Montes
Preceded byLucio Pérez Velasco
Succeeded byMacario Pinilla Vargas
Other offices
Minister of Foreign Affairs and Worship
In office
29 April 1902 – 27 October 1903
PresidentJosé Manuel Pando
Preceded byFederico Díez de Medina
Succeeded byClaudio Pinilla
In office
2 February 1900 – 4 December 1900
PresidentJosé Manuel Pando
Preceded byFernando Eloy Guachalla
Succeeded byDemetrio Calbimonte (acting)
Minister of Government and Justice
In office
19 March 1902 – 29 April 1902
PresidentJosé Manuel Pando
Preceded byAníbal Capriles Cabrera
Succeeded byJosé Carrasco Torrico
Minister of Finance and Industry
In office
18 December 1880 – 4 August 1881
PresidentNarciso Campero
Preceded byAntonio Quijarro
Succeeded byAntonio Quijarro
Minister of Finance
In office
15 April 1880 – 20 June 1880
PresidentNarciso Campero
Preceded byEulogio Doria Medina
Succeeded byAntonio Quijarro
Personal details
Born
Eliodoro Villazón Montaño

(1848-01-22)22 January 1848
Sacaba, Cochabamba, Bolivia
Died12 September 1939(1939-09-12) (aged 91)
Cochabamba, Bolivia
Political partyLiberal
SpouseEnriqueta Torrico González
RelationsAnastasio Villazón (great uncle)
Parent(s)José Manuel Villazón
Manuela Montaño
Signature

Eliodoro Villazón Montaño (22 January 1848 – 12 September 1939) was a Bolivian lawyer and politician who served as the 27th president of Bolivia from 1909 to 1913 and as the 15th vice president of Bolivia from 1904 to 1909.

Early life[edit]

Villazón was born on January 22, 1848, in the town of Sacaba in the department of Cochabamba. He was the son of José Manuel Villazón and Manuela Montaño. His great uncle was General Anastasio Villazón.[1] He graduated as a lawyer from the University of San Francisco Xavier and one of the most distinguished lawmakers in the country.

At the age of twenty, during the de facto government of President Mariano Melgarejo (1864-1871), Villazón founded the newspaper El Ferroviario. Villazon married Enriqueta Torrico.[1]

Political career[edit]

Francisco Argandoña was one of the wealthiest men in Bolivia and employed Villazón as his accountant.

He began his political career at a very young age, joining the Partido Rojo, a party founded by former president José María Linares. He was also a municipal councilor for the city of Cochabamba and Deputy for the department of Cochabamba on several occasions.[1][2]

At the age of twenty-three, Villazón attended the National Assembly of 1871 which had been called by the government of newly installed President Agustín Morales after the overthrow of Melgarejo.[2] Furthermore, he attended the Conventions of 1880 and 1889 as a delegate. He was Minister of Finance and Industry during the government of President Narciso Campero, in which he also represented Bolivia as its financial agent in Europe.[1][3] Specialized in finance, Villazón made a considerable fortune by managing the fortunes of several magnates of his time, including that of Francisco Argandoña and Gregorio Pacheco.[4]

Because of his affluence and political power, he was one of the main founders of the Liberal Party of Bolivia and supported his party during the Bolivian Civil War of 1898-1899. He was Minister of Foreign Relations during the government of liberal President José Manuel Pando, and he devoted himself to resolving border conflicts with Bolivia's neighboring countries.[4][5]

During the presidency of Ismael Montes, Villazón became Vice President of Bolivia at the age of 56, serving from 1904 to 1909.[6] He also worked as a defense attorney in the Bolivian-Peruvian border dispute over the Manuripi.[5]

President of Bolivia[edit]

Ismael Montes, President of Bolivia and Villazón's political ally.

Villazón ran as the Liberal Party's candidate for the presidency during the 1909 general elections. He triumphed by a wide margin that year, succeeding Ismael Montes as president. He was installed as president of Bolivia at sixty-one years of age, on August 12, 1909, along with his 2 vice presidents: Macario Pinilla Vargas (first vice-presidency) and Juan Misael Saracho (second vice-presidency).[1][3][6]

His government was one of the most prosperous in the republican history of Bolivia, since it enjoyed a budget surplus and a context of tranquility, despite the mining crisis of 1908. He created the Higher Institute of Commerce of La Paz, hoping to further the economic stability the country was enjoying. He also founded the Oruro School of Mines, today the National Faculty of Engineering, and built railway from Cochabamba to Arani, inaugurated in 1913.[1]

Villazón signed a Border Rectification Treaty with Peru, known as the Polo-Sánchez Bustamante Treaty. It was signed in the city of La Paz on September 17, 1909, by the Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru, Solón Polo, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bolivia, Daniel Sánchez Bustamante.[7] This treaty put an end to the Peruvian-Bolivian border dispute, and prevented an alliance between Bolivia and Chile against Peru. It also fixed some pending boundary issues with Argentina.

At the end of his term, he handed over the command of his party to his eventual successor, Ismael Montes, who won the general elections of 1913 and was inaugurated as president on August 14.[3] Villazón then traveled to Buenos Aires to work as Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Bolivia in Argentina.[5]

Later life and death[edit]

Twenty-six years after having left the presidency, Eliodoro Villazón died on September 12, 1939, in the city of Cochabamba at the age of ninety-one. It is also worth mentioning that Villazón became one of the four oldest presidents of Bolivia, along with Hugo Ballivián, Víctor Paz Estenssoro and Lidia Gueiler.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f M, I. (1910). Eliodoro Villazón, apreciaciones históricas de la actuación pública de este personaje boliviano (in Spanish). Impr. "Bolívar" de M. Pizarro.
  2. ^ a b Villazón, Eliodoro (1906). Discurso del primer vice-presidente de la República y presidente del H. Congreso Nacional, doctor Eliodoro Villazón, al clausurar las sesiones de la Legislatura del año 1905 (in Spanish). Imp. "El Diario".
  3. ^ a b c Walle, Paul (1914). Bolivia: Its People and Its Resources, Its Railways, Mines, and Rubber-forests. T. F. Unwin.
  4. ^ a b Commission, Peru-Bolivia Boundary; Britain), Royal Geographical Society (Great (1918). Peru-Bolivia Boundary Commission, 1911-1913: Reports of the British Officers of the Peruvian Commission, Diplomatic Memoranda and Maps of the Boundary Zone. Cambridge University Press.
  5. ^ a b c Basadre, Jorge (1983). Historia de la República del Perú, 1822-1933 (in Spanish). Editorial Universitaria.
  6. ^ a b Wright, Marie Robinson (1907). Bolivia: The Central Highway of South America, a Land of Rich Resources and Varied Interest. G. Barrie & sons.
  7. ^ Escobar, Hernán Alonso Altamirano (1991). El por qué del ávido expansionismo del Perú (in Spanish). Instituto Geográfico Militar. ISBN 978-9978-82-107-7.
  • Mesa José de; Gisbert, Teresa; and Carlos D. Mesa, "Historia De Bolivia", 3rd edition. pp. 505–509.
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