Northside (Jacksonville): Difference between revisions

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Add template{{R to section}} to categorize redirect using AWB
Tag: Removed redirect
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox settlement
#REDIRECT [[Neighborhoods of Jacksonville#Northside]]
|name=Northside
|official_name=
|other_name=North Jacksonville
|nickname=
|settlement_type=[[Neighborhoods of Jacksonville|Region of Jacksonville]]
|total_type=<!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
|motto=
<!-- images and maps ----------->
|image_skyline={{Photomontage
| photo1a=BlountIslandMarineTerminalJax.JPG
| photo1b=Jacksonville Zoo Asian Bamboo Garden.jpg
| photo2a=Maam Anna House Kingsley Plantation.jpg
| photo2b=An airplane being prepared for takeoff, Jacksonville International Airport.jpg
| photo3a=Big_Talbot_Island_State_Park_Beach.jpg
| size=295
| position=center
| color= white
| color_border = none
| border=3
| spacing = 2
}}
|image_caption= from the left, Blount Island Marine Terminal, Jacksonville Zoo Asian Bamboo Garden, Kingsley Plantation, Jacksonville International Airport and Big Talbot Island.
|image_flag=
|flag_size=
|image_sea=
|seal_size=
|image_shield=
|shield_size=
|image_blank_emblem=
|blank_emblem_type=
|blank_emblem_size=
|image_map=File:Jacksonville divisions.png
|mapsize = 260px
|map_caption = Approximation of the vernacular areas of Jacksonville:
<div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;">
{{legend|#000099|1. '''[[Urban Core (Jacksonville)|Urban core]]''' – city limits before [[Jacksonville Consolidation|Consolidation]]}}
{{legend|#984EA3|2. '''[[Arlington (Jacksonville)|Arlington]]'''}}
{{legend|#FF7F00|3. '''[[Southside (Jacksonville)|Southside]]'''}}
{{legend|#E41A1C|4. '''[[Westside (Jacksonville)|Westside]]'''}}
{{legend|#FFFF33|5. '''Northside'''}}
{{legend|#4DAF4A|6. '''[[Jacksonville Beaches|Beaches]]'''}}</div>
<!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States}}}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Florida}}
|subdivision_type2 =
|subdivision_name2 =
|subdivision_type3 = [[List of cities in Florida|City]]
|subdivision_name3 = {{flag|Jacksonville}}
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes=
|government_type=
|leader_title=[[Jacksonville City Council|City Council]]
|leader_name=
|leader_title1=[[Florida House of Representatives|Florida House]]
|leader_name1=[[Reggie Fullwood]]<br>[[Tracie Davis]]
|leader_title2= [[Florida Senate]]
|leader_name2=[[Aaron Bean]]<br>[[Audrey Gibson]]
|leader_title3=[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House]]
|leader_name3= [[Al Lawson]] (D)
|established_title=
|established_date=
<!-- Area --------------------->
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use tags-->
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|elevation_max_m =
|elevation_max_ft =
|elevation_min_m =
|elevation_min_ft =
<!-- Population ----------------------->
|population_as_of = 2017
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 156,001
|population_density_sq_mi =
<!-- General information --------------->
|timezone=
|utc_offset=
|timezone_DST=
|utc_offset_DST=
|coordinates = {{coord|30.321205|-81.551487|display=inline}}
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type=[[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code=32208, 32209, 32218, 32219, 32226
|area_code=[[Area code 904|904]]
|website=
|footnotes=
}}


The '''Northside''' is a large [[Vernacular geography|region]] of [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], [[Florida]], and is generally understood as a counterpart to the city's other large regions, the [[Urban Core (Jacksonville)|Urban Core]], [[Arlington (Jacksonville)|Arlington]], [[Southside (Jacksonville)|Southside]], [[Westside (Jacksonville)|Westside]], and the [[Jacksonville Beaches|Beaches]]. The expansive area consists of historic communities, cultural landmarks, protected ecosystems and vital transportation and logistics facilities, all fundamental to the history and development of Jacksonville.
{{R to section}}

The Northside was incorporated into the city in 1968 as a result the [[Jacksonville Consolidation]], a [[Consolidated city-county|city-county consolidation]] of the governments of the City of Jacksonville and [[Duval County, Florida|Duval County]]. The area houses a sizable share of the city's transportation and logistics infrastructure, including [[Jacksonville International Airport]], [[Jacksonville station]], [[JAXPORT Cruise Terminal]], [[Blount Island Marine Terminal]] and Dames Point Marine Terminal. The area is also home to the [[Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens]], which relocated to the Northside in 1925 and has since doubled in size. There is no consistent definition for what constitute the boundaries of the Northside, but studies have revealed the vernacular region to be considered roughly north of the [[Urban Core (Jacksonville)|Urban Core]] and [[Westside (Jacksonville)|Westside]] at 20th Street, and west and north of the [[St. Johns River]].

==History==
{{See also|History of Jacksonville, Florida}}
The Northside area has yielded some of the oldest known pottery from what is now the United States, uncovered by a [[University of North Florida]] team on [[Black Hammock Island]] in the [[Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve]].<ref name=FTU>{{cite news |title= The Mocama: New name for an old people|first= Matt|last= Soergel|newspaper= [[The Florida Times-Union]]|date= October 18, 2009 |url= http://jacksonville.com/news/metro/2009-10-18/story/the_mocama_new_name_for_an_old_people|accessdate=21 February 2020}}</ref> The team also excavated more recent artifacts contemporary with the Mocama chiefdoms and some that indicate a Spanish mission. Archaeological research dates human habitation in the area eventually known as the [[Mocama Province]] to at least 2500 BC.<ref name=Ashley2006>{{cite journal|last1=|author1=Keith Ashley|title=Colorinda and its Place in Northeastern Florida History|journal=The Florida Anthropologist|date=2006|volume=59|issue=2|page=94|url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00027829/00194/28|publisher=The Florida Anthropological Society}}</ref><ref name=Worth2007>{{cite book|author=John E. Worth|title=The Struggle for the Georgia Coast|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5gWyZbNRaoC&pg=PR12|date=4 February 2007|publisher=University of Alabama Press|isbn=978-0-8173-5411-4|page=12}}</ref>

Established near the mouth of the [[St. Johns River]], on [[Fort George Island]], [[San Juan del Puerto, Florida|San Juan del Puerto]] was a [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Franciscan]] [[Mission (station)|mission]], founded some time before 1587. It was founded to serve the [[Saturiwa]], a [[Timucua]] tribe who lived in the area. It has an important place in the study of the Timucua, as the place where Father [[Francisco Pareja]] undertook his work on the [[Timucua language]]. He devised a system of writing for Timucuan<ref name="Milanich1996">{{cite book|author=Jerald T. Milanich|title=Timucua|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gLN7Y7XFFU8C&pg=PA38|date=14 August 1996|publisher=VNR AG|isbn=978-1-55786-488-8|page=38}}</ref> and taught some of the Mocama. In 1612, he printed a [[catechism]] in Spanish and Timucua, the first book printed in an indigenous language of the Americas.<ref name="Sturtevant1978">{{cite book|author=William C. Sturtevant|title=Handbook of North American Indians: Languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-RnOijPup3YC&pg=PA18|year=1978|publisher=Government Printing Office|isbn=978-0-16-048774-3|page=18}}</ref> This became one of the three principal missions in what the Spanish called the Mocama Province, together with [[San Pedro de Mocama]] (serving the [[Tacatacuru]] chiefdom) on [[Cumberland Island]] and Santa Maria de Sena between them on [[Amelia Island]].<ref name=Worth2007></ref> After 1650, [[Guale]] refugees from the next chiefdom to the north along the (present-day) Georgia coast were settled at the mission. The Spanish abandoned the mission around 1702, partly in response to [[Raid (military)|raid]]s from Native Americans and allied [[English people|English]] [[Province of South Carolina|colonists from South Carolina]] during [[Queen Anne's War]].

The United Kingdom took ownership of Florida in 1763, and quickly established several plantations in the region. Richard Hazard owned the first plantation on Fort George Island in 1765, harvesting [[Indigo dye|indigo]] with several dozen enslaved Africans. Spain regained ownership of Florida in 1783 after the [[American Revolution]] and recruited new Americans with promises of free land.<ref>Stowell (1996), p. 27.</ref> In 1793, American Revolution veteran John McQueen was lured to Fort George Island from [[South Carolina]] by the Spanish government, which rewarded McQueen with the island. McQueen settled with 300 slaves and constructed a large house, but was soon bankrupt due to misfortunes. Possession of the plantation turned over to John McIntosh from Georgia, who revived it in 1804.<ref>Stowell and Tilford, pp. 4–6.</ref> McIntosh, however, took a leading role in an insurgency attempting to annex Florida into the United States. Unsuccessful, McIntosh fled back into Georgia to escape punishment from the Spanish.<ref>Stowell and Tilford, p. 7.</ref> [[Zephaniah Kingsley]] settled on Fort George Island in 1814, after leasing the estate from McIntosh. He purchased the land and buildings for $7,000 in 1817. Today, it is now known as [[Kingsley Plantation]]. Free blacks and several private owners lived at the plantation until it was transferred to the State of Florida in 1955. It was acquired by the National Park Service in 1991. The main house, kitchen and numerous slave quarters have survived.
[[File:1940 Census Enumeration District Maps - Florida - Duval County - Riverview-River Hills-Beverly Hills - ED 16-29 - NARA - 5829642.jpg|thumb|right|1940 Census Enumeration District Map of the Riverview neighborhood, and the surrounding communities]]
The Northside began to grow as a suburb of Jacksonville in the 19th century. Although the site of [[East Florida]]'s first steam-powered [[sawmill]], completed in 1828, major growth in Panama Park only came after 1905. In 1915, a new school was constructed, notably designed by architect [[Henry J. Klutho]]. By 1931, Panama Park was annexed by Jacksonville.<ref>Wood, p. 371.</ref> Tallulah-North Shore, a neighborhood adjacent to Panama Park, was first platted in 1879. The area was annexed by Jacksonville in 1925.<ref name="Jaxmag">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Ennis |title=North Shore: The Northside's Best Kept Secret |url=https://www.thejaxsonmag.com/article/north-shore-the-northsides-best-kept-secret/ |website=thejaxsonmag.com |publisher=The Jaxson Magazine |accessdate=21 February 2020 |date=July 17, 2017}}</ref> Riverview is a neighborhood bordered by the [[Trout River (Florida)|Trout River]] to the North and East, [[Ribault River|Ribault River]] to the South, and Ribault Ave to the West.<ref name="GoogleMapsRiverview">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Riverview,+Jacksonville,+FL+32208/@30.4075963,-81.6949087,2971m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x88e5b0795a7a9a89:0x46df704ead1d6d62!8m2!3d30.4068146!4d-81.6856804|title=Riverview, Jacksonville, FL|last=|first=|date=|website=Google Maps|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=||accessdate=21 February 2020}}</ref> Riverview was originally platted in 1911 by Dr. E.H. Armstrong. Dr. Armstrong also converted his 25-acre waterfront home property into Riverview Tropical Gardens, an attraction with boating, fishing and garden trails of roses, azaleas, and lilies.<ref name="TheJaxson">{{cite web|url=https://www.thejaxsonmag.com/article/neighborhoods-riverview/|title=Neighborhoods: Riverview|last1=Davis|first1=Ennis|date=July 24, 2018|website=thejaxsonmag.com|publisher=The Jaxson Magazine|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=21 February 2020}}</ref>. In 1979, the city purchased the land and converted the property into a public park.<ref name="COJRiverviewPark">{{cite web |title=COJ.net - Riverview Park |url=https://www.coj.net/departments/parks-and-recreation/recreation-and-community-programming/parks/riverview-park|accessdate=21 February 2020 |date=March 10, 2019}}</ref> On July 19, 1925, the [[Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens]] moved to a {{convert|37.5|acre|m2|adj=on}} site on the Trout River, off Heckscher Drive. The zoo had formerly operated in the Springfield neighborhood since May 12, 1914.

[[File:Imeson Airport.JPG|thumb|left|Imeson Airport]]
The Jacksonville Municipal Airport opened on October 11, 1927, at the intersection of North Main Street ([[U.S. Route 17 in Florida|U.S. 17]]) and Busch Drive. The dedication ceremony was notably attended by [[Charles Lindbergh]], who flew to Jacksonville in the "[[Spirit of St. Louis]]" to promote the new airport. Eastern Air Service (later known as [[Eastern Air Lines]]) was the first passenger airline to service Jacksonville, beginning in 1931. By 1941 the airport had expanded to {{convert|600|acre}} adding five hangars, a terminal building and five asphalt runways. The first scheduled jet flights were Northeast Convair 880s in April–May 1961. The facility was renamed after Thomas Cole Imeson in the 1950s. Imeson's work led to the creation of the Jacksonville Municipal Airport, as well as improvements to its runways, hangars and terminal buildings. Imeson Field served as the city's main airport for 42 years. [[Jacksonville International Airport]], also located on the Northside, was dedicated on September 1, 1968, replacing Imeson Field.

On October 1, 1968, the city and county governments merged to create the Consolidated City of Jacksonville, winning voter approval the year prior. Fire, police, health & welfare, recreation, public works, and housing & urban development were all unified under the new government. The consolidation created a 900-square-mile entity. [[Jacksonville Consolidation]] was led by [[J. J. Daniel]] and [[Claude Yates]], who found support from both inner-city blacks, who wanted more involvement in government after passage of the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]], that provided federal oversight and enforcement of their right to vote, and whites in the suburbs, who wanted more services and more control over the central city. Lower taxes, increased economic development, unification of the community, better public spending, and effective administration by a more central authority were all cited as reasons for a new consolidated government.<ref>{{cite web|title=Consolidation's Most Famous Photo |url=http://www.jaxhistory.com/journal11.html |work=Jax History Journal |publisher=Jacksonville Historical Society |accessdate=21 February 2020}}</ref>

Amtrak's Jacksonville station at the Clifford Lane facility has been in operation since 1974, when it replaced the downtown Union Station, now the [[Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center]].<ref>[http://www.metrojacksonville.com/article/2010-jan-lost-jacksonville-union-terminal Lost Jacksonville: Union Terminal]</ref> It currently serves the ''[[Silver Meteor]]'' and ''[[Silver Star (Amtrak train)|Silver Star]]'' trains as well as the [[Thruway Motorcoach]] to [[Lakeland, Florida|Lakeland]]. Other services once used this station, including the ''[[Champion (train)|Champion]],'' ''[[Floridian (train)|Floridian]],'' ''[[Florida Special (train)|Florida Special]],'' ''[[Palmetto (Amtrak)|Palmetto]],'' ''[[Silver Palm (train)|Silver Palm]],'' ''[[Sunset Limited]]'' and ''[[Vacationer (train)|Vacationer]].'' In 2004 the ''Palmetto'''s route was shortened to end in [[Savannah station (Amtrak)|Savannah, Georgia]] and in 2005 the ''[[Sunset Limited]]'' was shortened to end at the [[New Orleans Union Passenger Terminal]] as a result of [[Hurricane Katrina]]. However, the ''Sunset Limited'' has been proposed to return in the future.<ref>http://wuwf.org/post/inspection-train-determine-future-passenger-rail-along-gulf-coast#stream/0</ref>

Construction of the [[Dames Point Bridge]] began in 1985 and was completed in 1989. The bridge crosses the [[St. Johns River]] using a [[Cable-stayed bridge|cable-stayed]] design, connecting Arlington to the [[Northside (Jacksonville)|Northside]] of Jacksonville. designed by [[HNTB|HNTB Corporation]] and [[Reynolds, Smith & Hills|RS&H, Inc]], and constructed by The Massman Construction Company, the main span is {{convert|1300|ft|1}}, and is {{convert|175|ft|1}} high.<ref name=mark>{{cite web |first=Larry |last=Hannan |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Dames Point bridge reaches 20-year mark |url=http://www.jacksonville.com/news/metro/2009-03-10/story/dames_point_bridge_reaches_20-year_mark |work=[[The Florida Times-Union]] |publisher= |date=March 10, 2009 |accessdate=21 February 2020}}</ref> Upon completion, it was longest concrete cable-stayed bridge in the world.<ref>{{cite web |first=Teresa |last=Stepzinski |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Dames Point bridge spans 25 years, uniting city, sparking growth |url=http://jacksonville.com/news/metro/2014-03-09/story/dames-point-bridge-spans-25-years-uniting-city-sparking-growth |work= |publisher=[[The Florida Times-Union]] |date=March 9, 2014 |accessdate=21 February 2020}}</ref>

Opening in 2003, the JAXPORT Cruise Terminal was completed in only six months, and was intended to be a temporary structure. Maintained by the [[Jacksonville Port Authority]], the [[cruise ships|cruise ship]] [[Dock (maritime)|terminal]] is located near the [[Dames Point Bridge]], on the northern banks of the St. Johns River.<ref>[http://www.jaxport.com/sea/c_terminal.cfm "Cruise Terminal"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221175756/http://www.jaxport.com/sea/c_terminal.cfm |date=2007-02-21 }} Jacksonville Port Authority, Cruise Terminal</ref> [[Celebrity Cruises]] began regular service from Jacksonville on October 27, 2003, discontinuing service in 2005.<ref name=HIST>[http://www.jaxport.com/about/history/history.html "Jacksonville: America's First Port"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505191848/http://www.jaxport.com/about/history/history.html |date=2009-05-05 }} Jaxport</ref> The ship [[Carnival Miracle]] was christened at the Port of Jacksonville on February 27, 2004, beginning Jacksonville service by [[Carnival Cruise Lines]].<ref>[http://www.news4jax.com/travelgetaways/2880667/detail.html "'Miracle,' Passengers Leave On Maiden Voyage"] News4Jax, February 27, 2004.</ref> Five cruise ships were chartered to serve as floating hotels during the week preceding [[Super Bowl XXXIX]] in February 2005. Four of the vessels docked at JAXPORT terminals, providing over 3,500 rooms plus restaurants and night clubs for fans.<ref>[http://jacksonville.com/superbowl/cruiseships/ "Super Bowl XXXIX cruise ships"] Florida Times-Union, January 2005</ref> As of 2019, cruises from Jacksonville visit the [[Bahamas]] and [[Eastern Caribbean]] onboard the [[Carnival Ecstasy]].<ref>[https://www.carnival.com/cruise-from/jacksonville.aspx Cruises from Jacksonville FL] Carnival Cruiseline. Retrieved 20 February 2020.</ref>

River City Marketplace opened on November 17, 2006 as the only quasi-regional [[Shopping mall|outdoor shopping mall]] in the Northside, and the only one north of the [[St. Johns River]]. The {{convert|125|acre|km2|adj=on}} shopping district is located south of Airport Road on the east side of [[Interstate 95]], two miles (3&nbsp;km) east of [[Jacksonville International Airport]]. When Phase II is fully built out, the project will have cost over $300 million to build and boast more than 100 retailers.
<ref>{{cite web |title=Simon finishes $10 million renovation of The Avenues |url=http://jacksonville.bizjournals.com/jacksonville/stories/2005/04/04/daily30.html |publisher=Jacksonville Business Journal |date=Apr 8, 2005|accessdate=21 February 2020}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{See also|Geography of Jacksonville}}
Together with the Urban Core, Arlington, Southside, Westside and the Beaches, Northside is considered one of the large regions of Jacksonville, and the remaining municipalities in Duval County. As the name would suggest, the Northside consist of areas in northern Jacksonville, but there is no consistent definition for what constitute the boundaries of the region. The geographer John W. McEwen determined, using a [[Geographic Information System]] to sort names of 47 businesses with "Northside" in their name, that the area is roughly considered to be north of the [[Urban Core (Jacksonville)|Urban Core]] and north of [[Westside (Jacksonville)|Westside]] at 20th Street, and stretching west and north of the [[St. Johns River]].<ref name=McEwen>McEwen, John W. 2007. "The Vernacular Neighborhoods of Jacksonville, Florida: Can GIS Help Determine their Boundaries?" ''The Florida Geographer'', Vol. 38: 54–71.</ref>

The [[Trout River (Florida)|Trout River]] is one of the most defining geographic feature of the Northside. The {{convert|20|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} long [[tributary]] of the [[St. Johns River]] is located entirely within [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville's]] Northside, and is considered [[brackish]] in its lower section.<ref name=NHD>U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. [http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ The National Map], accessed February 20, 2020</ref> The Trout River has [[wetlands]] as far as the [[estuary|mouth]] of the river's longest tributary, the [[Ribault River]]. A notable feature itself, the Ribault River is named after [[Jean Ribault]], a [[France|French]] naval officer. The river's [[headwaters]] are near Old Kings Road at an elevation of {{convert|7|ft}} above sea level. The river cuts through the forest floor near its source, that portion of the river being classified as a [[stream|creek]]. The river flows northward, as does the [[St. Johns River]] and many of the other tributaries of the Trout River. The river is {{convert|6.4|mi}} long.<ref name=NHD>U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. [http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ The National Map], accessed February 20, 2020</ref> Black Hammock Island is an island in a marsh area at the edge of [[Jacksonville, Florida]], in the United States. It lies almost directly adjacent to the [[Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve]]. Cedar Point is located At the south end of Black Hammock Island.<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/timu/learn/historyculture/cedarpoint.htm Cedar Point]</ref>

===Neighborhoods===
{{Main|Neighborhoods of Jacksonville, Florida}}
There are numerous neighborhoods located within the vast area of the Northside. These include, but are not limited to, Black Hammock Island, Brentwood, Dinsmore, Fort George Island, Garden City, Highlands, Lake Forest, Longbranch, Moncrief Park, Norwood, Panama Park, Pecan Park, Oceanway, Ribault, Riverview, Royal Terrance, San Mateo and Tallulah-North Shore.

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Ribault Club on Fort George Island.jpg|[[Fort George Island]]
File:Northshorehomejax.jpg|[[Tallulah-North Shore]]
File:Rathel House on Trout River Blvd, Jacksonville, Florida 1944.jpg|[[Neighborhoods of Jacksonville#Riverview|Riverview]]
</gallery>

===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], the Northside has a [[humid subtropical climate]], with hot humid summers, and warm to mild and drier winters. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September, when brief but intense downpours with thunder and lightning are common, while the driest months are from November through April. Rainfall averages around {{convert|52|in|mm}} a year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jax/?n=climate|title=NWS Jacksonville, FL [Climate Page]|work=noaa.gov}}</ref> Normal monthly mean temperatures range from {{convert|53.1|°F|1}} in January to {{convert|82.3|°F|1}} in July; high temperatures average {{convert|64|to|92|°F|°C}} throughout the year.<ref name= NOAA/> High [[heat index|heat indices]] are common for the summer months in the area, with indices above {{convert|110|°F|1}} possible. The highest temperature recorded was {{convert|104|°F}} on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872.<ref name=Extremes/> The city of Jacksonville averages only about 10 to 15 nights at or below freezing. Such cold weather is usually short lived.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/min32temp.html|title=NOAA/National Climatic Data Center: Table-Mean Number of Days With Minimum Temperature 32 Degrees F or Less |publisher=Lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov |date=August 20, 2008 |accessdate=July 1, 2010 }}</ref> The coldest temperature recorded at [[Jacksonville International Airport]] was {{convert|7|°F|0}} on [[January 1985 Arctic outbreak|January 21, 1985]]. Jacksonville has recorded three days with measurable snow since 1911, most recently a one-inch (2.5&nbsp;cm) snowfall in December 1989 <ref>{{cite web |title= Five Weirdest White Christmases: #3 Florida/Southeast (1989) |first= Jonathan |last= Erdman |work= The Weather Channel |date= November 14, 2011 |url= http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/news/articles/white-christmas-five-strangest_2011-11-14?page=4 }}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = the Northside ([[Jacksonville International Airport|Jacksonville Int'l]]), 1981−2010 normals,{{efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.}} extremes 1871−present{{efn|Official records for Jacksonville were kept at downtown from September 1871 to December 1955, [[Imeson Field]] from January 1, 1956 to January 18, 1971, and at Jacksonville Int'l since January 19, 1971. For more information, see [http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ Threaded Station Extremes].}}
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high F = 85
|Feb record high F = 88
|Mar record high F = 91
|Apr record high F = 95
|May record high F = 100
|Jun record high F = 103
|Jul record high F = 104
|Aug record high F = 102
|Sep record high F = 99
|Oct record high F = 95
|Nov record high F = 89
|Dec record high F = 84

|Jan avg record high F =79.7
|Feb avg record high F =82.2
|Mar avg record high F =85.6
|Apr avg record high F =89.7
|May avg record high F =93.8
|Jun avg record high F =97.0
|Jul avg record high F =97.9
|Aug avg record high F =96.4
|Sep avg record high F =93.5
|Oct avg record high F =89.3
|Nov avg record high F =84.1
|Dec avg record high F =80.9
|year avg record high F=98.8
|Jan high F = 64.8
|Feb high F = 68.2
|Mar high F = 73.7
|Apr high F = 79.2
|May high F = 85.5
|Jun high F = 89.9
|Jul high F = 92.0
|Aug high F = 90.9
|Sep high F = 86.9
|Oct high F = 80.4
|Nov high F = 73.5
|Dec high F = 66.6
|year high F= 79.3
|Jan low F = 41.4
|Feb low F = 44.7
|Mar low F = 49.7
|Apr low F = 54.7
|May low F = 62.7
|Jun low F = 70.0
|Jul low F = 72.6
|Aug low F = 72.7
|Sep low F = 69.5
|Oct low F = 60.5
|Nov low F = 50.9
|Dec low F = 43.9
|year low F= 57.8
|Jan avg record low F = 23.7
|Feb avg record low F = 27.5
|Mar avg record low F = 32.3
|Apr avg record low F = 39.4
|May avg record low F = 50.3
|Jun avg record low F = 61.5
|Jul avg record low F = 67.4
|Aug avg record low F = 67.6
|Sep avg record low F = 59.4
|Oct avg record low F = 43.8
|Nov avg record low F = 33.5
|Dec avg record low F = 26.9
|year avg record low F= 21.6
|Jan record low F = 7
|Feb record low F = 10
|Mar record low F = 23
|Apr record low F = 31
|May record low F = 45
|Jun record low F = 47
|Jul record low F = 61
|Aug record low F = 63
|Sep record low F = 48
|Oct record low F = 33
|Nov record low F = 21
|Dec record low F = 11
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.30
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.19
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.95
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.64
|May precipitation inch = 2.48
|Jun precipitation inch = 6.45
|Jul precipitation inch = 6.55
|Aug precipitation inch = 6.80
|Sep precipitation inch = 8.19
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.93
|Nov precipitation inch = 2.11
|Dec precipitation inch = 2.80
|year precipitation inch=52.39
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 8.3
|Feb precipitation days = 7.6
|Mar precipitation days = 8.2
|Apr precipitation days = 5.7
|May precipitation days = 6.4
|Jun precipitation days = 13.9
|Jul precipitation days = 13.8
|Aug precipitation days = 15.0
|Sep precipitation days = 12.2
|Oct precipitation days = 8.2
|Nov precipitation days = 6.8
|Dec precipitation days = 7.4
|year precipitation days=113.5
|Jan humidity = 74.9
|Feb humidity = 72.2
|Mar humidity = 71.2
|Apr humidity = 69.5
|May humidity = 72.7
|Jun humidity = 76.8
|Jul humidity = 77.7
|Aug humidity = 80.3
|Sep humidity = 80.8
|Oct humidity = 78.6
|Nov humidity = 77.7
|Dec humidity = 76.7
|year humidity = 75.8
|Jan sun = 189.4
|Feb sun = 193.8
|Mar sun = 257.9
|Apr sun = 286.4
|May sun = 303.9
|Jun sun = 283.6
|Jul sun = 282.0
|Aug sun = 262.4
|Sep sun = 228.2
|Oct sun = 214.6
|Nov sun = 193.9
|Dec sun = 183.6
|year sun=2879.7
|Jan percentsun = 59
|Feb percentsun = 62
|Mar percentsun = 69
|Apr percentsun = 74
|May percentsun = 72
|Jun percentsun = 67
|Jul percentsun = 65
|Aug percentsun = 64
|Sep percentsun = 62
|Oct percentsun = 61
|Nov percentsun = 61
|Dec percentsun = 58
|year percentsun =65
|source 1 = NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)<ref name = Extremes >
{{cite web
|url=http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/
|title=Threaded Extremes
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration }}</ref><ref name= NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=jax
|title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
|accessdate = February 20, 2020}}</ref><ref name="NOAA txt">
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00013889.normals.txt
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | title = FL Jacksonville
| accessdate = February 20, 2020}}</ref><ref name= NOAA2>
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72206.TXT
| title = WMO climate normals for Jacksonville/WSO AP, FL 1961−1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = February 20, 2020}}</ref>
|date=January 2012
}}

===Parks and public spaces===
{{See also|List of parks in Jacksonville|Florida State Parks|National Park Service}}
The Northside has a various lands protected lands operated by the [[National Park Service]], [[Florida State Parks]] and the City of Jacksonville Department of Parks and Recreation. Jacksonville operates the largest urban park system in the United States, providing facilities and services at more than 337 locations on more than {{convert|80000|acre|km2}} located throughout the city and the Northside area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coj.net/Departments/Recreation+and+Community+Services/Recreation+and+Community+Programming/default.htm |title=Recreation and Community Services |accessdate=February 20, 2020}}</ref> The [[Timucuan Preserve]] is a U.S. [[National Preserve]] comprising over {{convert|46000|acre}} of [[wetland]]s and waterways. It includes natural and historic areas such as the [[Fort Caroline National Memorial]] and the [[Kingsley Plantation]], the oldest standing plantation in the state. There are several state parks within the Northside, these include [[Big Talbot Island State Park]], [[Fort George Island Cultural State Park]], [[George Crady Bridge Fishing Pier State Park]], [[Little Talbot Island State Park]], [[Pumpkin Hill Creek Preserve State Park]] and [[Yellow Bluff Fort Historic State Park]]. [[Evergreen Cemetery (Jacksonville, Florida)|Evergreen Cemetery]] is a large historic cemetery added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on April 8, 2011.<ref name=evergreenjax>{{cite web|title=History & Growth of Evergreen|url=http://www.evergreenjax.com/history/|publisher=evergreenjax.com|accessdate= February 20, 2020}}</ref><ref name=metro>{{cite web|title=Evergreen Cemetery|url=http://www.metrojacksonville.com/article/2008-oct-evergreen-cemetery|publisher=metrojacsonville.com|accessdate=February 20, 2020}}</ref><ref name=jacksonville>{{cite web|last=Johnson|first=Hillary|title=evergreen cemetery|url=http://www.eujacksonville.com/pages/10-25-07/evergreencemetary.htm|publisher=eujacksonville.com|accessdate=February 20, 2020}}</ref>
* [[Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens]] houses over 2,400 rare and exotic animals and over 1,500 unique plant species and participates in many preservation and breeding programs to ensure the survival of endangered and threatened species as well as local fauna and flora.
* [[Jacksonville National Cemetery]]
* [[East Coast Greenway]]

==Education==
{{See also|Education in Jacksonville}}
The [[Duval County Public Schools]] district operates public schools, including [[Andrew Jackson High School (Jacksonville)|Andrew Jackson High School]], [[Jean Ribault High School]] and [[First Coast High School]], in the Northside area.

===Higher education===
Established in 1970, the North Campus of [[Florida State College at Jacksonville]] is one of four campuses located throughout the city, the other being the Downtown Campus, Kent Campus, and South Campus. In 2009, in recognition of a shortage of four-year colleges in the state, the [[Florida Legislature]] passed legislation creating the [[Florida College System]], enabling some [[community colleges]] to become "[[state colleges]]", meaning they can offer more [[bachelor's degrees]] than traditional community colleges, but no [[graduate degree]] programs. FCCJ was one of the first community colleges to make the change, and, also in 2009, announced the change to their "Florida Community College at Jacksonville" to their current name, "Florida State College at Jacksonville".<ref name="aasen">{{cite news |title= New name: FCCJ to be Florida State College at Jacksonville|first= Adam |last= Aasen |newspaper= [[The Florida Times-Union]]|date= March 4, 2009 |url=http://jacksonville.com/news/metro/2009-03-03/story/fccj_or_fscj_name_change_being_voted_on |accessdate=February 20, 2020}}</ref>located off Dunn Avenue, near I-295, it houses many of FSCJ's health programs, including [[nursing]], [[dental hygiene]], and [[emergency medical services]]. North Campus also includes the Culinary Institute of the South, a [[culinary school]] with its own restaurant, and a [[cosmetology]] program. The North Campus includes [[baseball]], [[softball]], and [[soccer]] facilities.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.fscj.edu/mydegree/campuses/north/index.php |title= North Campus |year= 2013 |work= www.fscj.edu |publisher= Florida State College at Jacksonville |accessdate= February 20, 2020}}</ref>

==Transportation==
{{See also|Transportation in Jacksonville}}
===Airports===
[[File:Jacksonville Int'l.JPG|thumb|upright|right|[[Jacksonville International Airport]]]]
{{main|Jacksonville Aviation Authority}}
[[Jacksonville International Airport]] {{airport codes|JAX|KJAX|JAX}} is a major regional passenger air service provider, featuring non-stop flights to dozens of major US cities. The facility opened on Jacksonville's Northside in 1968. Commercial air service at [[Imeson Field]], also located in the Northside, ceased operations. The airport covers {{convert|7911|acre|ha}} and has two concrete [[runway]]s: 8/26, 10,000 x 150&nbsp;ft (3,048 x 46 m) and 14/32, 7,701 x 150&nbsp;ft (2,347 x 46 m).<ref name=FAA /> The [[Airport terminal|terminal]] at JIA is composed of a baggage claim area, on the first floor and a ticketing area on the second floor, at the front of the structure. Past baggage claim and ticketing is the mezzanine, where shops, restaurants and the security checkpoint are located. Beyond the mezzanine are the airport's Concourses A and C, which include 10 [[Gate (airport)|gates]] each (for a total of 20), along with other shops and restaurants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Terminal Maps |url=http://www.flyjacksonville.com/content.aspx?id=21 |website=Jacksonville International Airport |accessdate=June 13, 2014}}</ref> In 2018, the airport handled 6,460,253 passengers, breaking the previous record set in 2007.<ref>{{cite press release |title=JAX Sets New Record for Annual Passenger Traffic |url=http://flyjacksonville.com/jetstream/jax-sets-new-record-for-annual-passenger-traffic |date=January 24, 2019 |publisher=Jacksonville Aviation Authority |accessdate=January 21, 2020}}</ref> This increase in traffic prompted the JAA to revive the plan to rebuild concourse B.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.jaxdailyrecord.com/article/with-traffic-surging-jacksonville-international-airport-adding-3rd-concourse |title=With traffic surging, Jacksonville International Airport adding 3rd concourse |first=Caren |last=Burmeister |newspaper=Jacksonville Daily Record |date=1 March 2019 |access-date=17 May 2019}}</ref> The new concourse could open as early as 2022, providing six additional gates and could be expanded later with six more.<ref name="timeunion1"/> The design of concourses A and C also allow them to be extended to accommodate additional gates. In 2019, RS&H and [[Jacobs Engineering Group|Jacobs Engineering]] were chosen to perform the design, while [[Balfour Beatty]] was selected as the construction manager for the concourse B project.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/jacksonville/news/2019/05/02/jaa-selects-design-team-for-new-concourse.html |title=JAA selects design team for new concourse |first=Allison |last=Colburn |newspaper=[[American City Business Journals|Jacksonville Business Journal]] |date=2 May 2019 |access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref>

===Highways===
Major [[limited access]] highways:
*[[Image:I-95.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 95 in Florida|Interstate 95]] routes north to [[Washington, D.C.]] and runs south to [[Miami, Florida|Miami]].
*[[Image:I-295.svg|31px]] [[Interstate 295 (Florida)|Interstate 295]] serves as a beltway routing around the city and connects to all of the interstate highways.

Major arterial highways:
*[[Image:US 1.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 1 in Florida|US 1]]
*[[Image:US 17.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 17 in Florida|US 17]]
*[[Image:US 23.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 23 in Florida|US 23]]
*[[Image:Florida 115.svg|31px]] [[Florida State Road 115|State Road 115]]
*[[Image:Florida A1A.svg|31px]] [[Florida State Road A1A|State Road A1A]] Scenic two-lane road that runs along the [[Atlantic Ocean]].

===Ferries===
The Saint Johns River Ferry, also known as the Mayport Ferry, has been operating between [[Mayport]] and [[Fort George Island]] since 1874. The {{convert|0.9|mi}} voyage crosses the [[Saint Johns River]] about {{convert|2.5|mi}} inland of the river's mouth and travels in an east-west direction for approximately {{convert|2000|ft}} on [[Florida State Road A1A|State Road A1A]]. Departures still occur daily every half-hour.<ref>[http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030193/1894-01-25/ed-4/seq-1/;words=Mayport+ferry?date1=1836&rows=20&searchType=basic&state=&date2=1922&proxtext=mayport+ferry&dateFilterType=yearRange&index=3 1874]</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal bar|Florida}}
* [[Neighborhoods of Jacksonville]]
* [[Architecture of Jacksonville]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Duval County, Florida]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Further reading===
*{{cite web |url= http://www.coj.net/Departments/Office-of-Economic-Development/Docs/Downtown-Development/1--jacksonville-master-plansmall-copy.aspx |title= Celebrating the River: A Plan for Downtown Jacksonville |format=PDF |year= 2000 |work= www.coj.net |publisher= City of Jacksonville |pages= 34–35 |accessdate= March 4, 2014}}
*{{cite journal |last1= McEwen|first1= John W.|year= 2007 |title= The Vernacular Neighborhoods of Jacksonville, Florida: Can GIS Help Determine their Boundaries? |journal= The Florida Geographer|volume= 38 |issue= |pages= 54–71 |publisher= |doi= |url= |accessdate= }}
*{{cite book |last= Ward |first= James Robertson |title= Old Hickory's Town |year= 1985 |publisher= Old Hickory's Town, Inc.|location= |isbn= |asin= B000OL8E9O |page= |pages=}}
*{{cite book |title= Jacksonville's Architectural Heritage |last= Wood |first= Wayne |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 1992|publisher= [[University Press of Florida]] |location= |isbn= 0-8130-0953-7|page= |pages= |url= |accessdate=}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|commons=Category:Northside, Jacksonville|voy=Northside, Jacksonville}}
* [https://www.coj.net/departments/neighborhoods/housing-and-community-development/neighborhood-initiatives-(1)/citizen-planning-advisory-committees-(cpacs)/cpac-district-6--north.aspx Citizens Planning Advisory Committee]
* [http://www.coj.net/departments/sheriffs-office/patrol-division/zone-2.aspx Jacksonville Sheriff's Office - Zone 2]
* [https://www.visitjacksonville.com/areas/northside-airport/ Visit Jacksonville - Northside]
* [http://www.northcouncil.org/home North Council for the JAX Chamber]

{{City of Jacksonville}}
{{Neighborhoods of Jacksonville}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Northside, Jacksonville}}
[[Category:Northside, Jacksonville| ]]
[[Category:Neighborhoods in Jacksonville, Florida]]

Revision as of 04:35, 21 February 2020

Northside
North Jacksonville
Region of Jacksonville
from the left, Blount Island Marine Terminal, Jacksonville Zoo Asian Bamboo Garden, Kingsley Plantation, Jacksonville International Airport and Big Talbot Island.
Approximation of the vernacular areas of Jacksonville:
  1. Urban core – city limits before Consolidation
  2. Arlington
  3. Southside
  4. Westside
  5. Northside
  6. Beaches
Coordinates: 30°19′16″N 81°33′05″W / 30.321205°N 81.551487°W / 30.321205; -81.551487
Country United States
State Florida
City Jacksonville
Government
 • Florida HouseReggie Fullwood
Tracie Davis
 • Florida SenateAaron Bean
Audrey Gibson
 • U.S. HouseAl Lawson (D)
Population
 (2017)
 • Total156,001
ZIP Code
32208, 32209, 32218, 32219, 32226
Area code904

The Northside is a large region of Jacksonville, Florida, and is generally understood as a counterpart to the city's other large regions, the Urban Core, Arlington, Southside, Westside, and the Beaches. The expansive area consists of historic communities, cultural landmarks, protected ecosystems and vital transportation and logistics facilities, all fundamental to the history and development of Jacksonville.

The Northside was incorporated into the city in 1968 as a result the Jacksonville Consolidation, a city-county consolidation of the governments of the City of Jacksonville and Duval County. The area houses a sizable share of the city's transportation and logistics infrastructure, including Jacksonville International Airport, Jacksonville station, JAXPORT Cruise Terminal, Blount Island Marine Terminal and Dames Point Marine Terminal. The area is also home to the Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens, which relocated to the Northside in 1925 and has since doubled in size. There is no consistent definition for what constitute the boundaries of the Northside, but studies have revealed the vernacular region to be considered roughly north of the Urban Core and Westside at 20th Street, and west and north of the St. Johns River.

History

See also: History of Jacksonville, Florida

The Northside area has yielded some of the oldest known pottery from what is now the United States, uncovered by a University of North Florida team on Black Hammock Island in the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve.[1] The team also excavated more recent artifacts contemporary with the Mocama chiefdoms and some that indicate a Spanish mission. Archaeological research dates human habitation in the area eventually known as the Mocama Province to at least 2500 BC.[2][3]

Established near the mouth of the St. Johns River, on Fort George Island, San Juan del Puerto was a Spanish Franciscan mission, founded some time before 1587. It was founded to serve the Saturiwa, a Timucua tribe who lived in the area. It has an important place in the study of the Timucua, as the place where Father Francisco Pareja undertook his work on the Timucua language. He devised a system of writing for Timucuan[4] and taught some of the Mocama. In 1612, he printed a catechism in Spanish and Timucua, the first book printed in an indigenous language of the Americas.[5] This became one of the three principal missions in what the Spanish called the Mocama Province, together with San Pedro de Mocama (serving the Tacatacuru chiefdom) on Cumberland Island and Santa Maria de Sena between them on Amelia Island.[3] After 1650, Guale refugees from the next chiefdom to the north along the (present-day) Georgia coast were settled at the mission. The Spanish abandoned the mission around 1702, partly in response to raids from Native Americans and allied English colonists from South Carolina during Queen Anne's War.

The United Kingdom took ownership of Florida in 1763, and quickly established several plantations in the region. Richard Hazard owned the first plantation on Fort George Island in 1765, harvesting indigo with several dozen enslaved Africans. Spain regained ownership of Florida in 1783 after the American Revolution and recruited new Americans with promises of free land.[6] In 1793, American Revolution veteran John McQueen was lured to Fort George Island from South Carolina by the Spanish government, which rewarded McQueen with the island. McQueen settled with 300 slaves and constructed a large house, but was soon bankrupt due to misfortunes. Possession of the plantation turned over to John McIntosh from Georgia, who revived it in 1804.[7] McIntosh, however, took a leading role in an insurgency attempting to annex Florida into the United States. Unsuccessful, McIntosh fled back into Georgia to escape punishment from the Spanish.[8] Zephaniah Kingsley settled on Fort George Island in 1814, after leasing the estate from McIntosh. He purchased the land and buildings for $7,000 in 1817. Today, it is now known as Kingsley Plantation. Free blacks and several private owners lived at the plantation until it was transferred to the State of Florida in 1955. It was acquired by the National Park Service in 1991. The main house, kitchen and numerous slave quarters have survived.

1940 Census Enumeration District Map of the Riverview neighborhood, and the surrounding communities

The Northside began to grow as a suburb of Jacksonville in the 19th century. Although the site of East Florida's first steam-powered sawmill, completed in 1828, major growth in Panama Park only came after 1905. In 1915, a new school was constructed, notably designed by architect Henry J. Klutho. By 1931, Panama Park was annexed by Jacksonville.[9] Tallulah-North Shore, a neighborhood adjacent to Panama Park, was first platted in 1879. The area was annexed by Jacksonville in 1925.[10] Riverview is a neighborhood bordered by the Trout River to the North and East, Ribault River to the South, and Ribault Ave to the West.[11] Riverview was originally platted in 1911 by Dr. E.H. Armstrong. Dr. Armstrong also converted his 25-acre waterfront home property into Riverview Tropical Gardens, an attraction with boating, fishing and garden trails of roses, azaleas, and lilies.[12]. In 1979, the city purchased the land and converted the property into a public park.[13] On July 19, 1925, the Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens moved to a 37.5-acre (152,000 m2) site on the Trout River, off Heckscher Drive. The zoo had formerly operated in the Springfield neighborhood since May 12, 1914.

Imeson Airport

The Jacksonville Municipal Airport opened on October 11, 1927, at the intersection of North Main Street (U.S. 17) and Busch Drive. The dedication ceremony was notably attended by Charles Lindbergh, who flew to Jacksonville in the "Spirit of St. Louis" to promote the new airport. Eastern Air Service (later known as Eastern Air Lines) was the first passenger airline to service Jacksonville, beginning in 1931. By 1941 the airport had expanded to 600 acres (240 ha) adding five hangars, a terminal building and five asphalt runways. The first scheduled jet flights were Northeast Convair 880s in April–May 1961. The facility was renamed after Thomas Cole Imeson in the 1950s. Imeson's work led to the creation of the Jacksonville Municipal Airport, as well as improvements to its runways, hangars and terminal buildings. Imeson Field served as the city's main airport for 42 years. Jacksonville International Airport, also located on the Northside, was dedicated on September 1, 1968, replacing Imeson Field.

On October 1, 1968, the city and county governments merged to create the Consolidated City of Jacksonville, winning voter approval the year prior. Fire, police, health & welfare, recreation, public works, and housing & urban development were all unified under the new government. The consolidation created a 900-square-mile entity. Jacksonville Consolidation was led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates, who found support from both inner-city blacks, who wanted more involvement in government after passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, that provided federal oversight and enforcement of their right to vote, and whites in the suburbs, who wanted more services and more control over the central city. Lower taxes, increased economic development, unification of the community, better public spending, and effective administration by a more central authority were all cited as reasons for a new consolidated government.[14]

Amtrak's Jacksonville station at the Clifford Lane facility has been in operation since 1974, when it replaced the downtown Union Station, now the Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center.[15] It currently serves the Silver Meteor and Silver Star trains as well as the Thruway Motorcoach to Lakeland. Other services once used this station, including the Champion, Floridian, Florida Special, Palmetto, Silver Palm, Sunset Limited and Vacationer. In 2004 the Palmetto's route was shortened to end in Savannah, Georgia and in 2005 the Sunset Limited was shortened to end at the New Orleans Union Passenger Terminal as a result of Hurricane Katrina. However, the Sunset Limited has been proposed to return in the future.[16]

Construction of the Dames Point Bridge began in 1985 and was completed in 1989. The bridge crosses the St. Johns River using a cable-stayed design, connecting Arlington to the Northside of Jacksonville. designed by HNTB Corporation and RS&H, Inc, and constructed by The Massman Construction Company, the main span is 1,300 feet (396.2 m), and is 175 feet (53.3 m) high.[17] Upon completion, it was longest concrete cable-stayed bridge in the world.[18]

Opening in 2003, the JAXPORT Cruise Terminal was completed in only six months, and was intended to be a temporary structure. Maintained by the Jacksonville Port Authority, the cruise ship terminal is located near the Dames Point Bridge, on the northern banks of the St. Johns River.[19] Celebrity Cruises began regular service from Jacksonville on October 27, 2003, discontinuing service in 2005.[20] The ship Carnival Miracle was christened at the Port of Jacksonville on February 27, 2004, beginning Jacksonville service by Carnival Cruise Lines.[21] Five cruise ships were chartered to serve as floating hotels during the week preceding Super Bowl XXXIX in February 2005. Four of the vessels docked at JAXPORT terminals, providing over 3,500 rooms plus restaurants and night clubs for fans.[22] As of 2019, cruises from Jacksonville visit the Bahamas and Eastern Caribbean onboard the Carnival Ecstasy.[23]

River City Marketplace opened on November 17, 2006 as the only quasi-regional outdoor shopping mall in the Northside, and the only one north of the St. Johns River. The 125-acre (0.51 km2) shopping district is located south of Airport Road on the east side of Interstate 95, two miles (3 km) east of Jacksonville International Airport. When Phase II is fully built out, the project will have cost over $300 million to build and boast more than 100 retailers. [24]

Geography

See also: Geography of Jacksonville

Together with the Urban Core, Arlington, Southside, Westside and the Beaches, Northside is considered one of the large regions of Jacksonville, and the remaining municipalities in Duval County. As the name would suggest, the Northside consist of areas in northern Jacksonville, but there is no consistent definition for what constitute the boundaries of the region. The geographer John W. McEwen determined, using a Geographic Information System to sort names of 47 businesses with "Northside" in their name, that the area is roughly considered to be north of the Urban Core and north of Westside at 20th Street, and stretching west and north of the St. Johns River.[25]

The Trout River is one of the most defining geographic feature of the Northside. The 20-mile-long (32 km) long tributary of the St. Johns River is located entirely within Jacksonville's Northside, and is considered brackish in its lower section.[26] The Trout River has wetlands as far as the mouth of the river's longest tributary, the Ribault River. A notable feature itself, the Ribault River is named after Jean Ribault, a French naval officer. The river's headwaters are near Old Kings Road at an elevation of 7 feet (2.1 m) above sea level. The river cuts through the forest floor near its source, that portion of the river being classified as a creek. The river flows northward, as does the St. Johns River and many of the other tributaries of the Trout River. The river is 6.4 miles (10.3 km) long.[26] Black Hammock Island is an island in a marsh area at the edge of Jacksonville, Florida, in the United States. It lies almost directly adjacent to the Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve. Cedar Point is located At the south end of Black Hammock Island.[27]

Neighborhoods

Main article: Neighborhoods of Jacksonville, Florida

There are numerous neighborhoods located within the vast area of the Northside. These include, but are not limited to, Black Hammock Island, Brentwood, Dinsmore, Fort George Island, Garden City, Highlands, Lake Forest, Longbranch, Moncrief Park, Norwood, Panama Park, Pecan Park, Oceanway, Ribault, Riverview, Royal Terrance, San Mateo and Tallulah-North Shore.

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification, the Northside has a humid subtropical climate, with hot humid summers, and warm to mild and drier winters. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September, when brief but intense downpours with thunder and lightning are common, while the driest months are from November through April. Rainfall averages around 52 inches (1,300 mm) a year.[28] Normal monthly mean temperatures range from 53.1 °F (11.7 °C) in January to 82.3 °F (27.9 °C) in July; high temperatures average 64 to 92 °F (18 to 33 °C) throughout the year.[29] High heat indices are common for the summer months in the area, with indices above 110 °F (43.3 °C) possible. The highest temperature recorded was 104 °F (40 °C) on July 11, 1879 and July 28, 1872.[30] The city of Jacksonville averages only about 10 to 15 nights at or below freezing. Such cold weather is usually short lived.[31] The coldest temperature recorded at Jacksonville International Airport was 7 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985. Jacksonville has recorded three days with measurable snow since 1911, most recently a one-inch (2.5 cm) snowfall in December 1989 [32]

Climate data for the Northside (Jacksonville Int'l), 1981−2010 normals,[a] extremes 1871−present[b]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 85
(29) 		88
(31) 		91
(33) 		95
(35) 		100
(38) 		103
(39) 		104
(40) 		102
(39) 		99
(37) 		95
(35) 		89
(32) 		84
(29) 		104
(40)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 79.7
(26.5) 		82.2
(27.9) 		85.6
(29.8) 		89.7
(32.1) 		93.8
(34.3) 		97.0
(36.1) 		97.9
(36.6) 		96.4
(35.8) 		93.5
(34.2) 		89.3
(31.8) 		84.1
(28.9) 		80.9
(27.2) 		98.8
(37.1)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 64.8
(18.2) 		68.2
(20.1) 		73.7
(23.2) 		79.2
(26.2) 		85.5
(29.7) 		89.9
(32.2) 		92.0
(33.3) 		90.9
(32.7) 		86.9
(30.5) 		80.4
(26.9) 		73.5
(23.1) 		66.6
(19.2) 		79.3
(26.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 41.4
(5.2) 		44.7
(7.1) 		49.7
(9.8) 		54.7
(12.6) 		62.7
(17.1) 		70.0
(21.1) 		72.6
(22.6) 		72.7
(22.6) 		69.5
(20.8) 		60.5
(15.8) 		50.9
(10.5) 		43.9
(6.6) 		57.8
(14.3)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 23.7
(−4.6) 		27.5
(−2.5) 		32.3
(0.2) 		39.4
(4.1) 		50.3
(10.2) 		61.5
(16.4) 		67.4
(19.7) 		67.6
(19.8) 		59.4
(15.2) 		43.8
(6.6) 		33.5
(0.8) 		26.9
(−2.8) 		21.6
(−5.8)
Record low °F (°C) 7
(−14) 		10
(−12) 		23
(−5) 		31
(−1) 		45
(7) 		47
(8) 		61
(16) 		63
(17) 		48
(9) 		33
(1) 		21
(−6) 		11
(−12) 		7
(−14)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.30
(84) 		3.19
(81) 		3.95
(100) 		2.64
(67) 		2.48
(63) 		6.45
(164) 		6.55
(166) 		6.80
(173) 		8.19
(208) 		3.93
(100) 		2.11
(54) 		2.80
(71) 		52.39
(1,331)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 8.3 7.6 8.2 5.7 6.4 13.9 13.8 15.0 12.2 8.2 6.8 7.4 113.5
Average relative humidity (%) 74.9 72.2 71.2 69.5 72.7 76.8 77.7 80.3 80.8 78.6 77.7 76.7 75.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 189.4 193.8 257.9 286.4 303.9 283.6 282.0 262.4 228.2 214.6 193.9 183.6 2,879.7
Percent possible sunshine 59 62 69 74 72 67 65 64 62 61 61 58 65
Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961−1990)[30][29][33][34]

Parks and public spaces

See also: List of parks in Jacksonville, Florida State Parks, and National Park Service

The Northside has a various lands protected lands operated by the National Park Service, Florida State Parks and the City of Jacksonville Department of Parks and Recreation. Jacksonville operates the largest urban park system in the United States, providing facilities and services at more than 337 locations on more than 80,000 acres (320 km2) located throughout the city and the Northside area.[35] The Timucuan Preserve is a U.S. National Preserve comprising over 46,000 acres (19,000 ha) of wetlands and waterways. It includes natural and historic areas such as the Fort Caroline National Memorial and the Kingsley Plantation, the oldest standing plantation in the state. There are several state parks within the Northside, these include Big Talbot Island State Park, Fort George Island Cultural State Park, George Crady Bridge Fishing Pier State Park, Little Talbot Island State Park, Pumpkin Hill Creek Preserve State Park and Yellow Bluff Fort Historic State Park. Evergreen Cemetery is a large historic cemetery added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 8, 2011.[36][37][38]

Education

See also: Education in Jacksonville

The Duval County Public Schools district operates public schools, including Andrew Jackson High School, Jean Ribault High School and First Coast High School, in the Northside area.

Higher education

Established in 1970, the North Campus of Florida State College at Jacksonville is one of four campuses located throughout the city, the other being the Downtown Campus, Kent Campus, and South Campus. In 2009, in recognition of a shortage of four-year colleges in the state, the Florida Legislature passed legislation creating the Florida College System, enabling some community colleges to become "state colleges", meaning they can offer more bachelor's degrees than traditional community colleges, but no graduate degree programs. FCCJ was one of the first community colleges to make the change, and, also in 2009, announced the change to their "Florida Community College at Jacksonville" to their current name, "Florida State College at Jacksonville".[39]located off Dunn Avenue, near I-295, it houses many of FSCJ's health programs, including nursing, dental hygiene, and emergency medical services. North Campus also includes the Culinary Institute of the South, a culinary school with its own restaurant, and a cosmetology program. The North Campus includes baseball, softball, and soccer facilities.[40]

Transportation

See also: Transportation in Jacksonville

Airports

Jacksonville International Airport
Main article: Jacksonville Aviation Authority

Jacksonville International Airport (IATA: JAX, ICAO: KJAX, FAA LID: JAX) is a major regional passenger air service provider, featuring non-stop flights to dozens of major US cities. The facility opened on Jacksonville's Northside in 1968. Commercial air service at Imeson Field, also located in the Northside, ceased operations. The airport covers 7,911 acres (3,201 ha) and has two concrete runways: 8/26, 10,000 x 150 ft (3,048 x 46 m) and 14/32, 7,701 x 150 ft (2,347 x 46 m).[41] The terminal at JIA is composed of a baggage claim area, on the first floor and a ticketing area on the second floor, at the front of the structure. Past baggage claim and ticketing is the mezzanine, where shops, restaurants and the security checkpoint are located. Beyond the mezzanine are the airport's Concourses A and C, which include 10 gates each (for a total of 20), along with other shops and restaurants.[42] In 2018, the airport handled 6,460,253 passengers, breaking the previous record set in 2007.[43] This increase in traffic prompted the JAA to revive the plan to rebuild concourse B.[44] The new concourse could open as early as 2022, providing six additional gates and could be expanded later with six more.[45] The design of concourses A and C also allow them to be extended to accommodate additional gates. In 2019, RS&H and Jacobs Engineering were chosen to perform the design, while Balfour Beatty was selected as the construction manager for the concourse B project.[46]

Highways

Major limited access highways:

Major arterial highways:

Ferries

The Saint Johns River Ferry, also known as the Mayport Ferry, has been operating between Mayport and Fort George Island since 1874. The 0.9 miles (1.4 km) voyage crosses the Saint Johns River about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) inland of the river's mouth and travels in an east-west direction for approximately 2,000 feet (610 m) on State Road A1A. Departures still occur daily every half-hour.[47]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
  2. ^ Official records for Jacksonville were kept at downtown from September 1871 to December 1955, Imeson Field from January 1, 1956 to January 18, 1971, and at Jacksonville Int'l since January 19, 1971. For more information, see Threaded Station Extremes.

Citations

  1. ^ Soergel, Matt (October 18, 2009). "The Mocama: New name for an old people". The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  2. ^ Keith Ashley (2006). "Colorinda and its Place in Northeastern Florida History". The Florida Anthropologist. 59 (2). The Florida Anthropological Society: 94.
  3. ^ a b John E. Worth (4 February 2007). The Struggle for the Georgia Coast. University of Alabama Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-8173-5411-4.
  4. ^ Jerald T. Milanich (14 August 1996). Timucua. VNR AG. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-55786-488-8.
  5. ^ William C. Sturtevant (1978). Handbook of North American Indians: Languages. Government Printing Office. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-16-048774-3.
  6. ^ Stowell (1996), p. 27.
  7. ^ Stowell and Tilford, pp. 4–6.
  8. ^ Stowell and Tilford, p. 7.
  9. ^ Wood, p. 371.
  10. ^ Davis, Ennis (July 17, 2017). "North Shore: The Northside's Best Kept Secret". thejaxsonmag.com. The Jaxson Magazine. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  11. ^ "Riverview, Jacksonville, FL". Google Maps. Retrieved 21 February 2020. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ Davis, Ennis (July 24, 2018). "Neighborhoods: Riverview". thejaxsonmag.com. The Jaxson Magazine. Retrieved 21 February 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ "COJ.net - Riverview Park". March 10, 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  14. ^ "Consolidation's Most Famous Photo". Jax History Journal. Jacksonville Historical Society. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  15. ^ Lost Jacksonville: Union Terminal
  16. ^ http://wuwf.org/post/inspection-train-determine-future-passenger-rail-along-gulf-coast#stream/0
  17. ^ Hannan, Larry (March 10, 2009). "Dames Point bridge reaches 20-year mark". The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved 21 February 2020. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  18. ^ Stepzinski, Teresa (March 9, 2014). "Dames Point bridge spans 25 years, uniting city, sparking growth". The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved 21 February 2020. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  19. ^ "Cruise Terminal" Archived 2007-02-21 at the Wayback Machine Jacksonville Port Authority, Cruise Terminal
  20. ^ "Jacksonville: America's First Port" Archived 2009-05-05 at the Wayback Machine Jaxport
  21. ^ "'Miracle,' Passengers Leave On Maiden Voyage" News4Jax, February 27, 2004.
  22. ^ "Super Bowl XXXIX cruise ships" Florida Times-Union, January 2005
  23. ^ Cruises from Jacksonville FL Carnival Cruiseline. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  24. ^ "Simon finishes $10 million renovation of The Avenues". Jacksonville Business Journal. Apr 8, 2005. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  25. ^ McEwen, John W. 2007. "The Vernacular Neighborhoods of Jacksonville, Florida: Can GIS Help Determine their Boundaries?" The Florida Geographer, Vol. 38: 54–71.
  26. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed February 20, 2020
  27. ^ Cedar Point
  28. ^ "NWS Jacksonville, FL [Climate Page]". noaa.gov.
  29. ^ a b "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  30. ^ a b "Threaded Extremes". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  31. ^ "NOAA/National Climatic Data Center: Table-Mean Number of Days With Minimum Temperature 32 Degrees F or Less". Lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov. August 20, 2008. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
  32. ^ Erdman, Jonathan (November 14, 2011). "Five Weirdest White Christmases: #3 Florida/Southeast (1989)". The Weather Channel.
  33. ^ "FL Jacksonville". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  34. ^ "WMO climate normals for Jacksonville/WSO AP, FL 1961−1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  35. ^ "Recreation and Community Services". Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  36. ^ "History & Growth of Evergreen". evergreenjax.com. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  37. ^ "Evergreen Cemetery". metrojacsonville.com. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  38. ^ Johnson, Hillary. "evergreen cemetery". eujacksonville.com. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  39. ^ Aasen, Adam (March 4, 2009). "New name: FCCJ to be Florida State College at Jacksonville". The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  40. ^ "North Campus". www.fscj.edu. Florida State College at Jacksonville. 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  41. ^ Cite error: The named reference FAA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  42. ^ "Terminal Maps". Jacksonville International Airport. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
  43. ^ "JAX Sets New Record for Annual Passenger Traffic" (Press release). Jacksonville Aviation Authority. January 24, 2019. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  44. ^ Burmeister, Caren (1 March 2019). "With traffic surging, Jacksonville International Airport adding 3rd concourse". Jacksonville Daily Record. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  45. ^ Cite error: The named reference timeunion1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  46. ^ Colburn, Allison (2 May 2019). "JAA selects design team for new concourse". Jacksonville Business Journal. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  47. ^ 1874

Further reading

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northside_(Jacksonville)&oldid=941871470"