Andlau Abbey
The andlau abbey was founded in 880 and during the French Revolution resolved pin of the Benedictine nuns in a valley on the eastern edge of the Vosges . It is the origin of the municipality of Andlau in the French department of Bas-Rhin . Andlau Abbey was directly subordinate to the Emperor in secular matters as long as it belonged to the Holy Roman Empire , and in spiritual matters directly to the Pope.
history
The Andlau Abbey was founded around 880 by Empress Richardis , wife of Charlemagne , on a family estate. The story of the female bear, who showed the empress the place where the abbey was to be founded, is considered a monastery legend. Richardis dedicated the abbey to the Savior (Saint-Sauveur), drafted the statutes of the monastery himself, which were approved a little later by Pope John VIII (872-882), and furnished the monastery with rich property. After her husband had accused her of adultery and his deposition in 887, Richardis retired to Andlau Abbey, where she died around 900 and was buried in the monastery church.
In the first half of the 10th century the abbey was completely rebuilt; the associated crypt is now the oldest part of the building (with the exception of a hole in the floor of the crypt, which is said to come from the aforementioned she-bear). When Pope Leo IX. (Bruno von Egisheim) stopped in Andlau in November 1049 on the way back from the Mainz Synod, he had Richardis' body transferred from the old to the new Romanesque church. At the same time he released him for worship, which amounted to a formal canonization.
The abbess Hadewig ordered the construction of the portal and the frieze in the westwork of the abbey church around 1130 . In the night from Easter Sunday to Easter Monday 1160, the church burned down and was then rebuilt. The Richardis Shrine was vaulted at the end of the 12th century.
Between 1178 and 1212, the bailiwick passed over the Andlau Abbey from the Counts of Egisheim- Dagsburg to the Emperor, so that Andlau was now part of the empire. Under King Rudolf I , the rule of Andlau and the office of the mayor of Andlau passed to the Lords of Andlau, who as the original ministerials of the abbey were more powerful than the abbess herself. As compensation, the abbess received a seat and vote in the Reichstag in 1288 ; they are no longer to be found in the registers of the 15th and 16th centuries. The abbey was also not directly part of the empire. From the time of Emperor Charles V , the abbesses were imperial duchesses - even after sovereignty passed to the French crown.
The Richardis tomb dates from around 1350 and is now in a baroque chapel from 1707. Another fire in the 15th century made it necessary to rebuild the church. On April 19, 1499 the abbey was converted into a secular women's monastery. The attempts of the Lords of Andlau to secularize the monastery during the Reformation could be repulsed. In 1648, the Peace of Münster re-established the abbey's independence.
When Andlau came under French rule in 1680, the abbey retained its right by a treaty of July 1686 to elect the abbess herself instead of having her appointed by the king, as is customary in France. Also in the late 17th century the now dilapidated nave was rebuilt. Andlau Abbey was dissolved during the Revolution .
The numerous papal bulls concerning the Andlau Abbey are kept in the departmental archives in Strasbourg .
architecture
The abbey church of Sainte-Richarde, today the parish church of Saints-Pierre-et-Paul, and the former abbess palace, today's Stolz-Grimm Hospital, still stand from the abbey. The gate to the inner courtyard and the main staircase of the hospital from the first half of the 18th century have been classified as Monument historique since April 25, 1935 .
The church is best known for the Romanesque sculpture of the Bear von Andlau in the crypt and its Romanesque frieze as well as the coffin of St. Richardis from the 14th century.
North side and bell tower
Romanesque portal
Nave towards the choir
Church gallery
Richardis coffin
(14th century)
Crypt : Bear von Andlau (Romanesque)
Frieze : lion with prey (Romanesque)
Frieze: Knight (Romanesque)
See also
literature
- Abbé Philippe André Grandidier: Histoire de l'Eglise et des princes-évêques de Strasbourg, jusqu'à nos jours . 2 volumes, Strasbourg 1776, Lorenz und Schüler (Volume 1), Levrault (Volume II)
- H. Büttner: Empress Richgard and the Andlau Abbey . Archives de l'église d'Alsace 23 (1956), pp. 83ff
- Christian Wilsdorf: Andlau . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 1, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1980, ISBN 3-7608-8901-8 , Sp. 597.
- Alfred Baudrillart: Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques. 2nd volume, Alcaini-Aneurin, Paris 1914, column 1575 digitized at Gallica
Web links
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 48 ° 23 ′ 16 " N , 7 ° 24 ′ 54" E