399 BC Chr.

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399 BC Chr.
Socrates , sentenced to death, dies by drinking a cup of hemlock .
399 BC In other calendars
Buddhist calendar	145/146 (southern Buddhism); 144/145 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	38th (39th) cycle , year of the water horse壬午 ( at the beginning of the year metal snake 辛巳)
Greek calendar	1./2. Year of the 95th Olympiad
Jewish calendar	3362/63
Roman calendar	from urbe condita CCCLV (355)

Events

Politics and world events

Western Mediterranean

Gnaeus Genucius Augurinus, Lucius Atilius Priscus, Marcus Pomponius Rufus, Gaius Duillius Longus, Marcus Veturius Crassus Cicurinus and Volero Publilius Philo become Roman consular tribunes .
The Greeks found the settlement of Agira in Sicily .

Eastern Mediterranean

Socrates

The philosopher Socrates is accused and condemned in Athens of Asebie (godlessness) and the pernicious influence on the youth. He chooses to kill himself by drinking a hemlock cup . Socrates' two defense speeches have been handed down by his pupil Plato in the Apology of Socrates .

»Ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἤδη ὥρα ἀπιέναι, ἐμοὶ μὲν ἀποθανουμένῳ, ὑμῖν δὲ βιωσομένοις · ὁπότεροι δλλ, μὴν ἔρχντανταντην πλην πλην πλην πλην πὴπν πλην πλν ποπν ὴπλην ὴπλν ὶπον νπτὴντ ππτθντ ππλην πτὴντ ππλην ᾶπὴηθν ὶπλ ὴποντ νπλμ ὶπτντ πλητν ποητν πτἐντ ππλμ πτὴντ ππλμ ὶποητν

“But now it is time to go away, for me to die, for you to live; but whoever of us approaches the better lot is hidden from everyone except God. "

- Plato : Apology of Socrates

Agesilaus II , with the help of the general Lysander, urges his nephew Leotychidas III. , whose legitimacy has been disputed since his accession to the throne last year , from the Spartan throne. An oracle that warns Sparta of a lame king and prevents the limping Agesilaus from taking office is reinterpreted by Lysander as the contested legitimacy of Leotychidas.
Outbreak of the Spartan-Persian war between the two empires that were previously allied against Athens. Sparta endeavors to extend its supremacy in Greece to the cities of Asia Minor .

Sphinx Nepherites' I
( Louvre , Paris)

Nepherites I has the Egyptian pharaoh Amyrtaios captured and executed and declares himself ruler. He supports Sparta against the Persians with the delivery of 500,000 bushels of grain and equipment for 100 triremes .
Archelaus I , King of Macedonia , is killed by his page Krateros during the hunt. This raises himself to the new ruler over the empire.
A few months after the beginning of Krateros 'rule, he is ousted from the throne by Archelaus' son Orestes . The still young king rules through his regent Aeropos II.

science and technology

In his fifth year of reign (400 to 399 BC), the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes II lets the additional month Addaru II switch, which begins on March 11th.
In the Babylonian calendar , the beginning of the first year of Nisannu falls on the 9th – 10th. April; the full moon in Nisannu on the 22. – 23. April and the 1st Tašritu on the 2nd – 3rd October. The sixth year of reign of the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes II begins on Nisannu.
After Socrates' death, his pupil Plato went to Megara for a short time together with other Socrates to Euclid of Megara , who was also a pupil of Socrates. Deeply shaken by the execution of his teacher, Plato evaluates the state's action against his teacher as an expression of moral depravity and as evidence of a fundamental flaw in the political system . He now no longer sees any possibility of a philosophically responsible participation in political life in Athens and develops into a sharp critic of the times. These experiences prompt him to make demands for a state ruled by philosophers.

Born

around 399 BC Chr .: Diogenes von Sinope , Greek philosopher († 323 BC )

Died

Amyrtaios , Egyptian pharaoh
Archelaus I , King of Macedonia
Euthydemos , Greek sophist (* 469 BC )
Socrates , Greek philosopher (* 469 BC )

around 399 BC Chr .: Theodoros of Cyrene , Greek mathematician (* around 460 BC )

Web links

Commons : 399 BC Chr. - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Date in the Gregorian calendar ; In the Julian calendar system , 5 days are to be added to the Gregorian date. The date is based on the NASA information ( Memento from November 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) taking into account the T-Delta. For Babylonia, the time zone surcharge of 3 hours must be taken into account for Universal Time (UT); according to Jean Meeus : Astronomical Algorithms - Applications for Ephemeris Tool 4,5 - , Barth, Leipzig 2000 for: Ephemeris Tool 4,5 according to Jean Meeus, conversion program, 2001 .
^ Hermann Hunger: Lunar and Planetary Texts (Astronomical Diaries and related Texts from Babylonia, Vol. 5) . Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-7001-3028-7 , p. 395.

[J-1] Date in the Gregorian calendar ; In the Julian calendar system , 5 days are to be added to the Gregorian date. The date is based on the NASA information ( Memento from November 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) taking into account the T-Delta. For Babylonia, the time zone surcharge of 3 hours must be taken into account for Universal Time (UT); according to Jean Meeus : Astronomical Algorithms - Applications for Ephemeris Tool 4,5 - , Barth, Leipzig 2000 for: Ephemeris Tool 4,5 according to Jean Meeus, conversion program, 2001 .

[2] Hermann Hunger: Lunar and Planetary Texts (Astronomical Diaries and related Texts from Babylonia, Vol. 5) . Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-7001-3028-7 , p. 395.