Amyrtaios

Name of Amyrtaios
Proper name	Amunirdes (Amun ir des) Jmn jr ds
Greek Manetho - Variants : Demotic Chronicle :	Africanus : Amyrteos of Sais Eusebius : Amyrtaeos of Sais Eusebius (Armenian version): Amyrtes of Sais> Amyrtaios

Amyrtaios († 399 BC ) was from 404 to 399 BC. The only pharaoh (king) of the 28th dynasty .

Origin and rule

Amyrtaios was possibly a son of Pausiris and grandson of that Libyan Amyrtaios of Sais , who lived 465–463 BC. Chr. The uprising of Inaros against the satrap (governor) of Artaxerxes I was carried. Egypt fell in 404 BC After the death of the great king Dareios II of Persia . An intervention was omitted because of internal difficulties in Persia, especially due to the power struggle between Artaxerxes II and his brother Cyrus the Younger .

Amyrtaios established his rule in the western delta . In Elephantine , however, was still the end of 402 BC. The Persian great king Artaxerxes II was considered a pharaoh. Amyrtaios was only able to establish himself here around 401 BC. Prevail.

Despite the internal Persian problems, the general Abrokomas found himself with a strong army in 401 BC. BC in Phenicia , apparently to invade Egypt. But the decisive military conflict that broke out in the same year between Artaxerxes II and Cyrus the Younger prevented a Persian invasion of the Nile country. Artaxerxes II was able to defeat and kill his brother, but there were other problems in Asia Minor , the solution of which was more urgent for the great king than the overthrow of Egypt.

A construction activity of Amyrtaios is not known. The six-year reign includes times in which Amyrtaios was only recognized in parts. According to Diodorus , another ruler is said to have ruled Egypt in addition to Amyrtaios, whom Diodorus referred to as Psammetich . The ancient historian Werner Huss thinks it is more likely that Amyrtaios and Psammetich were one and the same person; Amyrtaios may have assumed the throne name "Psammetich" for propaganda reasons.

Diodorus also mentions that the Memphis- born satrap of Ionia named Tamos in 400 BC. He fled to Egypt as a supporter of the defeated Cyrus, but "Psammetich" had Tamos and his children killed and seized his treasures.

Amyrtaios name is mentioned on a document of the Jewish community of Elephantine , in the demotic chronicle and in the epitoms of Aegyptiaca handed down by Manetho ; next to it in the Aramaic papyrus Brooklyn 13 , where the death of Amyrtaios on October 399 BC. Dated AD. And his successor Nepherites I called. This apparently violently overthrew Amyrtaios.

literature

• Leo Depuydt : Saite and Persian Egypt, 664 BC-332 BC (Dyns. 26-31, Psammetichus I to Alexander's Conquest of Egypt). In: Erik Hornung , Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 265-283 ( online ).
• Wolfgang Helck : History of ancient Egypt (= Handbook of Oriental Studies . Department 1: The Near and Middle East. Volume 1, Section 3). Brill, Leiden u. a. 1981, ISBN 90-04-06497-4 .
• Friedhelm Hoffmann , Joachim Friedrich Quack : Anthology of demotic literature (= introductions and source texts on Egyptology. Volume 4). Lit, Berlin a. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-0762-7 .
• Werner Huss : Egypt in the Hellenistic Period. 332-30 BC Chr . Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-47154-4 , p. 43-44 .
• Susanne Martinssen-von Falck: The great pharaohs. From the New Kingdom to the Late Period. Marix, Wiesbaden 2018, ISBN 978-3-7374-1057-1 , pp. 228-232.
• Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , pp. 72-73.
• Gerald P. Verbrugghe, John M. Wickersham: Berossos and Manetho, introduced and translated. Native traditions in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor MI 2000, ISBN 0-472-08687-1 .
• William Gillian Waddell: Manetho (= The Loeb classical library. Volume 350). Heinemann et al. a., London 1940 (Reprinted edition. Harvard University. Press et al., Cambridge MA 2004, ISBN 0-674-99385-3 ).

Web links

• Jona Lendering: Amyrtaeus . In: Livius.org (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c Term of} office: 6 years.
2. ↑ Xenophon : Anabasis. 1, 4, 3 and 1, 4, 5.
3. ↑ Werner Huss: Egypt in Hellenistic times. 2001, p. 43f.
4. ^ Diodor , Bibliothéke historiké. 14, 35, 4 according to: Wolfgang Helck : History of ancient Egypt. Brill, Leiden 1981, ISBN 978-90-04-06497-3 , p. 265.
5. ↑ Werner Huss: Egypt in Hellenistic times. 2001, p. 43, note 6.
6. ^ Diodor, Bibliothéke historiké. 14, 35, 3-5.

predecessor	Office	successor
Artaxerxes II.	Pharaoh of Egypt 404-399 BC Chr.	Nepherites I.