Corps Hannovera Göttingen

This article deals with the Corps Hannovera Göttingen. This should not be confused with the Hannovera Göttingen fraternity .

The Corps Hannovera Göttingen is an obligatory and color-bearing student association in the Kösener Seniors Convents Association (KSCV). It unites students and former students of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen .

Coat of arms and colors

In addition to the colors, the coat of arms of the corps shows the Welfenross , the gate of the Hanseatic city of Hamburg and the eagle of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck . Hannovera has the colors red-blue-gold with golden percussion . In addition, the corps boys wear a small red student cap as the back of the head. Inactive and old men also wear Biedermeier hats .

In the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and in the Kingdom of Hanover , Hannovera wore the colors red-blue-red as the state corps . They had been taken over by the Principality of Calenberg-Göttingen (the heartland of Kurhannovers). Probably derived from percussion, gold was added as the third color from 1820 under the influence of the tricolor . The Constitution of 1832 specifies the colors as scarlet-cornflower-blue-gold . The respective senior of the Hannovera still wears the old red-blue-red ribbon as a traditional ribbon in addition to the Hanoverian ribbon. This is shown in the coat of arms until around 1844. It was not until 1848 that the current form of the coat of arms was achieved. The motto is Nunquam retrorsum , fortes adiuvat fortuna! The circle of the corps shows an H for Hannovera entwined with the letters v, c and f for vivat circulus fratrum Hannoverae! As has always been the norm at the Göttingen Seniors' Convention , no fox bracelet is worn.

history

Göttingen Hanoverian (1773)

The Corps Hannovera was on 18 January 1809 by students from the University of Goettingen donated , which at the time according to the understanding of teachers and students, despite the French occupation remains the State University of electorate of Hanover was. It is the oldest Göttingen connection of its kind.

Obverse of the Waterloo Medal with the portrait of King George III.

Ribbon of the Waterloo Medal

Compatriot

→ Main article : Landsmannschaft (early modern period)

and

→ Main article : Landsmannschaften and student orders at the University of Göttingen in the 18th century

The corps initially followed the tradition of the Hanoverian Landsmannschaft, which was established in 1735 when the university was founded, and was mainly recruited from the noble and beautiful families of Hanover , who also provided civil service for the electorate. By pedigree leaves is evidence that the members of this country team at the University in the second half of the 18th century to distinguish it from other students red and blue lap skirts wore. The Landsmannschaft is documented by protocols of its convents, by university court files and the portrait gallery of Göttingen students from the Schubert silhouette collection, which is unique for the 18th century .

Branch corps in Heidelberg

Like their predecessors in the 18th century, the young corps were exposed to the distrust and persecution of the university authorities. In September 1809, a group of Hanoverians had to leave Göttingen after the gendarme affair . They founded another Hannovera as Clubb in Heidelberg , which existed from 1810 as a branch corps in the Heidelberg Seniors' Convent until the suspension in 1813 in close cartel contact with the Göttingen mother corps. Due to the situation of persecution of the Corps in the then already very politically turbulent conditions, this period is followed by only a few and widely scattered archives documents and the list of members in parts due to dedications on pipe bowls made of porcelain reconstructed Service.

On England's side

The Corps Hannovera has 73 members who were active participants in the Wars of Liberation , three of which were forced on the part of France and the Kingdom of Westphalia . As far as is known, 17 of these fought in the Battle of Waterloo on May 16-18. June 1815 and received the Waterloo Medal of the Kingdom of Hanover . Insofar as they belonged to the units of the King's German Legion , they also received the British Waterloo Medal, in particular the defenders of the manor of La Haye Sainte belonged to this group . The Hanoverian Carl von Jacobi reported as a survivor of the events in several writings.

Tracking and Enlargement

Hanseatia Göttingen

Red-blue-red on the pipe bowl (1846)

→ Main article : Demagogue persecution

In the course of the intensified persecution of the connections that began after the Karlovy Vary resolutions , the corps was repeatedly banned by the state authorities of the kingdom and then continued to exist secretly and externally as a Hanoverian club or pub of the Hanoverians . The proportion of Hanoverians from Denmark (excluding Schleswig-Holstein and Lauenburg), England, the Netherlands, Russia, Sweden and the USA in the membership was almost 2% - astonishingly many after the turmoil of the Wars of Liberation and the official persecution between 1815 and 1848 .

Around 1827 the corps turned into a union of the bourgeoisie . The role of the state corps for the families of the Lower Saxon nobility was taken over by the Corps Lunaburgia due to an intrigue by the Hanoverian Eisendecher , which was mainly recruited from graduates of the Lüneburg Knight Academy .

In 1848 the Hanoverians merged with the Corps Hanseatia founded by Heinrich Alexander Pagenstecher . Since then, the Corps Hannovera has featured the Hamburg Gate to the World and the Lübeck Imperial Eagle alongside the Sachsenross in the student coat of arms . The principle of the close Cantonierung and recruitment of members mostly from the Guelph area was finally abandoned and expanded the catchment area mainly on throughout North and West Germany. The red-blue-red of the Hanoverians met the Nassauers , whose state university in Göttingen was also from 1817 to 1866. In the time of the Progress, the later Corps Teutonia Göttingen split off from the Hannovera as a Progress connection .

From around 1850 the history of the corps in Göttingen ran smoothly. The corps became a corps of the national liberal bourgeoisie and opened up for the assimilation of Jewish families, especially from Hesse and Baden. Bullerjahn and excursions by the students in the area ( Mariaspring ) shaped the life of the corporations with the interruption of the First World War, until the Göttingen riots announced the ban on student associations in Göttingen during the Nazi era . Hannovera was the presiding suburb corps in the three emperor's year and 1907 and provided the chairman of the oKC.

time of the nationalsocialism

The “collective” Aryan proof of all Corps brothers required by the umbrella organization and the Reichsstudentenführung was avoided on October 13, 1935, in contrast to many other German student associations, because the old man's association of the Corps Hannovera, which was affected by this requirement , dissolved and all old men resigned from the Corps. The Berlin lawyer and agricultural lobbyist Hans Ponfick took care of the handling of the old rule , and with a letter of October 29, 1935 to the board of the VAC, he forbade any further interference in the affairs of the individual corps by the acting head of the association, Ernst Schlange . The old rulers formed a new group of friends outside the corps. The corps now consisted only of active corps boys. Shortly afterwards, however, all active corps in Göttingen had to cease operations on October 31, 1935 under increasing political pressure. It was not until 1939 that the lawyer and later theater manager Horst Gnekow was able to establish a comradeship as a cover organization . In a violent dispute about the direction within this comradeship Freiherr vom Stein , the proponents of the Lebensbund principle prevailed against more Nazi-oriented student members, so that the members of the latter wing of the comradeship turned their backs. In 1940 the comradeship Freiherr vom Stein abolished the leadership principle internally and returned to the convention principle . The comradeship took on the colors blue-white-green and continued the tradition of the Hannovera during the war until 1945. From 1942 onwards (forbidden) lengths were fought outside of Göttingen, for example in Bonn and Freiburg. Most of the members of the comradeship were taken over into the corps after the end of the war. Some also joined other reconstituted Göttingen corps because of their family tradition.

See also : SC comradeships

New beginning

After the Second World War, the British military government re-approved it as a licensed association of the Hannoverscher Club, and it was not until 1949 that it was reconstituted as a corps. Members of the Corps Hannovera played a key role in connection with the reintroduction of the scale in West Germany in the Göttingen scale process . In January 1950, Hannovera was the only Göttingen corps to belong to the 22 corps that formed the community of interests and prepared the re-establishment of the KSCV on May 19, 1951.

On July 28, 1953, the University of Hannover revoked its license as a student association for two semesters because of “wearing paint in public”. This measure was overturned by the Hanover Administrative Court on July 8, 1954 following an action brought by the Corps . The court noted in the reasons for the decision:

“Neither the state nor the university have the authority to give individual students or student associations an exceptional right with regard to basic constitutional rights. The wearing of colors does not violate the rights of others, nor does it violate the moral law or the constitutional order. "

- Hanover Administrative Court

From 1954, the Corps and other Göttingen connections were involved in Friedland Aid in the nearby Friedland camp for many years .

Corp house

Corphaus in Bürgerstrasse (1905)

In the 19th century, the Göttingen corps initially rented side rooms from inns, which at that time were often named after the owners. These quarters changed several times. This included the German House (later the German Garden ) at Reinhäuser Landstrasse 22, the Ulrici Inn at Groner Landstrasse 8 and the Weender Hof in Weende. Ullrich's garden played an important role in the history of Hannovera . Initially as an SC pub , later as a permanently rented corps pub , also known as von Sehlen's Garten from the middle of the century after a change of ownership . The garden bar at the Albanikirche no longer exists today. The town hall also built over the property.

The historic corps house of the Corps Hannovera in the Göttinger Bürgerstraße was built by the old rulers in 1895/96 in the style of the castle for this purpose . The cost was about 50,000 gold marks . The carrier was a corporation stock corporation , as the modern association law of the civil code was only available when it came into force on January 1, 1900. The initiator and board member of the company was the Berlin doctor Ernst Kuthe , who brought in a Berlin architect. During the construction work by a Göttingen company, the shell of the tower collapsed once. The active people standing on the scaffolding were not injured in the accident. The corp house was expropriated by the National Socialists in 1943/44 and therefore returned to the corps in 1952 as part of the restitution by the general organizing committee in Celle. Rebuilds took place in 1927 and in the 1960s; the building is a listed building . The interior of the corp house is compared in modern Anglo-Saxon literature with a Tannhaus backdrop. The northern pointed tower of the house was reconstructed in 2014 with funds from the monument protection of the State of Lower Saxony .

• Previous quarters
• 

  Ulrichs Garten 1801 on a record book sheet

• 

  Hanoverian pub from the Bismarck era in the Deutsches Haus in Reinhäuser Landstrasse

• 

  Sehlen's garden : Corps Hannovera pub during the second half of the 19th century

External relations

Hannovera is one of the signatories of the first Göttingen SC Comment from April 2, 1813. The Göttingen Senior Citizens' Convention today consists of six Kösener corps . The Corps has been a member of the Kösener Seniors Convents Association (KSCV) since the association was founded in 1848 .

The oldest cartel in the Corps has been the Corps Palatia-Guestphalia in Freiburg since 1848 as the traditional bearer of the Corps Guestphalia Jena. The cartel came into being after an invitation from Westphalia to the Hanoverians in Wöllnitz , at which the Hanoverians were invited to take part in Popp's XVI coronation . Through the cartel deals with the Corps Lusatia Leipzig (1849) and Teutonia Marburg (1858), the three corps jointly founded the Golden Cartel . In Würzburg there has been a cartel with the Corps Nassovia since 1856 . In addition, Hannovera is friends with the Corps Isaria Munich (since 1879), Rhenania Tübingen and Suevia Heidelberg . Furthermore, the Corps Hannovera has maintained a friendship relationship with the Freia Hannoversch Münden Forestry Academy in Göttingen for 125 years .

In addition, there was an official relationship with Saxonia Göttingen from the re-establishment after the Second World War until 1965 . In this local cartel only fox games were put against each other. The cartel with Palatia Bonn was not renewed after the Second World War.

Bismarck

Silhouette of Bismarck as a student in Göttingen 1832/33

→ Main article : Otto von Bismarck as a student

The best-known member of the Corps Hannovera is Otto von Bismarck , who spent some of his wildest youth in Göttingen and was also able to get to know the Göttingen prison better for 11 days, as the graffito left on the door still testifies to this day. The Consenior's second student apartment in Göttingen , the Bismarckhäuschen on the Leine Canal, can still be visited today with its contemporary furnishings on the city wall. Both of Bismarck's student apartments in Göttingen are identified by Göttingen memorial plaques . In the opinion of a few historians, however, there are also indications that at the end of his studies his relationship with the Corps would have deteriorated. According to this opinion, a dispute was avoided because the corps was suspended by the Göttingen university management in autumn 1833 and Bismarck had left Göttingen.

When, as Reich Chancellor and former Reich Chancellor, he enjoyed the admiration of all of Germany and especially of German corps students, he also repeatedly acknowledged his corps ( "No tape holds as tight as this one." ). This statement is impressively confirmed by the correspondence with his coätanen Gustav Scharlach , from whom a drawing by Bismarck as a student in Göttingen in 1832/33 comes, and Mitchell C. King .

For Bismarck's 80th birthday in 1895/1896, the Kösener Corps students erected the so-called Jung Bismarck Memorial on a site in front of the Rudelsburg near Bad Kösen , the annual meeting point of the Kösener Corps. It was the only one of countless Bismarck monuments in Germany that did not show him as a mature dignitary in a stiff pose, but as a young man in a casual, almost lolling posture. With a corps ribbon around his chest, of course, and a student bat in his hand, his corp dog Ariel at his feet . The design by the sculptor Prof. Norbert Pfretzschner was highly controversial, but Bismarck himself approved it.

Bismarck's fellow student from Göttingen, John Lothrop Motley, processed the acquaintance in his novel Morton's Hope, or the Memoirs of a Provincial (1839), in which he used Bismarck as a model for the fictional character of Otto v. Ravenmarrow chooses.

• 

  v. Bismarck , Rudelsburg

• 

  Stromeyer , Georgstrasse

• 

  v. Quintus Icilius , Bad Fallingbostel

• 

  Kestner , Engesohde city cemetery

• 

  Bockenheimer , Sachsenhausen

• 

  v. Malortie , mansions cemetery

• 

  Volger , Goethe House

• 

  Clemens von Althaus , Lima Central Cemetery

Known members

Surname	job	reception	Remarks	Illustration
Voss, Adolph v.	Politician	since 1808 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. District administrator and member of the Hanover State Council
Reinecke, Ernst	Politician	since 1807 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. Judge and member of the Hanoverian assembly of estates
Mauch, Wilhelm	Mediciners	since 1808 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. Doctor, city physician and bryologist
Kaufmann, Christoph von	Administrative officer	since 1805 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. First official in the Hameln office
Hake, Georg Ernst Adolf von	Administrative lawyer	since 1805 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. Landowner and Drost in the Grohnde office
Pufendorf, Friedrich von	Administrative lawyer	since 1806 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. Hannoverscher Oberamtmann in the Zeven office
Compe, Eberhard Christian	Administrative officer	since 1807 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. Senior bailiff and honorary citizen of the city of Harburg
Grote, Georg Ludwig	Administrative lawyer	since 1807 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. Hannoverscher Oberamtmann in the Eicklingen office
Wehner, Wilhelm	Administrative lawyer	since 1807 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. Hanoverian bailiff in the Uchte office
Blankets, Friedrich von der	jurist	since 1807 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. Landowner and politician
Oeltzen, Julius	theologian	since 1808 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. Lutheran pastor and superintendent
Pufendorf, Wilhelm v.	jurist	since 1808 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. Judge at the Higher Appeal Court of the Kingdom of Hanover
Wehrs, August v.	military	since 1808 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps. Liberation fighter in the Swedish service and Mecklenburg court councilor
Jacobi, Carl v.	Politician	since 1808 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. Minister of War of the Kingdom of Hanover .
Cleve, Anton	jurist	since 1808 imm.	Co-founder of the Corps on January 18, 1809. Hanoverian bailiff and farmer
Heise, Friedrich Wilhelm	jurist	1808 imm.	Hannoverscher Landdrost in Stade
Kloß, Georg	Mediciners	since 1808 imm.	Consenior of the united Hannovera-Rhenania on February 11, 1809. Founder of the history of Freemasonry in Germany
Feder, Karl August Ludwig	philologist	since 1797 as a child imm.	Professor u. Councilor, Prince Educator of Ludwig III. and Charles of Hesse-Darmstadt
Richter, Friedrich Anton	jurist	since 1806 imm.	Hanoverian bailiff in the Ottersberg district
Schulze, Ernst	poet	since 1806 imm.	Freedom fighter against Napoleon; Romantic poet
Lindemann, Julius	military	since 1807 imm.	Freedom fighter against Napoleon; Major General of the Hanoverian Army
Wense, Ernst von der	jurist	1809 imm.	Hannoverscher Drost
Kaufmann, August von	jurist	1809 imm.	Senior magistrate in the Medingen office
Ottweiler, Adolph Graf von	Cinematographer	1809 imm.	Participant in the Russian campaign in 1812
Nanne, Georg Christian	jurist	1809 imm.	Hanoverian bailiff
Pockels, August	Mediciners	1810 imm.	Braunschweig military doctor
Blessed, Gustav Heinrich	jurist	1810 imm.	Hanoverian bailiff in Scharnebeck
Wense, August of the	jurist	1810 imm.	Hannoverscher Landdrost of the Landdrostei Lüneburg
Lunde, Eduard	jurist	1810 imm.	Hanoverian bailiff in Elbingerode
Gagern, Friedrich Frhr. v.	military	1810	Dutch general and commander of the troops of the German Confederation in the uprising in Baden , killed in action on the Scheideck near Kandern , 1848 (see also Heckerzug )
Blumenhagen, Carl Julius	jurist	1810	Hanoverian bailiff and poet lawyer
Oehlrich, Georg	Politician	1810	Treasurer and General Secretary of the Assembly of Estates of the Kingdom of Hanover , Landdrost von Ostfriesland
Bussche, Theodor vd	Court official	1811	Director of the Hoftheater Hannover
Zachariae, Friedrich Wilhelm August	jurist	1811	Hannoverscher Oberamtmann in Göttingen
Brande, Friedrich Wilhelm	pharmacist	1811	Court pharmacist in Hanover
Holscher, Georg Philipp	doctor	1811	Surgeon, ophthalmologist and politician
Salfeld, Carl	jurist	1811	Hanoverian bailiff in Burgdorf
Althaus, Clemens Frhr. v.	military	1811	German officer in the South American Wars of Liberation, most recently as General of the Army of Peru
Stintzing, Georg Friedrich	Politician	1811	Lawyer and councilor of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck
Heyne, Alfred	jurist	1811	Oberamtmann in the Northeim office
Schulenburg-Wolfsburg, Werner Graf v.	jurist	1811	Liberation fighter, administrative lawyer, landowner and politician
Schmidt, Sophus	jurist	1812	Landowner and administrator
Grote, Carl Georg Christian Grote	Oberbergrat	1812	Mineralogist, railway pioneer
Caesar, Gerhard	Politician	1812	Archivist and Senator of the Hanseatic City of Bremen
Eilers, Gerhard	Politician	1812	Pedagogue and Prussian cultural politician in the Eichhorn Ministry
Lepel, Victor v.	diplomat	1812	Hessian diplomat and politician
Oberdieck, Georg	Pomologist	since 1812 imm.	Co-author of the standard work Illustrated Handbook of Fruit Science (9 volumes)
Volger, Wilhelm Friedrich	Historian and educator	since 1812 imm.	Director of the secondary school branch of the Johanneum Lüneburg and historian of the city of Lüneburg
Albers, Johann Christoph	Medic and biologist	since 1812 imm.	Director of the Berlin Veterinary School
Wallis, Daniel Ludwig	jurist	since 1810 imm.	Lawyer and notary in Lüneburg. Author of the study guide Göttingen Student 1813
Waitz v. Eschen, Karl	Politician	since 1813 imm.	Manor owner, chamberlain and member of the Prussian manor house for life
Wangenheim, Adolf v.	jurist	since 1814 imm.	Politician in the Kingdom of Hanover and judge at the Higher Appeal Court
Michaelis, Adolph	jurist	since 1814 imm.	Professor at the University of Tübingen
Mehlis, Eduard	Mediciners	since 1814 imm.	Medic and helminthologist
Great to look, Louis	soldier	since 1814 imm.	Liberation fighters, sp. Lieutenant General of the Hanoverian Army
Hahn, Heinrich Wilhelm	Entrepreneur	since 1814 imm.	Bookseller and publisher of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica
Zwicker, Carl August Heinrich	jurist	since 1814 imm.	Poet lawyer and bailiff
Wangenheim, Ernst v.	jurist	since 1814 imm.	District President in Gotha
Goertz, August	jurist	since 1814 imm.	Deputy and President of the Hessian Higher Tax Directorate in Darmstadt
Schreiber, August	Forester	since 1814 imm.	District administrator of the district of Eder and founder of the savings bank
Christiani, Rudolf	Politician	since 1815 imm.	The " Mirabeau of the Lüneburg Heath "
Gütschow, Carl Philipp	doctor	since 1815 imm.	Poor doctor and doctor at the Lübeck insane asylum ; Model of the figure of Dr. Grabow in Thomas Mann's Buddenbrooks
Arnswaldt, August Frhr. v.	Literary man	since 1815 imm.	Author of theological writings and supposed lover of Annette von Droste-Hülshoff
Schrader, Friedrich Georg	Administrative lawyer	since 1815 imm.	Senior of the Corps at the time the student body moved to Witzenhausen (1818); Hanoverian bailiff in the Siedenburg office
Heinrichs, Carl Friedrich Christoph	theologian	since 1816 imm.	Lutheran pastor and consistorial councilor in Detmold
Raven v. Pappenheim, Emil Frhr.	diplomat	since 1817 imm.	Grand Ducal Hessian diplomat
Wendland, Heinrich Ludolph	botanist	since 1817 imm.	Court gardener of the Herrenhausen Gardens
Guischard v. Quintus Icilius, Heinrich	Politician	since 1818 imm.	Member of the Frankfurt National Assembly ; Bailiff in Fallingbostel
Leutsch, Karl Christian	jurist	since 1818 imm.	Historian and geographer
Cuckoo called von Walden, Ludwig	Administrative lawyer	since 1820 imm.	Bailiff in the Gartow office and the Uslar office
Witte, Friedrich Ernst	jurist	since 1820 imm.	Member of the Hanover State Council
Langen, Friedrich Theodor	Politician	since 1821 imm.	Advocate and member of the second chamber of estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, member of the Committee of Seventeen of the German Confederation
Arenhold, Adolf	jurist	since 1821 imm.	Hanoverian bailiff in the Osterholz office
Linsingen, Karl v.	Administrative lawyer	since 1822 imm.	Mining captain in Clausthal and member of the Hanover State Council
Klencke, Leopold v.	Administrative lawyer	since 1822 imm.	District administrator in the Kingdom of Hanover and councilor of the Calenberg-Grubenhagen knighthood
Weinhagen, Friedrich	jurist	since 1823 imm.	Lawyer in Hildesheim and spokesman for the revolution there in 1848
Malortie, Carl Ernst v.	Politician	since 1823 imm.	Minister of the Royal House in Hanover; Author of the cookbook Das Menue
Glimmann, George Wilhelm	jurist	since 1823 imm.	Lawyer in financial management and collector of stuffed birds of prey, owls and hens in Lower Saxony
Schele zu Schelenburg, Eduard Frhr. v.	Politician	since 1823 imm.	Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Justice of the Kingdom of Hanover, Postmaster General of the Thurn-und-Taxis-Post
Stromeyer, Louis	Mediciners	since 1823 imm.	Surgeon and general practitioner, participant in the battle of Langensalza . His Göttingen student apartment with Superintendent Krause at Albanikirchhof 9 is identified by a Göttingen plaque.
Schlueter, Friedrich Wilhelm	Administrative lawyer	since 1823 imm.	Hanoverian bailiff in the Ottersberg district
Arenhold, Lüder	Administrative lawyer	since 1826 imm.	Hanoverian bailiff in the Soltau office
Bacmeister, Georg Heinrich Justus	Politician	since 1823 imm.	Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, Culture and Finance of the Kingdom of Hanover. Co-founder and senior of the corps at the reconstitution in 1827. Honorary member of the corps since June 20, 1884.
Jordan, Julius	Politician	since 1827 imm.	Hanoverian bailiff and member of the Reichstag of the North German Confederation
Grote, Hermann	Numismatist and Heraldist	since 1824 imm.	Co-founder of the reconstitution in 1827
Trefurt, Johann Heinrich	Mediciners	since 1824 imm.	Physician and university professor at the University of Göttingen
Schneider, Adolf	Administrative lawyer	since 1824 imm.	Bailiff in the Gifhorn office
Hauss, Adolf	Administrative lawyer	since 1824 imm.	Bailiff in the Bruchhausen office
Graevemeyer, Eberhard v.	jurist	since 1824 imm.	Landowner and bailiff
Bussche-Ippenburg, Julius Graf vd	Politician	since 1824 imm.	District administrator and member of the state assembly of the Kingdom of Hanover
Meyer, August Friedrich Edmund	jurist	1825	Hanoverian bailiff in the Sulingen office
Mühry, Carl	Mediciners	1825	Physician, balneologist and specialist author
Meding, Ernst v.	Court official	1826	Obersthofmeister at the court of the Queen of Hanover, theater director of the Hanoverian court theater
Mühry, Adolf	Natural scientist	1829	Private scholar and bioclimatologist
Kestner, Hermann	patron	1830	Composer. Grandson of Charlotte Kestner and founder of the Kestner Museum in Hanover, honorary citizen of the city.
Dammers, Carl Otto	Politician	1830	Member of the Frankfurt National Assembly; District judge in Syke
Oldekop, Theodor	Administrative lawyer	1830	War Council in the War Ministry of the Kingdom of Hanover
Rautenberg, Wilhelm	jurist	1830	Attorney at the High Court and Notary, Judicial Council
Denicke, Moritz v.	Politician	1831	District administrator and member of the state assembly of the Kingdom of Hanover
Kern, Friedrich	jurist	1831	District court advisor in Hameln
Frederich, Eduard	Mediciners	1831	Doctor, author, history painter and newspaper editor
Scarlet fever, Gustav	jurist	1832	Governor and lifelong letter partner of Bismarck
Haccius, Heinrich	Politician	1832	President of the Hanover Monastery Chamber
Fromme, Ludolf Ulrich	Politician	1832	Mayor of the City of Lüneburg
Experience, Albrecht	jurist	1832	Professor of Roman Law and Canon Law at the University of Zurich , Senate President at the Higher Appeal Court of the Mecklenburg Grand Duchies
Bismarck, Otto Prince v.	Politician	1832	Prussian Prime Minister , Reich founder and Chancellor . Honorary member of the Corps since June 17, 1892.
Brockdorff, Cay Lorenz v.	jurist	1834	Bailiff and district administrator in Segeberg
Meyer, August Carl Franz	jurist	1834	Official governor in the Hameln office
Experience, Carl	Politician	1834	Member of the Hanoverian assembly of estates and Landdrost of East Friesland
Lichtenberg, Carl	Church lawyer	1837	Minister of Culture of the Kingdom of Hanover President of the Hanover State Consistory
Roscher, Wilhelm	Historian and economist	1837	Economist and founder of the historical school
Brüel, Ludwig	Politician	1837	Reichstag member of the German-Hanoverian Party ( Welfenpartei )
Busch, Johann Moritz von dem	jurist	1838	District Court President
Wellenkamp, ​​Carl	Administrative lawyer	1838	Hanoverian bailiff and Prussian district administrator of the Soltau district
Rose, Friedrich	jurist	1838	Last Georgia Augusta University Judge
Blixen-Finecke, Carl Frederik Frhr. v.	Politician	1840	Danish Minister for Foreign Affairs and for Schleswig in the government under CE Rotwitt
Iffland, Ernst	Politician	1840	Politician and head of cabinet in the state of Schaumburg-Lippe
Hesse, Otto	Administrative lawyer	1841	District Administrator of the Hildesheim district
Brande, August	Medical professionals and politicians	1842	Doctor, brewery owner and member of the Reichstag
Groening, Hermann v.	Politician	1843	Hanseatic businessman and Senator of the Hanseatic City of Bremen
Volger, Otto	geologist	1843	University lecturer at the ETH Zurich, later work at the Senckenberg Research Institute and founder of the Free German University
Bennigsen, Rudolf v.	Politician	1843	Member of the Reichstag and opposition leader of the National Liberal Party , President of the Province of Hanover . Honorary member of the Corps since July 10, 1894.
Quickly, Julius	Administrative lawyer	1844	Mayor of Nienburg an der Weser and Prussian district administrator
Prollius, Max v.	Diplomat and politician	1844	Mecklenburg envoy and minister in Berlin
Bock v. Wülfingen, Georg	Administrative lawyer	1844	Erddrost of the Principality of Hildesheim
Pagenstecher, Heinrich Alexander	Medic and zoologist	1844	Founder of the Natural History Museum in Hamburg. Founder of the Corps Hanseatia Göttingen.
Dieterichs, Georg	Politician	1846	Finance Minister of the Kingdom of Hanover, District Administrator of the Göttingen District
Grashoff, Wilhelm	theologian	1848	Protestant pastor, superintendent and consistorial councilor in Meppen
Meyersburg, Friedrich	jurist	1848	Lawyer and judicial councilor at the higher court in Celle, insolvency administrator
Pernice, Hugo Karl Anton	Mediciners	1848	Gynecologist and professor at the University of Greifswald
Giesecken, Carl	jurist	1848	District administrator in the Eisenberg district
Schiefler, Wilhelm Theodor v.	Linguist	1849	Writer and linguist professor at the Colégio Pedro II in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
Schlettwein, Carl	jurist	1850	Mecklenburg landowner and administrative lawyer
Barkhausen, Friedrich Wilhelm	Church lawyer	1850	Oberkirchenrat and member of the Prussian manor house
Lüntzel, Alfred	jurist	1851	Lawyer at the Prussian. Upper Tribunal and since 1879 at the Imperial Court
Foehring, Heinrich	Politician	1851	Hamburg lawyer and politician
Hate, Jean Paul	Institutional Psychiatrist	1852	Director of the Brunswick State Insane Asylum in Königslutter
Balck, Carl	Politician	1852	Mecklenburg administrative lawyer and historian
Balck, Robert	Administrative lawyer	1852	Mecklenburg Drost and agricultural politician
Mogk, Wilhelm	Judge	1853	Parliamentarians in the Waldeck-Pyrmont state parliament
Oberländer, Maximilian von	Administrative lawyer	1853	Tax director in Alsace
Armor, David	Mediciners	1853	formerly an expert on fossil radiant animals
Voigt, Friedrich	Lawyer and local researcher	1853	First official of the rulership of the marshland . Honorary member of the Corps since September 5, 1908
Böttrich, Ignaz	Judge	1854	Judge at the Imperial Court of the Empire in Leipzig
Berlin, Rudolf	Mediciners	1854	Ophthalmologist and Rector of the University of Rostock
Heeren, Hermann Frhr. v.	diplomat	1855	Minister-resident of the Free Hanseatic Cities of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck at the Imperial French Court in Paris
Waldeck, Robert	Politician	1856	District Court Councilor, Privy Councilor of Justice, President of the Landtag of Waldeck-Pyrmont
Stölting, Hermann	Politician	1856	Mayor of Offenbach am Main
Gerlach, Leopold	philologist	1857	Pedagogue and cultural scientist
Herwig, Walter	jurist	1857	Promoter of the German deep sea fishery and founder of oceanography
Benfey, Julius	jurist	1857	Member of the board of the Braunschweig-Hannoversche Hypothekenbank , long-time head of the Jewish community in Hanover
Hugenberg, Carl	Politician	1858	Member of the Prussian House of Representatives
Vogt, Carl Friedrich Gustav	Chemist	1859	Scientist and educator
Bockenheimer, Jakob Hermann	surgeon	1859	Founder of the first private surgical clinic in Frankfurt am Main
Goessmann, Ferdinand	jurist	1860	Judge and member of the Prussian House of Representatives
Alsberg, Moritz	Mediciners	1860	Doctor and anthropologist
Gelbcke, Friedrich	Pedagogue	1861	School principals in Russia and Finland, Russian Act. Secret State Council
Christians, Hermann v.	Politician	1861	District Administrator and Member of the Reichstag ( Free Conservative Party )
Aronstein, Louis	Chemist	1861	Professor at the Technical University of Delft, The Netherlands
Honthumb, Caspar Alexander	journalist	1862	Writer and journalist in the USA
Scarlet fever, Julius	Politician	1863	Commercial lawyer and colonial entrepreneur
Ketelhodt, Max Freiherr von	jurist	1863	Official governor and manor owner
Braun, Philipp	Classical philologist	1864	Director of the high school in Hanau
Stürenburg, Caspar	journalist	1864	Columnist for the New York State Newspaper
Travers, Gustav	diplomat	1865	German special commissioner in the conflict over Samoa , consul general in Sydney and ministerial resident in Tangier
Brauer, Arthur v.	Politician	1865	Prime Minister (Minister of State) of the Grand Duchy of Baden
Thilenius, Otto	doctor	1865	Balneologist in Bad Soden
Reiss, Paul	Lawyer	1866	Patron of the health resort Bad Soden
Wolfing, Max	theologian	1867	Field Provost of the Imperial Army and Navy
Janke, Gustav	Literary historian	1870	Publisher and owner of Otto Janke- Verlag Berlin
Schwiening, Friedrich	jurist	1872	Mayor of the city of Aurich MP in the Hanoverian provincial parliament
Oetker, Friedrich	jurist	1873	German lawyer and teacher of criminal law
Rothfels, Max	jurist	1873	Lawyer and notary, head of the Jewish community in Kassel
Poelchau, Warner	Politician	1873	Merchant and member of the Hamburg Parliament
Schnitzler, Richard v.	Entrepreneur	1876	Banker and patron, co-founder and supervisory board of IG Farben
Heinrichs, Adolf	Politician	1876	District President of Lüneburg and Undersecretary of State in the Prussian Ministry of the Interior
Baur, Alexander	jurist	1877	Senator of the city of Altona
Bruns, Ludwig	neurologist	1878	Professor of Neurologist
Kapp, Wolfgang	Politician	1878	General Landscape Director and Putschist ( Kapp Putsch )
Poelchau, Harald	jurist	1879	Hamburg lawyer
Bennigsen, Adolf v.	District Administrator	1879	District administrator of the Springe district , the last Hanoverian to die as a result of a pistol duel (1902)
Schlösser, Karl	Ophthalmologist	1879	Professor of Ophthalmology at the University of Munich
Schröder, Theodor	Politician	1879	Social and municipal association politician, honorary citizen of the city of Kassel. Honorary member of the Corps since March 8, 1951.
Heraeus, Wilhelm	Entrepreneur	1881	Industrialist of the early days ( Heraeus ). Honorary member of the Corps since June 17, 1917.
Bumiller, Theodor	diplomat	1884	Explorer and companion of the Africa explorer Hermann von Wissmann
Porzig, Max	Judge	1887	Judge at the Imperial Court of the Empire and member of the Reichstag
Miquel, Walther von	Administrative lawyer	1889	Prussian district president and landowner
Lindeck, Anton	Business lawyer	1892	Lawyer and specialist in inland waterway law. Honorary member of the Corps since June 19, 1954.
Christians, Walter v.	Administrative lawyer	1894	District Administrator of the Bartenstein District
Scarlet fever, Otto	Business lawyer	1894	Lawyer in Hamburg, emigrant during the Second World War
Abegg, Wilhelm	Politician	1896	State Secretary in the Prussian Ministry of the Interior, founder of modern Prussian police law, resistance against National Socialism
Reiss, Eduard	psychiatrist	1897	Professor of Psychiatry, emigrated to Switzerland in 1933
Reiss, Adolf	Association lawyer	1897	Welfare association lawyer in Frankfurt a. M., patron of the welfare organization of Bad Soden, helper of persecuted minorities
Gleitsmann, Hanns	Mediciners	1898	Medical officer of the Imperial Navy and the Imperial Navy
Todt, Walter	jurist	1899	Colonial official in Windhoek , lawyer and notary in Berlin
Rakenius, Wilhelm	Sailors	1899	Printing entrepreneur, administrative lawyer and sailing enthusiast
Oppermann, Christian	jurist	1900	Mayor of Stade, alderman in Krefeld
Lorey, Alexander	Radiologist	1900	University professor
Ponfick, Hans	Administrative lawyer	1902	Agrarian lobbyist and politician. Honorary member of the Corps since June 9, 1939.
Mumm v. Schwarzenstein, Alfons Frhr.	diplomat	1903	Successor to Kettelers in Beijing, later ambassador of the German Reich in Tokyo
Albrecht, Helmuth	Politician	1907	Reichstag member of the DVP and mine director in companies in the potash industry. Honorary member of the Corps since June 28, 1952.
Toebelmann, Curt	banker	1907
Wahrendorff, Rudolf	psychiatrist	1907	expanded the Wahrendorff Clinic from his father
Junius, Hans	Business lawyer	1907	Family entrepreneur and personally liable partner of CD Wälzholz in Hohenlimburg. Honorary member of the Corps since December 12, 1943.
Döring, Hermann	Business lawyer	1908	Aviation insurance pioneer.
Cool, Axel Werner	theologian	1912	Pastor of the Confessing Church in Lübeck, resistance against the conformity of the German Evangelical Church
Christians, Fritz v.	Administrative lawyer	1912	District Administrator of the District of Heiligenstadt
Heinrichs, Kurt	Administrative lawyer	1913	District President of East Friesland . Honorary member of the Corps since June 13, 1964.
Conring, Hermann	Politician	1913	Member of the Bundestag for the CDU
Heraeus, Wilhelm Heinrich	Entrepreneur	1919	Large industrialist ( Heraeus ). Honorary member of the Corps since June 23, 1962.
Schmidt, Hermann	physicist	1919	University professor, founder of cybernetics in Germany
Wilhelmi, Hans	Politician	1919	Member of the Bundestag for the CDU and Federal Minister
Vohwinkel, Karl	Mediciners	1919	Dermatologist, university professor
Uhink, Werner	Geodesic	1920	University professor at the Time Measurement Institute in Potsdam
Bronisch, Gotthilf	Lawyer	1920	Resist against National Socialism, Goerdeler's confidante in New York, he emigrated to the USA in 1935
Pohle, Wolfgang	Politician	1922	Lawyer, industrialist and member of the Bundestag for the CDU / CSU
Boeck, Wolfgang	Farmer and politician	1924	Farmer and member of the CDU state parliament
Delkeskamp, ​​Kurt	entomologist	1924	Curator and librarian of the Zoological Museum Berlin
Krommes, Friedrich	Church lawyer	1925	Oberlandeskirchenrat of the Evangelical Church Kurhessen-Waldeck
Eckhardt, Wilhelm	jurist	1926	Lawyer and notary, local politician, regional and student historian
Rath, Hugo Ludwig	jurist	1926	Lawyer and Notary
Schaefer, Walter	Politician	1927	Senior District Director of the Einbeck District (1948–1972)
Kapp, Reinhard	Tax advisor and lawyer	1928	Specialist lawyer for tax law, in particular inheritance and gift tax
Curschmann, Heinrich	jurist	1932	Attorney and honorary member of the corps
Gnekow, Horst	Artist	1935	Actor, dramaturge and theater director
Lüthy, Herbert	physicist	1935	Swiss biophysicist and university professor. Honorary member of the Corps since December 17, 1988.
Stoermer, Joachim	Mediciners	1943	Professor of Pediatric Cardiology. Honorary member of the Corps since June 15, 1996.
Senger, Wolfgang	Administrative lawyer	1947	District Director and District President of Hanover
Schröder, Werner	Federal judge	1947	Judge at the Federal Social Court
Witten, Ulrich von	Administrative lawyer	1948	Senior City Director in Celle
Leers, Wolf-Dietrich	Mediciners	1950	Infectiologist and Insurance Physician , Associate Professor and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada
Piper, Henning	Federal judge	1952	Judge at the Federal Court of Justice and Chairman of the First Civil Senate
Schroedel-Siemau, Hermann v.	Entrepreneur	1955	Publisher (Hermann Schroedel Verlag) and bookseller
Vondran, Ruprecht	Lawyer	1956	CDU member of the Bundestag and President of the Steel Federation
Truöl, Peter	physicist	1956	Experimental physicist and professor at the Universities of Zurich and Yale
Stadtmüller, Franz	anatomist	1959	University professor and editor of the history of the corps
Bitter-Suermann, Hinrich	Medical professionals and politicians	1960	Professor of Medicine at Georgetown University , Dalhousie University and Heidelberg University , Member of Parliament in Nova Scotia , Canada
Rath, Peter Dietrich	Business lawyer and association politician	1960	Chairman of the Supervisory Board and General Director i. R. Auxilia Rechtsschutz-Versicherung AG and KS Versicherungs-AG . Honorary member of the Corps since June 16, 2001.
Denecke, Heiko	Mediciners	1962	Professor of Vascular Surgery
Katthagen, Bernd-Dietrich	Mediciners	1971	Professor of Orthopedics
Wagner, Hans-Werner	jurist	1972	State Secretary and Head of the State Chancellery of Saxony in Dresden.
Schönermark, Matthias	Mediciners	1985	University professor and management consultant in Hanover.

Holder of the Klinggräff Medal

The Klinggräff Medal, which has been awarded by the Stifterverein Alter Corpsstudenten since 1987 , was awarded to:

• Florian Wolfgang Vondran (2009)
• Jan Christoph Katthagen (2010)

Hannovera Heidelberg (1809-1813)

→ Main article : Corps Hannovera Heidelberg

During the Heidelberg time of the Corps, only active and later known members of the Corps were in Heidelberg (sorted by year of birth):

• Friedrich Wilhelm Anton Roemer (1788–1865), President of the Oldenburg Higher Appeal Court
• Christian Friedrich Hase (1790–1860), ducal Saxon-Altenburg chamber councilor and finance vice-president
• Heinrich Wilhelm Hayen (1791–1854), Vice President of the Higher Appeal Court in Oldenburg
• Friedrich Wilhelm Heineken (1787–1848), Senator of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
• Johann Schloifer (1790–1867), the first constitutional prime minister of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
• Ludwig Starklof (1789–1850), first director of the Oldenburg Theater
• Alexander von Dusch (1789–1876), Baden Foreign Minister
• Karl Ludwig Roeck (1790–1869), Mayor of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck
• Matthias Sievers (1792–1848), councilor of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck
• Johann Joachim Friedrich Torkuhl (1790–1870), Mayor of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck
• Theodor Rehbenitz (1791–1861), draftsman among the Nazarenes

Social structure

As a result of a comparative study on the social structure published for the first time in 1958 , the main occupational groups of the members of the Corps were determined as follows (in brackets the percentage distribution of the members living during the study): Administrative lawyers 20% (12.8%), doctors 18.7% (25%), justice 16% (25%), farmers 11% (12.8%), lawyers 10.6% (11.3), pastors 4.4% (0.9%), scientists 3.8 % (8.9%), officers 3.5% (0%), commercial 4.7% (8.3%).

Regular accountant in the area of ​​the Corps Hannovera Göttingen

Studbooks are essential sources for the corps history of the corps for the times before the start of the transmission of Convent protocols. The following selection includes clerks of clerks with terms from 1809, which are important for the history of the Corps Hannovera Göttingen and Heidelberg.

Accountant	running time	Storage location	Remarks	Illustration
Iffland, Ernst Christian	1809-	Excerpt from the Institute for University Studies	See Ernst Iffland, BB No. 16
Jacobi, Carl von (1790–1875)	1809-	Excerpt from the Institute for University Studies	Co-founder of the Corps Hannovera on January 18, 1809. BB No. 25
Volborth, Franz Wilhelm (1792–1870)	1809-1811	Museum of Hamburg History Gen VIII 26	Member of the Corps Hannovera. BB No. 62
Reinecke, Ernst (1790–1857)	1810-	Private ownership in Einbeck (1993). Copy in the archive of the Corps Hannovera. Excerpt from the Institute for University Studies	Co-founder of the Corps Hannovera on January 18, 1809. BB No. 16
Gagern, Friedrich von (1794–1848)	1810-1811	Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt Signature O 11 G No. 4	Member of the Corps Hannovera
Schulzen, Johann Christian	1811	Record book sheet from April 1811 in the archive of the Corps Hannovera Göttingen	Member of the Corps Hannovera. Caddick / Curschmann No. 001064, not yet included in the BB from 2002.
Volkert, Eberhard Christian (1788-1859)	1810-	Excerpt from the Institute for University Studies	Member of Corps Hannovera, formerly the Guestphalia Göttingen. BB No. 60
Haxthausen, August von (1792–1866)	1813-1816	ULB Münster , signature: August von Haxthausen estate	Regular accountant was August von Arnswaldt's brother-in-law (member of Corps Hannovera, BB No. 193)
Plessing, Johann Philipp (1791-1851)	1810-1814	Archive of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck , Plessing estate, 55 V 41, excerpt in the Institute for University Studies	Member of the branch corps Hannovera Heidelberg, BB No. 036. Single bearer in Heidelberg and Göttingen.
Wendland, Heinrich Ludolph	1818-1819	Lower Saxony State Library , Royal Garden Library Herrenhausen. Estate of court gardeners Wendland. Signature Noviss. 452, 2, 4	Member of the Corps Hannovera
Haase, Georg	1824-1826	Historical museum on the high bank	Member of the Corps Hannovera BB No. 267

literature

• Franz Stadtmüller : Otto v. Bismarck as a student in Göttingen 1832/33 and his later relationships with his Corps Hannovera, Georgia Augusta and the city. Göttinger Jahrbuch, ISSN  0072-4882 (1960), pp. 1-18
• Franz Stadtmüller (Hrsg.): History of the Corps Hannovera zu Göttingen 1809-1959 . Goettingen 1963.
• From the early days of the Heidelberg, Tübingen and Göttingen S [enioren-] C [onvents] 1807–1809. Correspondence between the Heidelberg Swabians Georg Kloß Rhenaniae and Hannoverae Göttingen and Alexander Stein. Once and now , special issue 1963
• Franz Stadtmüller (ed.): From the young Bismarck - correspondence with his corps brother Gustav Scharlach (1833–53). Hamburg 1966.
• Kurt Heinrichs : Göttingen Hanoverian in the service of the King of Hanover . Einst und Jetzt , Vol. 14 (1969), pp. 176 ff.
• Hans-Günter Heym: Bismarck and us. The centenary of the foundation of the Reich, a historical review in publications . Corps Hannovera, Göttingen 1971
• Rainer Assmann : Constitution of the Hannovera (1832) . Once and Now , special issue 1988, The Constitutions of Corps III , pp. 61–67.
• Rainer Assmann: Hannovera Göttingen - Rhenania Tübingen . Einst und Jetzt , Vol. 36 (1991), p. 151 ff.
• Joachim Stoermer (Ed.): History of the Corps Hannovera zu Göttingen 1959–1994 . Goettingen 1996.
• Gunnar Henry Caddick: The Hannöversche Landsmannschaft at the University of Göttingen from 1737-1809. Göttingen 2002.
• Heinrich F. Curschmann: Blue Book of the Corps Hannovera zu Göttingen, Bd. 1: 1809-1899 Göttingen 2002
• Jonathan Green: Armed and Courteous . Financial Times magazine, January 3, 2004.

Web links

Commons : Corps Hannovera Göttingen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Corps Hannovera Göttingen  - Sources and full texts

• Publications on the Corps Hannovera Göttingen in the catalog of the German National Library
• Hannovera in the Kösener and Weinheimer archive portal
• Corps Hannovera Göttingen - official website
• Jonathan Green: Armed and Courteous , Financial Times magazine, January 3, 2004, p. 16., Blood Brothers ( Memento of February 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) - report in English, with photos

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Stadtmüller: Hannovera p. 338
2. ↑ The Constitution is printed in Assmann, Constitutionen der Corps III , p. 61 ff
3. ↑ German "Never go back, luck helps the brave!"
4. ↑ Terentius , cf. Latin proverbs and fortes fortuna adiuvat
5. ↑ German "Long live the circle of the Hanoverian brothers"
6. ↑ Members of the Hanoverian Landsmannschaft who later became important were the reform chancellor Karl August von Hardenberg , Albrecht Thaer , Adolph Freiherr Knigge , and Johann Anton Leisewitz
7. ↑ See Fig. From: Hans-Georg Schmeling: Göttingen in the 18th century. Catalog Göttingen 1987, p. 168
8. ↑ Hanna Feesche, Robert Mueller-Stahl: A ride with consequences. The Göttingen Gendarme Affair (1809). In: Franz Walter / Teresa Nentwig (eds.): The offended Gänseliesel - 250 years of scandal stories in Göttingen , V&R Academic, Göttingen 2016, pp. 40–47
9. ↑ Stadtmüller, pp. 41–49
10. ↑ Stadtmüller, Corpsgeschichte, pp. 62–65; of these, all three of the corps brothers fighting on the French side and four of the corps brothers fighting on the German-English side died.
11. ↑ Jens Mastnak, Michael-Andreas Tänzer: This memorable and murderous battle - The Hanoverians near Waterloo , Celle 2003, ISBN 3-925902-48-1
12. ↑ Curschmann, Blue Book
13. ^ The Corps Lunaburgia Göttingen existed from 1820–1848. List of members in the Kösener corps lists 1910.
14. ↑ Stadtmüller: Hannovera p. 101 with fn. 73.
15. ↑ See also History of Student Associations
16. ↑ Quotation from Stadtmüller: Geschichte des Corps Hannovera zu Göttingen (excerpt), p. 273 ff .: "The designation of the solution to the Aryan question as an" honorary question "... as it happened with the letter of October 23, 1935, I have to forbid . "
17. ↑ Jürgen Herrlein : On the 'Aryan question' in student associations (= dissertation), Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8487-2666-0
18. ↑ Erich Bauer: The comradeships in the area of ​​the Kösener SC in the years 1937-1945 . In: then and now. Yearbook of the Association for Corporate Student History Research 1 (1956), p. 24.
19. ↑ Erich Bauer : The comradeships in the area of ​​the Kösener SC in the years 1937-1945 , In: Einst und Jetzt . Yearbook of the Association for Corporate Student History Research 1 (1956), pp. 5-40 (24 ff.)
20. ↑ Stadtmüller: History of the Corps Hannovera zu Göttingen p. 272 ​​ff.
21. ^ Horst Bernhardi: New student communities at the University of Göttingen from 1945 to 1950 . Göttinger Jahrbuch 1962, p. 172.
22. ^ Stadtmüller: History of the Corps Hannovera zu Göttingen, p. 323.
23. ↑ Stadtmüller, Corpsgeschichte, p. 324 ff.
24. ^ Ernst Hans Eberhard : Handbook of the student liaison system. Leipzig, 1924/25, p. 50.
25. ^ Franz Stadtmüller (Ed.): History of the Corps Hannovera zu Göttingen 1809-1959 . Göttingen 1963, pp. 354-357.
26. ↑ Jan Volker Wilhelm: The building business and the city: urban planning, property transactions and building activity in Göttingen (1861-1924) , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2006, p. 40
27. ↑ Stephen Klimczuk, Gerald Warner: Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries: Uncovering Mysterious Sights, Symbols, and Societies , Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2009, p. 228
28. ↑ The SC consists of the Kösener Corps Brunsviga , Curonia, Hannovera, Hildeso-Guestphalia , Saxonia and Teutonia-Hercynia as well as one of the two Weinheimer Corps on site.
29. ^ Rainer Assmann : Hannovera Göttingen - Rhenania Tübingen . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 36 (1991), pp. 151-158.
30. ↑ Volker Ullrich: Lump or the first man of Prussia. in: ZEIT Campus 03/2007; Otto-Eberhard Zander : Bismarck and his debauchery as a student (1832/33). In: Franz Walter / Teresa Nentwig (eds.): The offended Gänseliesel - 250 years of scandal stories in Göttingen , V&R Academic, Göttingen 2016, pp. 55–64
31. ^ So the Marxist Bismarck historian Ernst Engelberg : Bismarck. Original Prussians and founders of the empire. Akademie-Verlag XVI, Berlin 1985 page 92; The archive and the surviving Convent protocols provide no evidence for this thesis, cf. Stadtmüller: Corps history ...
32. ↑ Erich Marcks, Bismarck, a biography, 18th edition, Stuttgart / Berlin 1940, pp. 77f; Cf. on this the previous note and the lifelong correspondence with his corps brothers cited in the literature or also: Walter Nissen: Otto von Bismarck's Göttingen student years 1832–1833. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1982. ISBN 3-525-36177-7
33. ↑ On April 27, 1895 in Friedrichsruh , cf. Stadtmüller: Hannovera p. 119 with additional information
34. ↑
    

    Commons : Gustav Scharlach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
35. ^ Stadtmüller: Bismarck ; also: Otto v. Bismarck: Thoughts and Memories ; Some of the originals are owned by the Otto von Bismarck Foundation
36. ^ Letter from Bismarck to his American coetan Mitchell C. King dated November 15, 1875
37. ^ Draft based on a drawing (1834) by Bismarck's cousin Gustaf von Kessel. See Stadtmüller: Hannovera p. 401 with additional references
38. ↑ Klinggräff Medal
39. ↑ His letter from Heidelberg to his childhood friend Friedrich Overbeck gives an insight into the world of thought of a student of rights at the time.
    

    Wikisource: Karl Ludwig Roeck to Friedrich Overbeck, 1810  - come. Full text
40. ^ G. Chr. Hirsch : Social structure of two corps as an appendix in Assmann: Hannovera Göttingen - Rhenania Tübingen
41. ^ (Digitized version) Wendland registry
42. ↑ Jonathan Green in the English Wikipedia

Coordinates: 51 ° 31 ′ 44.5 ″  N , 9 ° 56 ′ 11.5 ″  E