Sichuan maple
| Sichuan maple | ||||||||||||
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| Acer sutchuenense | ||||||||||||
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The Sichuan maple ( Acer sutchuenense ) is a species of maple ( Acer ) in the soap tree family (Sapindaceae). The natural range is in the central People's Republic of China .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Sichuan maple grows as a deciduous, large shrub or small tree and reaches heights of 8 to 12 meters. The gray bark is smooth. Young twigs have a purple-brown bark , later it is light gray-brown and bare with a large number of lenticels . The egg-shaped winter buds have four or six pairs of roof-tile-like overlapping, glossy brown, ciliate bud scales.
The constantly against arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The 3 to 8 centimeter long petiole is densely hairy near the breakdown into the stalks of the pinnate leaves. The leaf blade is three-part pinnate unpaired. The parchment-like pinnate leaves are seldom 5 to mostly 8 to 15 centimeters in length and 2 to 6 centimeters wide, elliptical-oblong to oblong-lanceolate and pointed. The pinnate leaves are blue-green on the underside, sparsely hairy on the central nerve, tufts of hair on the branches of the eight to ten leaf veins and glabrous on the underside. The balding stalk of the terminal leaflet is 1.5 to 2 centimeters long and the balding stalks of the two lateral leaflets are 5 to 8 millimeters long. The two lateral leaflets have an obliquely rounded base and serrated edges with teeth spaced apart.
Generative characteristics
The Sichuan maple is androdioec , sometimes andromonoc . On leafy, rarely leafless twigs, on an 8 to 16 millimeter long inflorescence stem, there is the bald, umbrella-cluster - like inflorescence , which contains eight to twelve flowers. The slim, bare flower stalk is 8 to 12 millimeters long.
The functionally male and hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and usually five, rarely six-fold with a double flower envelope . The male flowers usually have five, rarely six with a length of about 6 millimeters, egg-shaped or lanceolate sepals , usually five, rarely six with a length of about 6 millimeters, obovate petals and 10 to 16 stamens that are almost twice as long as them Petals with bare stamens; the extrastaminal disc is bare and the rudimentary, small ovary is finely haired. The Flora of China has no information on the hermaphrodite flowers .
The split fruits stand together in a short, bare, purple-colored to brownish grape-like fruit cluster . The two winged nuts ( samara ) are 2 to 5.5 centimeters long and about 7 millimeters wide, including their wings. The 6 to 7 millimeter long nuts are strongly curved inwards and the wings are almost upright.
The flowering period extends from April to May and the fruits ripen in September.
Occurrence and endangerment
The distribution area of Acer sutchuenense is in the Chinese provinces of western Hubei , northwestern Hunan and Sichuan . The Sichuan maple thrives in China at altitudes of 1000 to 2500 meters in mixed forests. The Sichuan maple grows in fresh to moist, acidic to neutral, sandy-humic to loamy- humic soils and is frost-hardy up to USDA climate zone 5.
The rare Sichuan maple is “Vulnerable” according to the Flora of China 2008 and “Endangered” according to IUCN 2008 (EN A2c). It occurs in small, fragmented localities in central China, some of which are in protected areas.
Systematics
It was first described in 1894 by Adrien René Franchet in the Journal de Botanique , 8, p. 294. Synonyms for Acer sutchuenense Franch. are: Acer emeiense T.Z.Hsu , Acer sutchuenense subsp. tienchuanense (WPFang & TPSoong) WPFang , Acer tienchuanense W.P.Fang & TPSoong .
The species Acer sutchuenense belongs to the Mandshurica series from the Trifoliata section in the genus Acer .
proof
literature
- Tingzhi Xu, Yousheng Chen, Piet C. de Jong, Herman John Oterdoom, Chin-Sung Chang: Aceraceae. : Acer sutchuenense In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 , pp. 552 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Tingzhi Xu, Yousheng Chen, Piet C. de Jong, Herman John Oterdoom, Chin-Sung Chang: Aceraceae. : Acer sutchuenense In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 , pp. 552 (English).
- ↑ Tous les érables . (French)
- ^ A b Douglas Gibbs, Yousheng Chen: The Red List of Maples , Botanic Gardens Conservation International 2009, ISBN 978-1-905164-31-8 : Acer sutchuenense on p. 25 with distribution map. ( Memento of the original from January 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Adrien René Franchet: Journal de Botanique , 8, 1894, p. 294. scanned at gallica (French)
