Adolph von Ottweiler

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Painting by Johann Friedrich Dryander

Adolph Graf von Ottweiler (born June 3, 1789 in Saarbrücken , † December 9 or 10, 1812 in Vilnius ) was the last born and longest-living legitimate son of Prince Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken . He participated as a volunteer in the Russian campaign in 1812 .

Life

Family relationships

After the death of his first wife, Adolph's father, Prince Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken, married his mistress Katharina Kest on February 28, 1787 , whom he had met as the maid of his former lover Freifrau Frederike Amalie von Dorsberg and who had already been married in a morganatic marriage in 1774 . He had her raised to the nobility in 1774 as "Frau von Ludwigsberg", in 1781 to the rank of baron and in 1784 to "Countess of Ottweiler ". Since she was of bourgeois origin, Ludwig's application to the emperor for the award of the princely coat of arms to Katharina failed due to the objection of the rest of the Nassau family . The relationship between the two resulted in a total of seven children, six born in a morganatic marriage and the youngest son Adolph born after the proper marriage in 1787. In 1789, Prince Ludwig acquired the newly created Duchy of Dillingen / Saar and Catherine received the Countess of Ottweiler in April 1789 from King Ludwig XVI. from France the title of "Duchess of Dillingen". Accordingly, the baptism entry in Saarbrücken for Adolph Graf von Ottweiler in 1789 reads “Prince of Nassau and Duke of Dillingen”.

The Principality of Nassau-Saarbrücken was occupied by French revolutionary troops during the First Coalition War in 1793 and subsequently incorporated into the French Empire. Before the effects of the French Revolution , the family retreated into exile first in Mannheim and later in Aschaffenburg , where Prince Ludwig died in 1794. The Hereditary Prince Heinrich Ludwig followed him in 1797, he left no descendants. The contractual provisions of the Nassau Hereditary Association founded on June 30, 1783 stipulated that the eight-year-old Adolph - although he was now the last survivor of the male line of the Nassau-Saarbrücken line - could inherit neither the principality nor the title. Thus, Karl Wilhelm inherited from Nassau-Usingen , a cousin of his father Ludwig. Katharina von Ottweiler stayed with her son Adolph from 1802 to 1805 in Paris , where she fought unsuccessfully for the territories that had been captured by the revolution.

Children's portraits by Adolph von Ottweiler are in the old collection of the Saarland Museum in Saarbrücken .

education

In Paris, Adolph von Ottweiler was instructed not only in school but also by private tutors and in fencing. At the age of 16 he started studying cameralia at the University of Heidelberg . He threw himself into the Heidelberg student life and was initially a member of the country team Palatia , then on November 25, 1805 patrons of Landsmannschaft Suevia I . Before March 1807 he joined the Landsmannschaft of the Upper Rhine and at the beginning of 1808 fought two duels against Georg Kloß , a member of the Suevia. After several university sentences, Ottweiler received the Consilium abeundi in Heidelberg on August 13, 1808 . He was forced to move to the University of Göttingen , where he and Georg Kloß became a member of the Hannovera , which was united with the Göttingen Landsmannschaft der Rhinelander, and their senior . In Göttingen, too, he received the consilium abeundi after a short time and then left Göttingen in the course of the gendarme affair . His Heidelberg and Göttingen studies are reflected in the correspondence between his brothers Georg Kloß and Alexander Stein . He spent the next time with his mother in Mannheim, from where he also kept in touch with the Heidelberg community . Another study attempt took place in the summer semester of 1810 at the University of Jena . As early as the winter of 1810 he was studying at the University of Erlangen , where he joined the Corps Onoldia in November 1810 and was its consenior from January 1811 until he left the university in March 1811 .

Military career

In March 1811 he joined the army of the Kingdom of Württemberg as a flag junior and first attended the cadet school in Ludwigsburg . In August 1811 he was promoted to second lieutenant in the Württemberg "Guards Regiment on Foot" and on February 19, 1812 he was promoted to lieutenant in the "Pedestrian Battalion No. 2" King "", where he was in the companies "v. Gaisberg ”and“ v. Wundt “did service. Ottweiler volunteered for Napoleon's Russian campaign in 1812 in March . He was badly wounded by a shot in the shoulder on August 16, 1812 in the Battle of Smolensk ; the bullet could only be surgically removed after more than forty days. He took an ambulance to Vilnius on December 9, 1812, where he was unfortunately overrun by a cannon in temperatures of up to 39 degrees Celsius in front of the Gate of Dawn . With significant additional injuries and severe frostbite, he was taken to Rabbi Aron's house, where he succumbed to his injuries and frostbite the following night. With his death, the male line of the Counts of Ottweiler died out; he was survived by his mother and two married sisters.

Fonts

  • Count Adolph von Ottweiler. Campaign letters from 1812 , in: Mitteilungen des Historisches Verein für die Saargebiet , Volume 8 (1901), pp. 168–220 (Ed. Friedrich Köllner )

literature

  • Rudolf Meyer-Brons: The Landsmannschaft Hannovera of the year 1809 , in: Corps report of the Hannovera for the winter semester 1910/11 , pp. 33–75 (Ottweiler curriculum vitae, pp. 61 ff.)
  • Ernst Meyer-Camberg : The adventurous résumé of Count Adolf von Ottweiler (1789-1812) , in: Yearbook Einst und Jetzt Volume 8 (1963), pp. 92-101
  • From the early days of the Heidelberg, Tübingen and Göttingen S [enioren-] C [onvents] 1807–1809. Correspondence between the Heidelberg Swabians Georg Kloß Rhenaniae and Hannoverae Göttingen and Alexander Stein. Special volume of the yearbook once and now , 1963
  • Franz Stadtmüller (Hrsg.): History of the Corps Hannovera zu Göttingen 1809-1959 . Göttingen 1963, pp. 139/140
  • Gisela Meyer-Franck: Lauter kleine Menschen , 2008, pp. 194–198

Web links

Commons : Adolph von Ottweiler  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Katharina Kest on the portal "Saarländische Biografien" ( Memento from April 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ Uta Plisch: My Fair Lady in the county of Nassau-Saarbrücken or how Katharina Kest became a countess . Katharina Kest on the "Saarland-Reading" portal
  3. ↑ Ralph Melcher, Stefan Heinlein: The paintings in the old collection in the Saarland Museum, Saarland Museum Saarbrücken, 2009, p. 51
  4. ^ Enrollment in Heidelberg on November 13, 1805
  5. ↑ Kösener Korps-Lists 1910 : 118 , not yet listed there.
  6. ^ Kösener corps lists 1910, 121 , 20.
  7. ↑ Kösener Korps-Lists 1910, 119 , 119 = 119 , 120 (double list probably due to different first name initial usage in the sources.)
  8. ^ Enrollment in Göttingen on May 1, 1809
  9. ↑ See Kösener Corps Lists 1910, 83
  10. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 42 , 3 (insofar as the founder of January 18, which he could not have been according to his matriculation dates, incorrectly classified.)
  11. ↑ Otto Deneke : Old Göttinger Landsmannschaften. Göttingen 1937, p. 72
  12. ↑ Kösener Corps lists 1910, 42 , 163 = Kösener Corps lists 1960, 23 , 162.
personal data
SURNAME Ottweiler, Adolph von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ottweiler, Adolph Graf von; Ottweiler, Ludwig Carl Moritz Adolph Reichsgraf von, Duke of Dillingen (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Son of Duke Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken and participant in the coalition wars
DATE OF BIRTH June 3, 1789
PLACE OF BIRTH Saarbrücken
DATE OF DEATH December 9, 1812 or December 10, 1812
Place of death Vilnius